Fig 21 - uploaded by Reza Hashemian
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... shown in Fig. 21. The design criteria set for this amplifier requires that both the input offset voltage V G and the output offset voltage V O , remain stable at 0.5V. Hence, we have two design criteria to fulfill and need two fixators to fix V IN = 0.5 V and V OUT = 0.5 V. The circuit with fixator (or rather nullator)-norator pairs is shown in Fig. 22. Next, because the supply voltage V DD is already specified for the design at V DD = 1V, we need to focus on finding the two current sources (mirrors), as power-conducting components. So we can replace the current sources with two norators and simulate the circuit (Fig. 22). The SPICE simulation finds the currents flowing through the ...
Context 2
... V. The circuit with fixator (or rather nullator)-norator pairs is shown in Fig. 22. Next, because the supply voltage V DD is already specified for the design at V DD = 1V, we need to focus on finding the two current sources (mirrors), as power-conducting components. So we can replace the current sources with two norators and simulate the circuit (Fig. 22). The SPICE simulation finds the currents flowing through the norators as I 1 = 1.26 μA and I 2 = 21 μA. This means we can replace the norators with two current sources at the designated locations, as they were before. Note, in this example, that the choice of two current sources replacing the norators is only one option. Here the ...
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