A spider's view of Sphagnum capillifolium. Photo by Michael Lüth.  

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... studies dealing directly with spiders and preferred moss species are known to us. Most information is scattered in the literature, and in most instances only relate spider habitats in respect to mosses to higher taxonomical levels such as "among moss" or "in Sphagnum bogs" (Figure 1). ...

Context 2

... even broader term of peatlands can include grasses and sedges with no or few mosses and lacking Sphagnum completely. Although authors often did not distinguish the substrate used by the spiders, it is reasonable to surmise that the spiders' presence was because the mosses that dominate the ground surface of the bog or fen provided the conditions needed for their lives (Figure 1), even if that is to provide a habitat suitable for shrubs and trees that the spiders inhabit. Sphagnum (Figure 2), especially, plays a large role in creating those conditions. ...

Context 3

... moisture relations of spiders in bogs are reflected in the ability of the bogs to support species that are also common in marshes and other wetlands. For example, in Poland Kupryjanowicz (2003) found some of the most common sphagnophilous species, including Hahniidae: Antistea elegans (Figure 9), Lycosidae: Pardosa sphagnicola (Figure 8), Pirata tenuitarsis ( Figure 10), and P. uliginosus (Figure 33) in the sedge-moss marshes. ...

Context 4

... peat bog species present in these marshes were the Gnaphosidae: Drassyllus lutetianus ( Figure 11) and Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12) -a species mostly restricted to Sphagnum carpets of moors in Germany (Platen 2004), and Salticidae: Neon valentulus ( Figure 13). The Linyphiidae were also present, represented by Aphileta misera (Figure 36), but this family is much more species-rich elsewhere. ...

Context 5

... peat bog species present in these marshes were the Gnaphosidae: Drassyllus lutetianus ( Figure 11) and Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12) -a species mostly restricted to Sphagnum carpets of moors in Germany (Platen 2004), and Salticidae: Neon valentulus ( Figure 13). The Linyphiidae were also present, represented by Aphileta misera (Figure 36), but this family is much more species-rich elsewhere. ...

Context 6

... peat bog species present in these marshes were the Gnaphosidae: Drassyllus lutetianus ( Figure 11) and Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12) -a species mostly restricted to Sphagnum carpets of moors in Germany (Platen 2004), and Salticidae: Neon valentulus ( Figure 13). The Linyphiidae were also present, represented by Aphileta misera (Figure 36), but this family is much more species-rich elsewhere. ...

Context 7

... the other hand, it appears that many of the spiders in bogs are actually xerophiles (dry-loving), permitting them to survive the dry heat of summer in exposed areas of the bog. For example, Walckenaeria furcillata ( Figure 14; Linyphiidae) is a widespread species that occurs not only under heather and scrub, and among mosses and grasses on acid heathland, but also occurs in deciduous woodlands, calcareous grassland, and fens (Dawson et al. in prep). Synageles hilarulus (Figure 15; Salticidae) is a sub-boreal species (Logunov 1996) that runs about in search of food, but in the Meditterranean region, it occurs in grassland (Telfer et al. 2003). ...

Context 8

... example, Walckenaeria furcillata ( Figure 14; Linyphiidae) is a widespread species that occurs not only under heather and scrub, and among mosses and grasses on acid heathland, but also occurs in deciduous woodlands, calcareous grassland, and fens (Dawson et al. in prep). Synageles hilarulus (Figure 15; Salticidae) is a sub-boreal species (Logunov 1996) that runs about in search of food, but in the Meditterranean region, it occurs in grassland (Telfer et al. 2003). Trochosa robusta (Figure 16; Lycosidae) lives predominately on dry grassland of limestone, but can also be found on the oligotrophic moors (Platen 2004). ...

Context 9

... hilarulus (Figure 15; Salticidae) is a sub-boreal species (Logunov 1996) that runs about in search of food, but in the Meditterranean region, it occurs in grassland (Telfer et al. 2003). Trochosa robusta (Figure 16; Lycosidae) lives predominately on dry grassland of limestone, but can also be found on the oligotrophic moors (Platen 2004). ...

Context 10

... it is sometimes difficult to separate the effects of temperature from those of moisture, certainly the Sphagnum (Figure 1) mat provides a gradient of both, as seen in Table 1. The surface experiences greater extremes of both (Figure 83), making the mat a suitable refuge for some spider species. ...

Context 11

... differences between surface Chapter 7-4: Arthropods: Spiders and Peatlands 7-4-7 conditions and those within the peat layer can provide adequate niche separations in a short vertical distance. Nørgaard (1951) cites the vertical separation of two members of Lycosidae, Pirata piraticus ( Figure 17) and Pardosa pullata (as Lycosa pullata; Figure 18- Figure 19), in a Danish Sphagnum bog in relation to temperature and humidity. Pirata piraticus lives among the Sphagnum stalks (Figure 4) where the relative humidity remains a constant 100% and the temperature varies only about 5°C within a day. ...

Context 12

... differences between surface Chapter 7-4: Arthropods: Spiders and Peatlands 7-4-7 conditions and those within the peat layer can provide adequate niche separations in a short vertical distance. Nørgaard (1951) cites the vertical separation of two members of Lycosidae, Pirata piraticus ( Figure 17) and Pardosa pullata (as Lycosa pullata; Figure 18- Figure 19), in a Danish Sphagnum bog in relation to temperature and humidity. Pirata piraticus lives among the Sphagnum stalks (Figure 4) where the relative humidity remains a constant 100% and the temperature varies only about 5°C within a day. ...

Context 13

... differences between surface Chapter 7-4: Arthropods: Spiders and Peatlands 7-4-7 conditions and those within the peat layer can provide adequate niche separations in a short vertical distance. Nørgaard (1951) cites the vertical separation of two members of Lycosidae, Pirata piraticus ( Figure 17) and Pardosa pullata (as Lycosa pullata; Figure 18- Figure 19), in a Danish Sphagnum bog in relation to temperature and humidity. Pirata piraticus lives among the Sphagnum stalks (Figure 4) where the relative humidity remains a constant 100% and the temperature varies only about 5°C within a day. ...

Context 14

... piraticus lives among the Sphagnum stalks (Figure 4) where the relative humidity remains a constant 100% and the temperature varies only about 5°C within a day. At the surface (Figure 1), however, where Pardosa pullata lives, the humidity varies between 40 and 100% on a single day with temperature variations up to 30°C within a day. Pardosa pullata is physiologically adapted to this fluctuation, with a higher temperature preference and a higher thermal death point than those of Pirata piraticus. ...

Context 15

... the larger spiders, especially the Lycosidae, are more common on peatlands, especially during restoration, than in other bryological habitats. Gnaphosa nigerrima [6.7-9.1 mm (Grimm 1985); Figure 12; Gnaphosidae] is widespread in northern Europe and Asia, where it is common on Sphagnum lawns (Figure 1). Its presence in pitfall traps among Sphagnum (Harvey et al. 2002) reflects its ability to run about swiftly at night. ...

Context 16

... the larger spiders, especially the Lycosidae, are more common on peatlands, especially during restoration, than in other bryological habitats. Gnaphosa nigerrima [6.7-9.1 mm (Grimm 1985); Figure 12; Gnaphosidae] is widespread in northern Europe and Asia, where it is common on Sphagnum lawns (Figure 1). Its presence in pitfall traps among Sphagnum (Harvey et al. 2002) reflects its ability to run about swiftly at night. ...

Context 17

... species occurred only in the bog, but were not necessarily bryophyte inhabitants and were often represented by only one or two individuals. The dominant species were members of the Lycosidae: Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21) (30%), Trochosa spinipalpis ( Figure 22) (22%), and Pirata hygrophilus ( Figure 23) (10%), all reported elsewhere in this chapter as important species in bogs or fens. Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12; Gnaphosidae), likewise reported elsewhere in this subchapter, occurred on hummocks (Komposch 2000) in an area where peat was formerly harvested (Rupp 1999). ...

Context 18

... dominant species were members of the Lycosidae: Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21) (30%), Trochosa spinipalpis ( Figure 22) (22%), and Pirata hygrophilus ( Figure 23) (10%), all reported elsewhere in this chapter as important species in bogs or fens. Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12; Gnaphosidae), likewise reported elsewhere in this subchapter, occurred on hummocks (Komposch 2000) in an area where peat was formerly harvested (Rupp 1999). (Figure 8) (14,32, and 34% of spiders at three sites) and in the Vaccinium uliginosum pinetum, Pirata uliginosus ( Figure 33) with 19 and 24% at two sites and 39% at another site. ...

Context 19

... found that spider communities of the southern sites (hemiboreal) differed from the boreal sites of coniferous taiga and those north of the taiga. In the hemiboreal zone, the Lycosidae were dominant, led by Pirata uliginosus (Figure 33), along with Pardosa pullata ( Figure 18-Figure 19), whereas the Lycosidae Pardosa sphagnicola ( Figure 8) and P. hyperborea ( Figure 48) were dominant in the boreal zones. Hilaira nubigena (Figure 30; Linyphiidae) and Pardosa atrata were dominant north of the taiga. ...

Context 20

... subchapter likewise includes a number of species of Walckenaeria from bogs and fens. In addition to these, Millidge (1983) reported several from "boggy areas" in North America and Greenland, including W. clavicornis (Figure 59), W. redneri, W. castanea (Figure 31), and W. prominens. Among these, only W. castanea was identified as being in a Sphagnum bog. ...

Context 21

... a study of the Sphagnum (Figure 1) habitats of northwest Russia, Oliger (2004) reported that Antistea elegans (Figure 9; Hahniidae), Arctosa alpigena ( Figure 47; Lycosidae) (as Tricca alpigena), and Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12; Gnaphosidae), all species reported for bogs elsewhere in this subchapter, were numerous in bogs but rare in forests. Biström and Pajunen (1989) considered that the hahniid Antistea elegans (Figure 9) might be a bog specialist, with 1.4 individuals per square meter in one site in Finland, but Kupryjanowicz (2003) has reported it from marshes in Poland. ...

Context 22

... a study of the Sphagnum (Figure 1) habitats of northwest Russia, Oliger (2004) reported that Antistea elegans (Figure 9; Hahniidae), Arctosa alpigena ( Figure 47; Lycosidae) (as Tricca alpigena), and Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12; Gnaphosidae), all species reported for bogs elsewhere in this subchapter, were numerous in bogs but rare in forests. Biström and Pajunen (1989) considered that the hahniid Antistea elegans (Figure 9) might be a bog specialist, with 1.4 individuals per square meter in one site in Finland, but Kupryjanowicz (2003) has reported it from marshes in Poland. ...

Context 23

... Semljicola faustus is known from mosses among heather in the Faroe Islands (Bengtson & Hauge 1979;Holm 1980) & Hajer 1996). Glyphesis cottonae (Figure 41; Linyphiidae) and Centromerus levitarsis (Figure 42; Linyphiidae) are specialists among Sphagnum in acid mires; Dawson et al. (in prep.) report C. levitarsis from Sphagnum in damp woodlands and moors in Great Britain. ...

Context 24

... hygrophilus (Figure 45; Lycosidae) was the most frequent species in the area, but it has a widespread habitat range, including the ground layer of damp woodlands, raised bogs, lowland heaths, marshy grassland, but especially associated with open water (Harvey et al. 2002). Trochosa terricola ( Figure 20- Figure 21; Lycosidae) was the most abundant and is known from woodland, grassland, heathland and industrial sites, hiding under stones and logs; it prefers dry, heathy conditions to bogs and marshes (Harvey et al. 2002). ...

Context 25

... T. spinipalpis ( Figure 22) among these abundant spiders prefers damp places, but even it occurs widely in bogs, wet heath, damp meadows, fens, and marshland. On the Austrian raised bogs, Trochosa terricola (Figure 20- Figure 21) and T. spinipalpis were sympatric (have overlapping distributions) and formed the spider coenosis there. The floating mat bog seemed to be the preferred habitat for Pirata piscatorius (Figure 44). ...

Context 26

... Poland, Kupryjanowicz et al. (1998) found that the rarest species and those that could be labelled tyrphobionts were present on the more sunlit peat bogs. Among the most numerous of these rare species were Gnaphosidae: Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26); Linyphiidae: Glyphesis cottonae ( Figure 41 (Figure 32) and Cobanus cambridgei? (as Talavera westringi;see Platnick 2013); and Theridiidae: Theonoe minutissima ( Figure 35). ...

Context 27

... Theonoe minutissima occurs among mosses in woods of the Tyne Valley, UK (Jackson 1906) and in peat bogs as well as among stony debris in North Bohemia (Růžička & Jaher 1996). Other rare species in Poland bogs incuded Clubionidae: Clubiona norvegica (Figure 34 -also in moorland in the UK); Gnaphosidae: Haplodrassus moderatus (Figure 49 -also in mosses of forests in Denmark) and Zelotes aeneus ( Figure 50); Linyphiidae: Aphileta misera (Figure 36 -also in marshes in the UK), Centromerus semiater (Figure 51), and Ceraticelus bulbosus (as Ceraticelus sibiricus) ( Figure 52); Lycosidae: Pirata insularis, P. tenuitarsis (Figure 10 -also in marshes in Poland), and Zora armillata ( Figure 53); and Mimetidae: Ero cambridgei (Figure 54-Figure 55). The percentage of rare species ranged from 3.5% to 8.3%. 1 Photo by Gintautas Steiblys. ...

Context 28

... Theonoe minutissima occurs among mosses in woods of the Tyne Valley, UK (Jackson 1906) and in peat bogs as well as among stony debris in North Bohemia (Růžička & Jaher 1996). Other rare species in Poland bogs incuded Clubionidae: Clubiona norvegica (Figure 34 -also in moorland in the UK); Gnaphosidae: Haplodrassus moderatus (Figure 49 -also in mosses of forests in Denmark) and Zelotes aeneus ( Figure 50); Linyphiidae: Aphileta misera (Figure 36 -also in marshes in the UK), Centromerus semiater (Figure 51), and Ceraticelus bulbosus (as Ceraticelus sibiricus) ( Figure 52); Lycosidae: Pirata insularis, P. tenuitarsis (Figure 10 -also in marshes in Poland), and Zora armillata ( Figure 53); and Mimetidae: Ero cambridgei (Figure 54-Figure 55). The percentage of rare species ranged from 3.5% to 8.3%. 1 Photo by Gintautas Steiblys. ...

Context 29

... norvegica (Figure 34; Clubionidae), Walckenaeria kochi, (Figure 57) and W. clavicornis (Figure 59; Linyphiidae) are primarily known from acid (Sphagnum) mires in Britain, but they are not restricted to this habitat (see Chapter 7-2). Pirata tenuitarsis (Figure 10; Lycosidae) usually lives among Sphagnum near bog pools. Do they require this habitat, or do they benefit from lack of a predator or competing species? ...

Context 30

... they require this habitat, or do they benefit from lack of a predator or competing species? Maelfait et al. (1995) found that Gongylidiellum latebricola (Figure 61; Linyphiidae) was one such species, with its presence correlating with the presence of Sphagnum in riverine forests in Flanders, Belgium. But what is the role of Sphagnum in such habitats? ...

Context 31

... Russia, two members of Lycosidae, Pardosa atrata and Pirata piscatorius (Figure 44), occur commonly in bogs, but are absent from forests (Oliger 2004). Antistea elegans (Figure 9; Hahniidae), Gnaphosa nigerrima ( Figure 12; Gnaphosidae), and Arctosa alpigena ( Figure 47; Lycosidae) (as Tricca alpigena) were numerous in bogs, rare in forests. On the other hand, four Lycosidae were dominant in both bogs (48%) and forests (52%) in this study: Alopecosa pulverulenta (Figure 62), Pardosa sphagnicola ( Figure 8), P. hyperborea (Figure 48), and Pirata uliginosus (Figure 33). Figure 18-Figure 19; Lycosidae). ...

Context 32

... the other hand, four Lycosidae were dominant in both bogs (48%) and forests (52%) in this study: Alopecosa pulverulenta (Figure 62), Pardosa sphagnicola ( Figure 8), P. hyperborea (Figure 48), and Pirata uliginosus (Figure 33). Figure 18-Figure 19; Lycosidae). Pirata hygrophilus (Figure 23; Lycosidae) was an indicator species for bogs. ...

Context 33

... might be expected, marshlands can have similar species to those of bogs. Gnaphosa nigerrima (Figure 12; Gnaphosidae) occurs in Sphagnum lawns (Boyce 2004) as well as in marshes (Kupryjanowicz 2003). On the other hand, Carorita limnaea ( Figure 66); Linyphiidae) not only lives in very wet acid Sphagnum mires (Boyce 2004), but also in mixed coniferous woods (Pickavance & Dondale 2005), another typically acid habitat. ...

Context 34

... they contain plenty of loose bark and rotten wood, much preferred hiding places for many spider species. The orb weaver Araneus marmoreus ( Figure 69-Figure 71; Araneidae) is frequently found in wooded wetlands, constructing its web usually at heights above 1.5 m ( Harvey et al. 2002). The long-jawed orb weaver, Tetragnatha nigrita (Figure 72; Tetragnathidae), is largely confined to branches of birch and other trees growing on Sphagnum bogs and fens, and is only rarely found on the same tree species growing outside bogs and fens. ...

Context 35

... moss- associated spider species of the bogs appear to have a very scattered distribution, being found only in a few widely separated bogs, e.g. Robertus ungulatus (Figure 73; Theridiidae), Clubiona norvegica ( Figure 34; Clubionidae), Glyphesis cottonae ( Figure 41; Linyphiidae), and Carorita limnaea (Figure 66; Linyphiidae). This is puzzling since the dispersal capacity usually is high for spiders. ...

Context 36

... two spiders live in close proximity to each other, but their microdistribution vertically is very different. Pardosa pullata (4-6 mm length) prefers moist habitats, where it runs about on the surface of the closely knit Sphagnum capitula (plant tops; Figure 1), although in Great Britain the maritime climate permits it to be quite ubiquitous. In Denmark, Nørgaard found a mean of 12 individuals per square meter on the surface of the Sphagnum carpet in mid July. ...

Context 37

... species hibernate while they are still immature. Pardosa pullata (Figure 78) hibernates in tussocks of rush, sedge, and Polytrichum turfs (Figure 81). These locations keep it safely above the water surface even during winter floods. ...

Context 38

... categories were assigned as follows: Common = 1, Local = 2, Notable B = 4, Notable A = 8, RDB3 = 16, RDB2 = 32 and RDB1 = 64. For example, Heliophanus dampfi ( Figure 32; Salticidae) was assigned 32 points and Gnaphosa nigerrima ( Figure 12; Gnaphosidae), the rarest species, 64 points ( Harvey et al. 2002). The species-area curve indicates the steepness of the curve as each species is added to the list. ...

Context 39

... interesting phenomenon was that the spiders, even though they were the same species, were darker in color in the burned over bog (Spuògis et al. 2005). This was especially true in Ozyptila trux (Figure 91; Linyphiidae), a slow-moving spider (Stewart 2001) that probably survived the fire. Spuògis and coworkers suggested that this darker color was in response to the dark color of the burned peat, perhaps due to greater predation on more visible light- colored individuals. ...

Context 40

... such as the Linyphiidae Agyneta cauta, Micrargus apertus ( Figure 96), and Oryphantes angulatus, and Robertus lividus (Figure 97; Theridiidae), live in deep layers of moss and probably are able to survive fire (Spuògis et al. 2005). Agyneta cauta (Linyphiidae), Tenuiphantes cristatus (Figure 98; Linyphiidae), Phrurolithus festivus ( Figure 99; Corinnidae), Alopecosa pulverulenta (Figure 100; Lycosidae), and Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Figure 101; Lycosidae) are active in the upper layer of Sphagnum, but it is possible that they likewise retreated deep into the moss to escape the heat and dryness of the fire. Gnaphosa bicolor (Figure 102; Gnaphosidae) and Porrhomma pallidum (Figure 103; Linyphiidae) were probably early invaders -they are species not typical of peatland. ...

Context 41

... such as the Linyphiidae Agyneta cauta, Micrargus apertus ( Figure 96), and Oryphantes angulatus, and Robertus lividus (Figure 97; Theridiidae), live in deep layers of moss and probably are able to survive fire (Spuògis et al. 2005). Agyneta cauta (Linyphiidae), Tenuiphantes cristatus (Figure 98; Linyphiidae), Phrurolithus festivus ( Figure 99; Corinnidae), Alopecosa pulverulenta (Figure 100; Lycosidae), and Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Figure 101; Lycosidae) are active in the upper layer of Sphagnum, but it is possible that they likewise retreated deep into the moss to escape the heat and dryness of the fire. Gnaphosa bicolor (Figure 102; Gnaphosidae) and Porrhomma pallidum (Figure 103; Linyphiidae) were probably early invaders -they are species not typical of peatland. ...

Context 42

... cauta (Linyphiidae), Tenuiphantes cristatus (Figure 98; Linyphiidae), Phrurolithus festivus ( Figure 99; Corinnidae), Alopecosa pulverulenta (Figure 100; Lycosidae), and Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Figure 101; Lycosidae) are active in the upper layer of Sphagnum, but it is possible that they likewise retreated deep into the moss to escape the heat and dryness of the fire. Gnaphosa bicolor (Figure 102; Gnaphosidae) and Porrhomma pallidum (Figure 103; Linyphiidae) were probably early invaders -they are species not typical of peatland. Aulonia albimana (Figure 104; Lycosidae) is likewise a probable invader; its activity is restricted to the surface except for its retreat in Sphagnum (Spuògis et al. 2005). ...

Context 43

... cauta (Linyphiidae), Tenuiphantes cristatus (Figure 98; Linyphiidae), Phrurolithus festivus ( Figure 99; Corinnidae), Alopecosa pulverulenta (Figure 100; Lycosidae), and Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Figure 101; Lycosidae) are active in the upper layer of Sphagnum, but it is possible that they likewise retreated deep into the moss to escape the heat and dryness of the fire. Gnaphosa bicolor (Figure 102; Gnaphosidae) and Porrhomma pallidum (Figure 103; Linyphiidae) were probably early invaders -they are species not typical of peatland. Aulonia albimana (Figure 104; Lycosidae) is likewise a probable invader; its activity is restricted to the surface except for its retreat in Sphagnum (Spuògis et al. 2005). ...

Context 44

... bicolor (Figure 102; Gnaphosidae) and Porrhomma pallidum (Figure 103; Linyphiidae) were probably early invaders -they are species not typical of peatland. Aulonia albimana (Figure 104; Lycosidae) is likewise a probable invader; its activity is restricted to the surface except for its retreat in Sphagnum (Spuògis et al. 2005). The tiny Linyphiidae most likely were least able to survive the fire (Hauge & Kvamme 1983); their small size would make them gain heat faster and lose water faster, at the same time preventing them from moving very far. ...

Context 45

... this case, 50 spider species were located in the burned plots and only 45 in the control plots, with 26 species common to both. Species present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). ...

Context 46

... this case, 50 spider species were located in the burned plots and only 45 in the control plots, with 26 species common to both. Species present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). ...

Context 47

... this case, 50 spider species were located in the burned plots and only 45 in the control plots, with 26 species common to both. Species present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). ...

Context 48

... this case, 50 spider species were located in the burned plots and only 45 in the control plots, with 26 species common to both. Species present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). ...

Context 49

... this case, 50 spider species were located in the burned plots and only 45 in the control plots, with 26 species common to both. Species present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). ...

Context 50

... this case, 50 spider species were located in the burned plots and only 45 in the control plots, with 26 species common to both. Species present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). ...

Context 51

... present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). Gnaphosa microps likewise disappeared after fire in Latvian bogs (Spuògis et al. 2005). ...

Context 52

... present in burned plots but not in the control bogs included Lycosidae: four species of Pardosa, Alopecosa aculeata (Figure 90), and Trochosa terricola (Figure 20-Figure 21); Liocranidae: Agroeca ornata ( Figure 105); Linyphiidae (Erigoninae): Erigone atra (Figure 106), Pocadicnemis americana (Figure 107), and Tunagyna debilis (Figure 108), and Bathyphantes pallidus (Figure 109; Linyphiinae). The control bogs also had unique species that apparently were unable to survive the fire: Hogna frondicola ( Figure 110; Lycosidae); Gnaphosa microps ( Figure 26; Gnaphosidae), and Neoantistea agilis (Figure 111; Hahniidae). Gnaphosa microps likewise disappeared after fire in Latvian bogs (Spuògis et al. 2005). ...