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![Figure 5: Trends in capacity requirements. Source [12]](profile/Morten-Falch/publication/278394260/figure/fig11/AS:267944026439691@1440894242345/Trends-in-capacity-requirements-Source-12_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 8: DSL capacity as a function of distance. Source [13]](profile/Morten-Falch/publication/278394260/figure/fig1/AS:267505541316671@1440789699836/DSL-capacity-as-a-function-of-distance-Source-13_Q320.jpg)
The need for broadband capacity in the access networks by 2020 is discussed in this paper. A large range of countries around the world has decided to strengthen their resolve to have their broadband infrastructures built out and upgraded. The size of bandwidth requirements is, however, not an issue, which has been subject to much analysis from an a...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... it should be noted that cable TV is a shared medium, and the available capacity is shared between several households. Figure 5 shows a typical example of how the capacity of the cable is used. It is obvious that as soon as analogue transmission of television is stopped, there will be more room for broadband. ...
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This study aims to determine the maturity of the websites of Portuguese small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) as a basic form of digital communication in the sequential process of incorporation of e-commerce. The starting premise is that there is a relationship between the level of maturity reached in the SMEs’ websites as digital tools that allow...
Citations
... ADSL is a two-way or duplex bandwidth devoted to the downstream direction, whereas only a small portion of the bandwidth is available for the upstream direction [80], [81]. SDSL has the same incoming and outgoing bandwidths and the data rate is the same in both directions. ...
A smart grid provides a bidirectional flow of electricity and information whilst ensuring well-balanced electricity supply and demand. The key enabler for the smart grid is its robust communication infrastructure. Choosing the best communication technology for the smart grid is crucial as it involves a mixture of critical and non-critical traffic. This study provides a comprehensive review on smart grid communication and its possible solutions for a reliable two-way communication toward supporting diversified power grid applications. Existing networking methods along with their advantages and weaknesses are highlighted for future research directions. The communication network architecture in the smart grid, with details on each networking technology, switching methods and medium for data communication, is critically reviewed to identify the existing research gaps. A discussion on issues and challenges encountered in smart grid communication for current implementation is highlighted together with the recommendations for further improvement. Overall, the highlighted issues and recommendations from this study are useful to researchers, technology providers and industries to develop new communication technologies for the smart grid that will provide reliable, robust, and suitable two-way communication in the future.
... With emerging standards (e.g. H.265/HEVC), 10Mb/s is su cient [36] for 1080p. So with 120 instances of a 2-hour movie concurrently streaming, total bandwidth per movie (allowing for 120 time-spaced replicas) is 1.2Gb/s. ...
Video on Demand (VoD) is a challenging area requiring complex server and distributed systems architectures. In this paper I describe an alternative implementation of VoD that exploits the growing affordability of fibre bandwidth to remove the latency problems of scaling up VoD. I call the general principle Information Mass Transit (IMT). By analogy with regular mass transit, making all traffic move in bulk without individual service variation makes for a much more efficient system. The core idea is to broadcast the same movie repeatedly at short intervals. To explicate the design, I set this interval at 1 minute, implying a latency of up to a minute to start a movie. However, this latency can be disguised if a user has a catalogue of movies that includes the first minute of each. Provided the number of users is much higher than the number of movies, this approach is affordable in terms of bandwidth and totally removes any need for servers or network infrastructure, beyond new connections for new users, to scale with the number of users. I call this approach Scalable Architecture for Video on Demand or SAVoD.
Link to full text here http://homes.cs.ru.ac.za/philip/Publications/_SAICSIT/savod17.html
... tablets, smart phones and TVs. Consequently, the data rates required to carry high quality multimedia services are becoming still higher [1,2]. Depending on the type of communication standard supported by the user's equipment, there are many ways to provide different wireless multimedia services offering different user experience. ...
... flexible channel bandwidths, frequency band, duplexing, modulation, and advanced audio coding) [8][9][10]. Furthermore, depending on the user equipment (UE) category (with up to 4 Â 4 antennas using 20 MHz of RF spectrum), it enables to achieve high peak downlink/uplink (%300/75 Mbit/s) bitrates and utilizes the radio frequency (RF) spectrum more efficiently than its predecessors [1]. ...
In the last decade, fulfilling the growing users’ expectations on the quality of provided multimedia services is one of the biggest challenges for different wireless communication systems. However, many times, different kinds of wireless systems can operate in the same (shared) frequency band. Such coexistence generally negatively affects the performance of the systems colliding. This is especially true for the widely used Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) or upcoming DVB-2nd Generation Terrestrial (DVB-T2) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standards, operating in Europe. Hence, the aim of this paper is to explore the impact of interfering mobile telecommunication services on the mobile TV services provided by LTE and DVB-T/T2 systems in the same frequency band. For the simulation of the coexistence between the LTE and DVB-T/T2 services on the physical layer level, an appropriate method is proposed and complex simulation tools are coupled. The results, presented as a dependence of modulation error ratio at the receiver input and bit error ratio at the channel decoder input on the spectral level ratio, show comparable performances for DVB-T and DVB-T2 systems. Results from simulations are verified by laboratory measurements and should help to better understand the influence of co-channel interferences from LTE mobile networks on DVB-T/T2 networks for mobile transmission scenarios.
... In sectors such as education and training, where online learning will be a major feature of future service delivery, the minimum requirement will be 100 Mbps for both uploading and downloading. Other service providers and even farmers will need to have similar broadband services as they will be engaging increasingly in file sharing with images, video, 3D models and teleconferences (Skouby, Falch, Henten & Tadayoni, 2014). ...
This is the second of a series of reviews for Small Enterprise Research that cover recently published research in the field of small business management and entrepreneurship. The focus of this review is on the impact of digital technology on small to medium enterprises (SMEs), in particular e-commerce, e-marketing and e-business implementation and strategy. A total of 16 papers published in 2013-2014 are reviewed summarising their methodology, findings and implications for research, education, policy and practice. The papers are discussed in four sub-categories. The first are those that deal with the importance of digital technology to the performance of SMEs. The second are those that focus on SMEs engagement with e-commerce and the third and fourth deal with SMEs engagement with e-business and e-marketing.
The term (E-Business) is described as an electronic business where we use an internet network to
empower business processes. To facilitate commercial activities, it requires intranets, extranets, and
other networks. E-businesses activities work for the events like sourcing, logistics, control of the
supply chain, fees, payments, Stock management, and the recording of orders, etc.
Definitions: Transforming the procedures of an enterprise to provide additional consumer value
through the implementation of the new economy's technology, ideologies, and computing paradigm. (J
Stephenson)
This paper addresses the issue of the backbone infrastructure capacity planning of WDM optical network related to upgrading of the existed fixed grid with the flexible grid technology. In order to determine the appropriate time for making the technology migration we propose a novel approach that is based on the penalty function as well as on the Blocking Bandwidth Ratio (BBR) metric. The penalty function depends on the forecasted traffic demands and relates to the congestion level of the considered link. According to these indicators the upgrade plan is determined. Through the case study the proposed approach is demonstrated.
Despite 5G still being embryonic in its development, there is already a quest for evidence to support decision-making in government and industry. Although there is still considerable technological, economic and behavioural uncertainty, exploration of how the potential rollout may take place both spatially and temporally is required for effective policy formulation. Consequently, the cost, coverage and rollout implications of 5G networks across Britain are explored by extrapolating 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced characteristics for the period 2020–2030. We focus on ubiquitous ultrafast broadband of 50 Mbps and test the impact of annual capital intensity, infrastructure sharing and reducing the end-user speed in rural areas to either 10 or 30 Mbps. For the business-as-usual scenario we find that 90% of the population is covered with 5G by 2027, but coverage is unlikely to reach the final 10% due to exponentially increasing costs. Moreover, varying annual capital intensity or deploying a shared small cell network can greatly influence the time taken to reach the 90% threshold, with these changes mostly benefiting rural areas. Importantly, simply by integrating new and existing spectrum, a network capable of achieving 10 Mbps per rural user is possible, which is comparable to the UK's current fixed broadband Universal Service Obligation. We contribute to the literature by quantifying the effectiveness of the spatial and temporal rollout of 5G under different policy options.
In the near future, besides the first and second generation Digital Video Broadcasting -Terrestrial (DVB-T/T2) standards, the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system will be the most widespread to provide multimedia services in excellent quality, mainly in Europe. These systems can operate in a shared UHF frequency band and significantly affect the performance of the systems colliding. This paper deals with the study of co-channel coexistence between DVB-T/H and LTE systems in a shared frequency band. To measure the impact of the interfering LTE RF signal (with various bandwidths and RF signal levels) on the DVB-T/H one, an appropriate measurement testbed is realized. Objective parameters (namely bit and modulation error ratio) are used to evaluate the overall influence of the LTE mobile services on the DVB-T/H digital TV services. Finally, to explore the impact of the interference effects on DVB-T/H TV signal a digital video quality analyzer is used.
