A view of the calandria vessel of a Canada deuterium uranium reactor [6]

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Context 1

... and constitutes the main structural material in the core. Pressure tubes are made of Zr-Nb. D 2 O coolant enters the tubes at 266°C and leaves at 310°C at a pressure of ~10 MPa [6]. Usually, 380-480 fuel channels making the reactor core are arranged in square geometry in a horizontal reactor vessel, called a calandria vessel, shown in Fig. 8. The reactor vessel is filled with a D 2 O moderator at a low temperature (< 71°C) and ~100 kPa pressure. The calandria vessel is not exposed to high temperatures or pressures and hence has a thickness of 2.86 cm and is made simply of ASTM 304L steel. A high-quality refractory steel alloy is not needed. Fitting the reactor vessel with ...

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... and is made simply of ASTM 304L steel. A high-quality refractory steel alloy is not needed. Fitting the reactor vessel with several meters of diameter at atmospheric pressure with a few centimeters of wall thickness requires only modest technology. Reactor coolant flows through the pressure tube, where the fuel rods are placed in fuel bundles. In Fig. 8, one can recognize the pressure tubes from one side of the reactor vessel. Under the on-power condition, the fresh fuel bundles are pushed into the reactor through the pressure tubes with a special loading machine from one side, while the depleted fuel bundles are discharged from the other side. On-power uploading and discharging lead ...