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... Sindh ibex (C. aegagrus blythii) is a keystone game species that plays an important role in the trophic dynamics of semi-desert and hilly terrain landscapes, as it regulates grasses and is eaten by carnivore predator species like gray wolf (Canis lupus), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), and Balochistan black bear (Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus) (Ghalib et al. 2019). It is widely distributed across the study area, especially in rugged terrain between Balochistan and Sindh, which protects it from predators, although in rather low densities. ...
... It is widely distributed across the study area, especially in rugged terrain between Balochistan and Sindh, which protects it from predators, although in rather low densities. Our findings contradict earlier studies that confined Sindh ibex presence only to national parks (Ghalib et al. 2019;Yaseen et al. 2021). Domestic herbivores in their habitat often cause food competition (Bagchi et al. 2003) and reduce habitat suitability (Krebs et al. 2007). ...
The increased pressures generated by human activities in form of climate change and habitat fragmentation have caused serious threats for Sindh ibex (Capra aegagrus blythii). Balochistan, recognized as one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change in Pakistan, has limited data on the distribution and population status of this species. To address this gap, our study aims to assess the spatial and temporal distribution and population trend of Sindh ibex in the Khuzdar and Lasbela districts of Balochistan. The study covered an area of approximately 45,123.97 km 2. It involved a double-observer survey at ten sites from 2019 to 2022, using the BBRecapture package in the R programming language to estimate ibex population trend and dispersion. We provided a comprehensive update of the species geographic range, along with estimates of its current abundance and population trends. Over the course of four years, the ibex population fluctuated. The ibexes detected dropped from 720 (male to female ratio 1:1.21) and 710 (male to female ratio 1:1.08) in 2019 and 2020, respectively, to 550 (male to female ratio 1:1.35) and 548 (male to female ratio 1:1.09). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the population trends, gender ratios, habitat preferences, and density of Sindh ibex in Balochistan over the four-year period. These findings contribute significantly to the baseline data on the species ecology and will further help in the conservation of these species at local scale.
... With a valid license or permission and subject to certain conditions, one may hunt a game animal. According to this Act, permits and other requirements are required for the i mport and export of wild animals [ 4 ] . The government may also limit or forbid the import, export, possession, and trade of wild animals and flora, as well as their components, by products, and derivatives, as specified in the CITES and Convention on Migratory Species of wild animals numerous appendices (CMS). ...
The purpose of this paper is to study the significance of Balochistan wildlife protection preservation conservation and management 2014. The province of Balochistan has rich biodiversity and natural heritage, especially wildlife that has unfortunately been degrading and depleting, mainly due to human activities. The department is mandated to implement, seek compliance and enforce the relevant provisions of this Act. It is a very detailed act for the conservation and management of the province's wildlife. It was passed in March 2014. It has 96 articles and five schedules. It gives a short title, preamble, definitions, guiding principles, administration, preliminary protection of wild animals, hunting of game animals, possession and display of wild animals, wildlife trade and traffic, protected areas, ex-situ conservation, Multinational Environmental Agreements (MEAs), community participation, powers of the government and officers, indemnity removal of difficulties and punishment for offences under the act, mis cellaneous duties, trial of offence cases, penalties and punishment, repeals and savings there are five schedules to the act, game animals, lawful possession of wild animals, protected animals, Ramsar sites in Balochi stan, penalties, and punishment.
... Growth was around 160 to 170 days (11). One limb is record common in females' ≤ 5 years although twins are common in older females (12). According to Roberts (1977), markhor may live up to 10-12 years. ...
The present study was conducted to investigate the population growth pattern, population status examination of negative elements that decreased their population and formation of positive actions for conservation of Suleman markhor "(Capra falconeri jerdoni) ? in Ziarat National Park. The data in present work was assembled undeviatingly through occasional survey and meetings from the forest department, from the local community and wildlife department. Results showed that the number of Suleman markhor based on actual sighting is moderately subsidence as compared to those reported in 2017 by IUCN Pakistan. Density decreased due to climatic factors environmental factors, rise in hunting, food absence and drought. Thus it is recommended that taxonomic status persistence the flora and fauna of Ziarat park inference the wildlife rules against over hunting, conduction of surveys, proper vaccinations of animals, habitat hotbeds, dispersal species through GIS maps, investigation of genetic makeup through crossing different spices of others goats are mandatory for unusually unique species of Markhor in Ziarat National park, that is need of zoological point of view.
... The variety of biodiversity, province is quite rich in wildlife. (Syed Ali Ghalib et al., 2019). The diversity of migratory birds include houbara bustards (Chlamydotisundulate), cranes (Gruidae), teals (Anas crecca), pintails (Anaa), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), geese (Anser), spoon bills (Platalea), waders (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus), pelicans (Pelecanus) and quails (Coturnix coturnix are included in migratory bird Faiza (2022) ilyas. ...
The current study was conducted to examine the point prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of migratory quails. Due to its economic importance, the control of ascaridiosis is critical. Migration of birds is considered to enhance the global spread and cross-species transmission of pathogens. The current study was aimed to detect A.galli in migratory quails, a potential contributory risk factor for transmission of this parasite to local birds. A total of 230 migratory quails were trapped using nets from migratory routes in Balochistan and examined under the compound microscope for the presence of A. galli. Conventionally, A. galli was identified by its morphology with the presence of three large lips and absence of posterior esophageal bulb. Results revealed that out of 230, 120 (52.17%) quails were positive for A. galli by targeting COX1 gene (533 bp) by using conventional PCR. Further, the amplicon was sequenced which showed 99% similarity with A. galli publically available in NCBI Gen Bank. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of our isolated parasite indicated the close relationship with A.galli isolated from chickens. In conclusion migratory quails and other migratory birds may play a key role in spreading and transmission of these parasites and other pathogens to domestic chicken. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures should be adopted especially for commercial poultry farms.
... Khan et al. (2018) has reported fifteen species of mammals, one hundred thirty four species of birds, three species of amphibians, nineteen reptile species and twenty species of fish fauna in Korangi and Phitti creeks of Karachi. Based on field observations, 92 species of mammals, 373 species of birds, 127 species of herpetofauna were documented from Baluchistan (Ghalib et al., 2019). ...
... The difference may be due to climate change, habitat loss, deforestation, pollution and increased developmental activities in the coastal areas that may have caused the difference in the vertebrate fauna. Ghalib et al. (2019) has reported 92 species of mammals, 373 birds, 120 reptiles and 7 species of amphibians from Baluchistan. Khan et al. (2010) has recorded 3 marine turtle's species from Karachi Coast. ...
Vertebrate diversity is severely affected due to increased anthropogenic activities in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Ecosystem changes result in changes to the habitats of vertebrate species and to water quality parameters. The present study was conducted from August 2017 to August 2019 for the evaluation of vertebrate fauna and associated threats in the selected areas of Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan. Sampling was done twice per week in various fresh water, marine and terrestrial habitats of the study area. The variety of vertebrate fauna was determined by means of quadrate sampling, point count method, line transect method, counting of dung, footprints and other opportunistic methodologies. The fauna observed included 285 vertebrate species including 24 mammalian species belonging to 11 families, 30 reptilian species belonging to 12 families, 184 bird species belonging to 46 families. A total of 25 marine and euryhaline fish species belonging to 16 families were collected from Gharo Creek, China Creek, Khrararo Creek, and Hub River. 19 freshwater fish species belonging to 7 families were recorded from Keenjhar Lake. About 38.166 ± 5.9132 ppt of salinity was recorded in Hub River which is originally a freshwater habitat but has changed to saline water habitat. Accordingly, freshwater fish species have been declined due to high salinity. Some of the important fish species recorded during the present study included Acanthopagrus latus, Acanthopagrus berda, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lutjanus johnii and Lates calcarifer. Threats to vertebrate fauna recorded in the present study included habitat loss, pollution, deforestation, increased developmental activities in terrestrial and aquatic habitats and indiscriminate hunting.. It has been concluded that changes in habitats and increased frequency of threats has caused a decline in the vertebrate diversity compared with the previous studies. Conservation measures should be taken to mitigate the influence of anthropogenic activities and protect vertebrate fauna from further decline.
... Khan et al. (2018) has reported fifteen species of mammals, one hundred thirty four species of birds, three species of amphibians, nineteen reptile species and twenty species of fish fauna in Korangi and Phitti creeks of Karachi. Based on field observations, 92 species of mammals, 373 species of birds, 127 species of herpetofauna were documented from Baluchistan (Ghalib et al., 2019). ...
... The difference may be due to climate change, habitat loss, deforestation, pollution and increased developmental activities in the coastal areas that may have caused the difference in the vertebrate fauna. Ghalib et al. (2019) has reported 92 species of mammals, 373 birds, 120 reptiles and 7 species of amphibians from Baluchistan. Khan et al. (2010) has recorded 3 marine turtle's species from Karachi Coast. ...
... Khan et al. (2018) has reported fifteen species of mammals, one hundred thirty four species of birds, three species of amphibians, nineteen reptile species and twenty species of fish fauna in Korangi and Phitti creeks of Karachi. Based on field observations, 92 species of mammals, 373 species of birds, 127 species of herpetofauna were documented from Baluchistan (Ghalib et al., 2019). ...
... The difference may be due to climate change, habitat loss, deforestation, pollution and increased developmental activities in the coastal areas that may have caused the difference in the vertebrate fauna. Ghalib et al. (2019) has reported 92 species of mammals, 373 birds, 120 reptiles and 7 species of amphibians from Baluchistan. Khan et al. (2010) has recorded 3 marine turtle's species from Karachi Coast. ...
... Khan et al. (2018) has reported fifteen species of mammals, one hundred thirty four species of birds, three species of amphibians, nineteen reptile species and twenty species of fish fauna in Korangi and Phitti creeks of Karachi. Based on field observations, 92 species of mammals, 373 species of birds, 127 species of herpetofauna were documented from Baluchistan (Ghalib et al., 2019). ...
... The difference may be due to climate change, habitat loss, deforestation, pollution and increased developmental activities in the coastal areas that may have caused the difference in the vertebrate fauna. Ghalib et al. (2019) has reported 92 species of mammals, 373 birds, 120 reptiles and 7 species of amphibians from Baluchistan. Khan et al. (2010) has recorded 3 marine turtle's species from Karachi Coast. ...
Vertebrate diversity is severely affected due to increased anthropogenic activities in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Ecosystem changes result in changes to the habitats of vertebrate species and to water quality parameters. The present study was conducted from August 2017 to August 2019 for the evaluation of vertebrate fauna and associated threats in the selected areas of Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan. Sampling was done twice per week in various fresh water, marine and terrestrial habitats of the study area. The variety of vertebrate fauna was determined by means of quadrate sampling, point count method, line transect method, counting of dung, footprints and other opportunistic methodologies. The fauna observed included 285 vertebrate species including 24 mammalian species belonging to 11 families, 30 reptilian species belonging to 12 families, 184 bird species belonging to 46 families. A total of 25 marine and euryhaline fish species belonging to 16 families were collected from Gharo Creek, China Creek, Khrararo Creek, and Hub River. 19 freshwater fish species belonging to 7 families were recorded from Keenjhar Lake. About 38.166 ± 5.9132 ppt of salinity was recorded in Hub River which is originally a freshwater habitat but has changed to saline water habitat. Accordingly, freshwater fish species have been declined due to high salinity. Some of the important fish species recorded during the present study included Acanthopagrus latus, Acanthopagrus berda, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lutjanus johnii and Lates calcarifer. Threats to vertebrate fauna recorded in the present study included habitat loss, pollution, deforestation, increased developmental activities in terrestrial and aquatic habitats and indiscriminate hunting.. It has been concluded that changes in habitats and increased frequency of threats has caused a decline in the vertebrate diversity compared with the previous studies. Conservation measures should be taken to mitigate the influence of anthropogenic activities and protect vertebrate fauna from further decline.
... Khan et al. (2018) has reported fifteen species of mammals, one hundred thirty four species of birds, three species of amphibians, nineteen reptile species and twenty species of fish fauna in Korangi and Phitti creeks of Karachi. Based on field observations, 92 species of mammals, 373 species of birds, 127 species of herpetofauna were documented from Baluchistan (Ghalib et al., 2019). ...
... The difference may be due to climate change, habitat loss, deforestation, pollution and increased developmental activities in the coastal areas that may have caused the difference in the vertebrate fauna. Ghalib et al. (2019) has reported 92 species of mammals, 373 birds, 120 reptiles and 7 species of amphibians from Baluchistan. Khan et al. (2010) has recorded 3 marine turtle's species from Karachi Coast. ...
Vertebrate diversity is severely affected due to increased anthropogenic activities in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Ecosystem changes result in changes to the habitats of vertebrate species and to water quality parameters. The present study was conducted from August 2017 to August 2019 for the evaluation of vertebrate fauna and associated threats in the selected areas of Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan. Sampling was done twice per week in various fresh water, marine and terrestrial habitats of the study area. The variety of vertebrate fauna was determined by means of quadrate sampling, point count method, line transect method, counting of dung, footprints and other opportunistic methodologies. The fauna observed included 285 vertebrate species including 24 mammalian species belonging to 11 families, 30 reptilian species belonging to 12 families, 184 bird species belonging to 46 families. A total of 25 marine and euryhaline fish species belonging to 16 families were collected from Gharo Creek, China Creek, Khrararo Creek, and Hub River. 19 freshwater fish species belonging to 7 families were recorded from Keenjhar Lake. About 38.166 ± 5.9132 ppt of salinity was recorded in Hub River which is originally a freshwater habitat but has changed to saline water habitat. Accordingly, freshwater fish species have been declined due to high salinity. Some of the important fish species recorded during the present study included Acanthopagrus latus, Acanthopagrus berda, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lutjanus johnii and Lates calcarifer. Threats to vertebrate fauna recorded in the present study included habitat loss, pollution, deforestation, increased developmental activities in terrestrial and aquatic habitats and indiscriminate hunting.. It has been concluded that changes in habitats and increased frequency of threats has caused a decline in the vertebrate diversity compared with the previous studies. Conservation measures should be taken to mitigate the influence of anthropogenic activities and protect vertebrate fauna from further decline.
This study presents the first faunistic record and DNA barcoding for some Diptera species recorded from the Juniperus forest ecosystem of Balochistan, Pakistan. DNA barcoding was used to explore species diversity of Dipterans and collections carried out using a Malaise trap between December 2018 to December 2019. This process involved sequencing the 658 bp Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene.
Amongst the collected Diptera specimens, nine families were identified, representing 13 genera. These species include Atherigona soccata (Rondani, 1871), Atherigona varia (Schiner, 1868), Chironomus dorsalis (Meigen, 1818), Eupeodes corollae (Linnaeus, 1758), Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus,1758), Gonia ornata (Meigen, 1826), Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Paragus quadrifasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pollenia rudis (Fabricius, 1794), Ravinia pernix (Thompson, 1869), Sarcophaga dux (Thompson, 1869), Trupanea amoena (Schiner, 1868) and Wohlfahrtia bella (Linnaeus, 1758). The families Syrphidae and Sarcophagidae exhibited the highest representation, each comprising three genera and three species. They were followed by the family Muscidae, which had a single genus and two species. Anthomyiidae, Chironomidae, Calliphoridae, Polleniidae, Tachinidae and Tephritidae were represented by only one genus and one species. A nique Barcode Index Number (BIN) was allotted to Tachinidae (specie i.e Gonia ornata ). The results indicated that barcoding through cytochrome oxidase I is an effective approach for the accurate identification and genetic studies of Diptera species. This discovery highlights the significant diversity of this insect order in study region. Furthermore, a comprehensive list of other Diptera species remains elusive because of difficulties in distinguishing them, based on morphology and a lack of professional entomological knowledge.
