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The proximate, minerals, vitamins and anti-nutrients composition of
Solanum verbascifolium Linn were determined. The proximate composition
showed that moisture content was (85.5%), protein was (32.55%), lipid
was (2.90%), ash was (7.20%), fibre was (4.80%), carbohydrate was
(52.55%) and caloric value was (366.50%) respectively. This was found to
b...
Citations
... The results of proximate analysis of Solanum aethiopicum L. fruit (garden egg) showed moisture content value of 86.36 % which is in line with the value of 85.58 % reported by Sam et. al. (2012). The moisture of any food is an index of its water activity and is used as a measure of stability and susceptibility to microbial contamination (Haruna et. al., 2016). This indicates that the fruit has a short shelf-life due to its high moisture content and also the reason why it is classified as a perishable food (Haruna et. al., 2016) ...
... Dissimilar results were reported by Akoto et al. (2015), Mahapatra et al. (2012) and Otu et al. (2017). However, higher values were recorded by Eletta et al. (2017) and Sam et al. (2012). The differences in iron content among maturity stages of different species could be attributed to factors such as type of fruit, degree of ripeness climate, etc and also the presence of other phytochemicals. ...
The family Solanaceae represent one of the most economically, nutritionally and medicinally important families of angiosperms. The genus Solanum is a hyper-diverse taxon of this family. There are about 2300 species of Solanum in the world that are mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas, with a small number in the temperate areas. Solanum torvum has been extensively explored for its chemical constituents. To determine and compare the phytoconstituents of the fruits/berries of three different species of Solanum (torvum, erianthum, and macrocarpon) at different maturity stages. Fruits of Solanum (torvum, erianthum, and macrocarpon) were harvested at different maturity stages from local farms and around households in the Volta region and kept in sterile sample bags. Phytochemical and mineral analysis of the fruits was carried out according to the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), to determine the mineral composition of the fruits. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteau method, Flavonoids content was determined by the Aluminum Chloride method. Antioxidant activity was determined by three assays; DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. The elemental mineral analysis was done using the flame photometer according to methods by AOAC. The present study revealed that the levels of antioxidants, total phenolics, and flavonoids contents were significantly affected by both the physiological maturity stage and extraction solvents. Total phenolic content ranged between 16.97±0.03-40.62±0.00 µL GAE/10 µL. Flavonoids contents ranged from 52.33±0.36-434.00±0.31 µL CE/10 µL. Antioxidants activity values ranged between 37.79±036-878.34±4.36, 16.66±7.40-47.49±15.27 and 0.075±0.00-0.257±0.00 for DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays respectively. Elemental mineral values recorded ranged between 4.87±0.03-11.55±0.05 mg/kg for Fe, 23.23±0.04-32.46±0.04 mg/kg for Mg and 34.317±0.03-15.3309±0.001 mg/kg for Na. This study revealed that the levels of antioxidants, total phenolics and flavonoids are significantly affected by both the physiological maturity stage and extraction solvents. It was clear that all methanolic extract showed significant variations with high values in antioxidants which included the DPPH scavenging activity, the ABTS • + scavenging activity, the Ferric reduction power assay, the total phenolics, and the flavonoid content.
... Dissimilar results were reported by Akoto et al. (2015), Mahapatra et al. (2012) and Otu et al. (2017). However, higher values were recorded by Eletta et al. (2017) and Sam et al. (2012). The differences in iron content among maturity stages of different species could be attributed to factors such as type of fruit, degree of ripeness climate, etc and also the presence of other phytochemicals. ...
The family Solanaceae represent one of the most economically, nutritionally and medicinally important families of angiosperms. The genus Solanum is a hyper-diverse taxon of this family. There are about 2300 species of Solanum in the world that are mainly distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical areas, with a small number in the temperate areas. Solanum torvum has been extensively explored for its chemical constituents. To determine and compare the phytoconstituents of the fruits/berries of three different species of Solanum (torvum, erianthum, and macrocarpon) at different maturity stages. Fruits of Solanum (torvum, erianthum, and macrocarpon) were harvested at different maturity stages from local farms and around households in the Volta region and kept in sterile sample bags. Phytochemical and mineral analysis of the fruits was carried out according to the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), to determine the mineral composition of the fruits. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteau method, Flavonoids content was determined by the Aluminum Chloride method. Antioxidant activity was determined by three assays; DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. The elemental mineral analysis was done using the flame photometer according to methods by AOAC. The present study revealed that the levels of antioxidants, total phenolics, and flavonoids contents were significantly affected by both the physiological maturity stage and extraction solvents. Total phenolic content ranged between 16.97±0.03 - 40.62±0.00 µL GAE/10 µL. Flavonoids contents ranged from 52.33±0.36 - 434.00±0.31 µL CE/10 µL. Antioxidants activity values ranged between 37.79±036 - 878.34±4.36, 16.66±7.40 - 47.49±15.27 and 0.075±0.00-0.257±0.00 for DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays respectively. Elemental mineral values recorded ranged between 4.87±0.03 - 11.55±0.05 mg/kg for Fe, 23.23±0.04 - 32.46±0.04 mg/kg for Mg and 34.317±0.03 - 15.3309±0.001 mg/kg for Na. This study revealed that the levels of antioxidants, total phenolics and flavonoids are significantly affected by both the physiological maturity stage and extraction solvents. It was clear that all methanolic extract showed significant variations with high values in antioxidants which included the DPPH scavenging activity, the ABTS• + scavenging activity, the Ferric reduction power assay, the total phenolics, and the flavonoid content.
... Vitamin C content of T. hirtum fruit is lower than Detarium microcarpum fruit (55.1mg/100g) and Gynochthodes umbrellata fruit (25mg/100g fw) (Florence et al. 2014;Sudhakaran and Nair, 2016), while vitamin A in the fruit extract is higher than G. umbellata (1.29mg/100g fw) but lower than Solanum verbascifolium (371.72mg/100g) (Sudhakaran and Nair, 2016;Sam et al. 2012). However, the high level of vitamin A indicates that T. hirtum fruit is an excellent natural source of this vitamin and can supply 100% of the recommended dietary allowance. ...
... Flavonoids, by preventing atherosclerosis, lower the risk of coronary heart diseases (Adeniyi et al., 2012). High content of tannin decrease protein quality by decreasing digestibility and causes damage to the intending track (Sam et al., 2012). Dutta, (2003) reported that, tannins are responsible for the flavour in tea and it use in the treatment of skin eruption and for other medicinal purposes due to their astringent properties. ...
... Phytate is an anti-nutrient that interferes with the absorption of minerals from the diet. It causes calcium and zinc deficiency in man when in excess, the deficiency of these minerals results in Oteo-malacia, anaemia and rickets (Sam et al., 2012). The level of phytate in C. lanatus seeds and C. nucifera stem bark were observed to be 0.677 and 2.37 mg/100 g. ...
The seed of Citrulus lanatus and Cocos nucifera stem bark were analyzed for their phytochemical, proximate, nutrient and anti-nutrient compositions. The results obtained from the analysis of both plants were compared. The result reveals that both plants contain substantial amount of saponnins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenol. The concentration of alkaloids and steroids present in the C. lanatus seed were significantly (p<0.0.05) higher compared with the level observed in C. nucifera stem bark. There was generally low percentage proximate fractions of C. lanatus seeds in terms ash and fibre and low percentage fractions of protein, ash, fats and fibre were observed in the C. nucifera stem bark. Protein and fats composition of C. lanatus seed were observed to be significantly (P<0.05) higher compared with the compositions present in C. nucifera stem bark Iron was the most abundant micro element present ranging from 4.089 µg/g in C. lanatus seed to 3.66 µg/g in C. nucifera stem bark. This was followed by zinc; the values of magnesium were very traced in both plants. Results of analysis of C. lanatus seed and C. nucifera stem bark showed that the plants are rich in some vitamins such as vitamin A, E and C which were observed to be abundant while low concentration of vitamin B 1 , B 2 and B 3 were observed in both plants. The anti-nutrient analysis of C. lanatus seed and C. nucifera stem bark revealed low level of phytate, oxalate, hemaglutinin and trypsin inhibitor ranging from 0.677 mg/100g to 2.370 mg/100g, 0.082 mg/100 g to 0.97 mg/100 g, 0.549 % to 0.690% and 0.456 mg/100 g to 0.550 mg/100 g respectively. This study has shown that C. lanatus seed and C. nucifera stem bark are good source of phytochemicals that are biologically important, thus they can be potential sources of useful drugs in the management of some ailments.
Medicinal and Aromatic plant (MAP) species including Shrubs, herbs and trees are widely distributed
along the Nandhaur landscape which is present in Nainital District of Uttarakhand. This region is well
known for its flora and fauna biodiversity. Local and tribal communities of this region still use medicinal
plants to cure various diseases and alignments. Research articles on the tree species have already been
published by the researchers but there is no such study on shrubs and herbs. This review article is an
attempt to study and analyze the pharmaceutical, ethnobotanical, and traditional uses of 28 plant species
including the shrubs and herb species from Nandhaur landscape. With the help of a literature review, we
highlighted the phytochemical constituents, and their botanical, vernacular names with modern and
traditional uses. It will be beneficial to share traditional knowledge of these medicinal plant species with
locals, researchers, and scientists by providing them with a thorough understanding of the region. As
many plants species face extinction due to climate change, deforestation, and irregular harvesting
practises, this comprehensive review will be critical for protecting cultural, traditional, and biodiversity
conservation.
Keywords: Biodiversity, MAPs, Nandhaur landscape, phytochemical constituents, shrubs, and herbs
