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This study aimed to synthesize theranostic agent targeting C6 rat glioma cell, which was based on the dextran coated paramagnetic gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (D-PGONs) conjugated with folic acid (FA) or paclitaxel (PTX). The D-PGONs were synthesized by the
in situ
coprecipitation method, and the average value of the size distribution was 2.9 nm....
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Iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as typical theranostic nanoagents have been popularly used in various biomedical applications. Conventional core-shell MNPs are usually synthesized from inside to outside. This method has strict requirements on the interface properties of magnetic cores and the precursors of the coating shell. The shap...
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... The above study showed that folic acid and paclitaxel conjugated D-PGONs can be employed as efficacious T 1 -weighted positive MRI CAs as well as a target specific MRI theranostic agents for C6 rat glioma cells. [98] Ebadi and co-workers have also described the synthesis of polyethylene glycol coated and 5-fluorouracil/Mg/Al-or Zn/Allayered double hydroxide co-coated magnetite NPs as potential MRI nanotheranostics. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of FPEG, FPEG-MLDH, FPEG-ZLDH, 5-fluorouracil, core-shell nanoparticles, FPVA-FU-MLDH and FPVA-FU-ZLDH was ascertained on HepG2 liver cancer cells. ...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non‐invasive molecular imaging tool being extensively employed in clinical and biomedical research for the detection of a broad spectrum of diseases. This technique offers remarkable spatial resolution, good tissue penetration and a high soft tissue contrast. Contrast agents (CAs) have been regularly used in MRI tests to enhance the resolution of MR images and to visualize the diseased sites in the body. In the past years, considerable efforts have been devoted towards developing new theranostic MRI agents that can be tailored to integrate the targeting and therapeutic functions in a single agent. In this review, we have underlined the role of the MRI CAs in the developing field of ‘theranostics’ and their recent applications in the combined imaging and therapy of different types of tumors. In addition, this review also outlines the different categories of MRI CAs and their comprehensive classification based on different criteria such as chemical composition, relaxation mechanism and biodistribution with clinically relevant examples.
... Additionally, exceptional magnetic targeting capabilities have been observed in vitro and in vivo, which helps to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy. Hong et al. (2016) produced therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticles or glioma cells for mice C6. These particles were composed of gadolinium(III) oxide NPs (Gd 2 O 3 ) covered with dextran conjugated with folic acid (FA) or paclitaxel (PTX). ...
Nanomedicine and nano drug delivery systems are pretty new but swiftly evolving sciences that use na-noscale materials as diagnostic tools for the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents to specific sites. Nanotechnology offers many benefits in the treatment of chronic human diseases by providing accurate medicines to specific target areas. Recently, nanomedicines (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents, etc.) have found many important uses in the treatment of various diseases. This chapter summarizes the latest developments in nanomedicine and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and describes the discovery and use of nanomaterials to improve the efficacy of new and old drugs (such as natural products) and diagnosis by disease marker molecule. It also discusses the potential and challenges of nanomedicines in delivering medicines from synthetic/natural sources for their clinical applications. Moreover, this chapter also includes the trends and prospects in nanomedicine.
... In addition, excellent in vitro and in vivo magnetic targeting ability was observed, contributing to the efficacy of enhanced photodynamic therapy. Hong et al. [64] prepared theranostic nanoparticles or glioma cells of C6 mice. These particles comprised of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles coated with folic acid-conjugated dextran (FA) or paclitaxel (PTX). ...
Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a relatively new but rapidly developing science where materials in the nanoscale range are employed to serve as means of diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to specific targeted sites in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology offers multiple benefits in treating chronic human diseases by site-specific, and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines. Recently, there are a number of outstanding applications of the nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents etc.) in the treatment of various diseases. The current review, presents an updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano based drug delivery systems through comprehensive scrutiny of the discovery and application of nanomaterials in improving both the efficacy of novel and old drugs (e.g., natural products) and selective diagnosis through disease marker molecules. The opportunities and challenges of nanomedicines in drug delivery from synthetic/natural sources to their clinical applications are also discussed. In addition, we have included information regarding the trends and perspectives in nanomedicine area.
Nanosized magnetic materials produce magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which are a class of nanomaterials that can be affected by an external static/alternating magnetic field. Biomedical applications of MNPs can be classified according to their unique properties obtained in the presence or removal of the external magnetic field. During the past decade, magnetite nanoparticles have received increasing attention in the medical field, from diagnosis, imaging to therapeutic and cellular/tissue engineering by having unique physicochemical properties, intrinsic catalytic properties and approved products. So here, we have tried to introduce the various physicochemical aspects of MNPs, approaches in the design and fabrication of nanomaterials, and the reason for their application in a particular field of biomedicine. Moreover, in each part with insist on limitations, a perspective is presented which can guide a researcher to develop or modify new scaffolds for cellular/tissue engineering opportunities.
Nanomedicine are a relatively new but quickly expanding discipline in which tiny materials are used as diagnostic instruments or to administer therapeutic drugs to particular targets in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology provides a number of advantages in the treatment of chronic human diseases by allowing precise medications to be delivered to particular locations. There have been several notable uses of nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents, etc.) in the treatment of various illnesses in recent years. Neverthless, In current scenario there are phytochemicals are also present whom are responsible for prevention of devastating diseases. In this review it has been highlighted that there are real possible outcomes present, in the case of the combined treatment strategies of phytochemicals and nanoparticles. Eventually, this combined drug delivery system play crucial role in anti-cancer, anti-alzehimar, anti-bacterial and many more complicated maladies. We also focused on the preclinical and clinical study regarding the drug delivery system. Here, the types of phytochemicals along with their bioavilability also mentioned. Additionally, the Nanomedicines' advantages and disadvantages in drug delivery from synthetic to natural sources to clinical applications are also explored. In addition, we've added information about nanomedicine's developments by attaching with phytochemicals with respect to the diseases and future prospects.
Among all central nervous diseases, malignant glioma is a crucial part that deserves more attention since high fatality and disability rate. There are several therapeutic strategies applied to the treatment of malignant glioma, especially certain chemotherapy-related treatments. However, the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) seriously hinders the strategy's progress, so how to escape from the barriers is a fascinating question. Herein, we comprehensively discussed the details of malignant glioma and the BBB's functional morphology and summarized several routes bypassing the BBB. Additionally, since possessing excellent properties for drug delivery, we provided an insight into various promising natural polymeric materials and highlighted their applications in the treatment of malignant glioma.
Purpose: This report presents novel nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (NPDDS) aiming to targeting chemo-proton therapy (TCPT) to improve the therapeutic efficacy on brain cancer treatments.
Materials and methods: A NPDDS, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with folate and paclitaxel, was synthesized and applied to C6 brain cancer cell line that was prepared for targeting chemo-proton therapy. The characterization of NPDDS was analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The uptake of NPDDS into the cytoplasm of C6 cells was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The therapeutic efficacy of proton beam was quantitatively evaluated by flow cytometry and clonogenic assay at various radiation dose.
Results: NPDDS was synthesized in the uniform size distribution with a mean diameter of 5.44 ± 0.70 nm, and it showed no significant cytotoxicity at the concentration lower than 200 ng/mL. Radiosensitization enhancement factors of PTX, D-SPIONs and FA-PTX-D-SPIONs were 1.35, 1.16 and 1.52, respectively.
Conclusions: It was demonstrated that TCPT improved the therapeutic efficacy of the proton beam therapy when the synthesized novel NPDDS was administrated. The improvement in therapeutic efficacy was achieved by the synergetic effect of drug delivery increased by FA, radiosensitivity increased by PTX and absorption of proton energy increased by SPIONs.
Ultrasmall gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles coated with dextran ( r=1500 amu) were prepared through one-pot synthesis and their potential to act as a T1 MRI contrast agent was investigated. The dextran-coated ultrasmall Gd2O3 nanoparticles were highly water-dispersible, with an average particle diameter of 1.5 nm and an average hydrodynamic diameter of 12.4 nm, and non-toxic, as determined in a cellular cytotoxicity test. The longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) water proton relaxivities were estimated to be 12.2 and 29.3 s−1mM−1 (r2/r1=2.4), respectively, larger than those of commercial Gd-chelates. This r1 value is also greater than those for previously reported dextran-coated large Gd2O3 nanoparticles with particle diameter bigger than 20 nm. Positive contrast magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained after intravenous injection of a sample solution into a mouse tail, demonstrating the potential of dextran-coated ultrasmall Gd2O3 nanoparticles as a T1 MRI contrast agent.
