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A simplify scheme depicting the interactions between cellular redox state and participation in ROS scavenging mechanisms. Oxidative stress is an unavoidable consequence of environmental stresses. ROS accumulation begins in chloroplasts and then it spreads throughout the whole cell. Activation of a secondary ROS sources e.g. NADPH oxidase complexes or photorespiration resulted in substantial H2O2 accumulation in cytosol. To avoid deleterious effects of ROS several compartment-specific mechanisms evolved, including accumulation of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbate), scavenging enzymes (catalases CAT, ascorbate peroxidases APX, and sodium dismutases SOD) and protein thiols (peroxiredoxins PRX, glutaredoxins GRX, and thioredoxins TRX) that undergoes a reversible cycles the thiol-disulphide exchange. The redox-sensitive proteins sense, transduce, and translate ROS signals into appropriate cellular responses. Thus, precise regulation of size and redox status of the thiol pool is of essential importance for induction of appropriate responses. In plant cells glutathione is present in different compartments in milimolar concentrations and in quiescence it maintained largely in reduced state due to activity of glutathione reductases (GR) at expense of NADPH. Stress-induced ROS accumulation stimulates oxidation of glutathione (GSSG) and in the same time de novo synthesis of GSH. Disturbances in GSH/GSSG ratio might non-specifically influence several downstream pathways, e.g. by induction of thiol-disulfide exchange on target proteins. Cellular redox potential depends primarily on the total concentration of the total glutathione and the extend of its oxidation. GSSG accumulation did not disturb the redox potential if it is compensated by increasing the total glutathione concentration. However, if size of total pool remains unchanged when the GSH:GSSG ratio increased the cell redox potential in the cytosol become more positive. We propose that the improved stress tolerance of annexin STANN1-overexpressing potato plants results from amelioration of oxidative shift of the cytosolic glutathione redox potential. Elevation of STANN1 level had a pleiotropic effect on plant metabolism and physiology what suggested that not one specific but several downstream signaling pathways were touched. Disruption of the glutathione redox potential is sufficient to induce such effect; e.g., in transgenic tobacco with constitutive up-regulation of glutathione content MAPK and SA signaling pathways were modified. Annexin posses oxidation-sensitive cysteines and can act as a reductant influencing thus the redox potential. During stress in transgenic plants the capacity of cytosol redox buffer was more reducing compared to WT what prevents oxidation of downstream targets and modulate timing as well as magnitude of stress response. It had a beneficial effect on cell survival, photosynthesis and delay senescence. Similar effects were observed in tobacco and Arabidopsis plants and over-expressing particular elements of antioxidant systems.
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Annexins are a family of calcium- and membrane-binding proteins that are important for plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. Annexins function to counteract oxidative stress, maintain cell redox homeostasis, and enhance drought tolerance. In the present study, an endogenous annexin, STANN1, was overexpressed to determine whether crop...
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Background
The Arabidopsis ERFIb / RAP2.4 transcription factor family consists of eight members with highly conserved DNA binding domains. Selected members have been characterized individually, but a systematic comparison is pending. The redox-sensitive transcription factor RAP2.4a mediates chloroplast-to-nucleus redox signaling and controls induct...
Citations
... Moreover, these stress response mechanisms can be interconnected, and specific proteins may also provide photoprotection in potato plants under drought stress such as a recent report reviewed a likely light and ABA crosstalk during drought response in Arabidopsis (Mukherjee et al., 2023;Szalonek et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2023). ...
GATA is one of the prominent transcription factor families conserved among many organisms in eukaryotes and has different biological roles in many pathways, particularly in light regulation in plants. Although GATA transcription factors (TFs) have been identified in different crop species, their roles in abiotic stress tolerance have not been studied in potato. In this study, we identified 32 GATA TFs in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) by in silico analyses, and expression levels of selected six genes were investigated in drought‐tolerant (Sante) and sensitive (Agria) cultivars under light, drought, and combined (light + drought) stress conditions. According to the phylogenetic results, StGATA TFs were divided into four main groups (I, II, III, and IV) and different sub‐groups in I and II (eight and five, respectively). StGATA genes were uniformly localized to each chromosome with a conserved exon/intron structure. The presence of cis‐ elements within the StGATA family further supported the possible involvement in abiotic stress tolerance and light response, tissue‐specific expression, and hormonal regulation. Additional PPI investigations showed that these networks, especially for Groups I, II, and IV, play a significant role in response to light and drought stress. Six StGATA s were chosen from these groups for expressional profiling, and their expression in both Sante and Agria was mainly downregulated under purple and red lights, drought, and combined stress (blue + drought and purple + drought). The interactomes of selected StGATAs, StGATA3 , StGATA24 , and StGATA29 were analyzed, and the accessions with GATA motifs were checked for expression. The results showed that the target proteins, cyclin‐P3‐1, SPX domain‐containing protein 1, mitochondrial calcium uniporter protein 2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase YODA, and splicing factor 3 B subunit 4‐like, mainly play a role in phytochrome‐mediated stomatal patterning, development, and activity. Understanding the interactions between drought stress and the light response mechanisms in potato plants is essential. It will eventually be possible to enhance potato resilience to climate change by manipulating the TFs that play a role in these pathways.
... Additionally, this group of genes recognized over 11 copies of the MYB binding site (MBS), which is involved in drought inducibility. This result is consistent with our existing research, as the annexin gene has been found to be associated with drought tolerance in rice [23], durum wheat [24], Arabidopsis [25], and tomato [26]. motif compositions, exon-intron structures, and cellular locations, implying potential similarities in their biological functionalities. ...
... Additionally, this group of genes recognized over 11 copies of the MYB binding site (MBS), which is involved in drought inducibility. This result is consistent with our existing research, as the annexin gene has been found to be associated with drought tolerance in rice [23], durum wheat [24], Arabidopsis [25], and tomato [26]. In the realm of metabolic response processes, the O2-site, a cis-acting regulatory element intricately involved in the regulation of zein metabolism, was solely successfully identified; in wild, landrace, and variety barley, there were 10, 15, and 13 genes, respectively, containing this element, with domesticated barley having the highest number of genes containing this element (Table S3). ...
... It is evident that HvMOREXann1 and HvMOREXann4 are predominantly expressed in the roots ( Figure 3A), with HvMOREXann1 associated with metal ion AL stress ( Figure 3B). This discovery is related to the involvement of Arabidopsis annexins in early seedling growth and development, particularly in the Golgi-mediated secretion process [25,28]. HvMOREX-ann7 and HvMOREXann6 exhibit distinct high expression levels in embryos isolated from 4-day-old germinating grains ( Figure 3A). ...
Plant annexins constitute a conserved protein family that plays crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as in responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 144 annexin genes were identified in the barley pan-genome, comprising 12 reference genomes, including cultivated barley, landraces, and wild barley. Their chromosomal locations, physical–chemical characteristics, gene structures, conserved domains, and subcellular localizations were systematically analyzed to reveal the certain differences between wild and cultivated populations. Through a cis-acting element analysis, co-expression network, and large-scale transcriptome analysis, their involvement in growth, development, and responses to various stressors was highlighted. It is worth noting that HvMOREXann5 is only expressed in pistils and anthers, indicating its crucial role in reproductive development. Based on the resequencing data from 282 barley accessions worldwide, genetic variations in thefamily were investigated, and the results showed that 5 out of the 12 identified HvMOREXanns were affected by selection pressure. Genetic diversity and haplotype frequency showed notable reductions between wild and domesticated barley, suggesting that a genetic bottleneck occurred on the annexin family during the barley domestication process. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the up-regulation of HvMOREXann7 under drought stress, along with significant differences between wild accessions and varieties. This study provides some insights into the genome organization and genetic characteristics of the annexin gene family in barley at the pan-genome level, which will contribute to better understanding its evolution and function in barley and other crops.
... Fluorescence measurements indicated that the maximum quantum yield and effective quantum yield cannot serve as indicators of drought stress in potato and its SHs and BCs with S. bulbocastanum, as similarly demonstrated in barley [47]. As Flagella et al. (1998) [48] mentioned, mild and moderate drought stress did not significantly decrease the quantum yield of PSII, and so the Calvin cycle remains just slightly affected [49,50]. Research by Lu and Zhang [51] revealed that drought does not affect the photochemical quenching, but it increases the non-photochemical quenching, playing a crucial role in protecting photosynthesis reaction centers. ...
Drought stress is one of the most limiting abiotic stresses for plant growth and development. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), due to its shallow root system, is considered sensitive to drought. In potato breeding, the wild Solanum species may represent a good resource for disease and abiotic stress resistance genes, but their transfer is limited by sexual incompatibilities. Somatic hybrids (SH) between potato and the wild species Solanum bulbocastanum, sexually incompatible with potato, proved to be late-blight-resistant in laboratory and field assays. The aim of this study was to screen a series of somatic hybrids and derived backcrosses for drought stress tolerance. In vitro stress exposure (with 5% and 15% PEG 6000) allowed the selection of several tolerant genotypes in a short time. The eleven selected genotypes were tested by using a semi-automated plant phenotyping platform at the Biological Research Centre in Szeged, Hungary, where the plants’ biomass accumulation and photosynthesis under long-term drought conditions were monitored. The findings of this study affirm that the somatic hybrids between potato and S. bulbocastanum, along with their backcrosses, constitute valuable pre-breeding material. This is attributed to their possession of both late blight resistance and drought stress tolerance.
... The timing of stress application in tomato was done in plants aged from around 30 d (Azizi et al., 2021;Hosseini Tafreshi et al., 2021) to 50 d (Rady et al., 2020;Krishna et al., 2021). For potato plant, in most cases, induced stress in plants was performed in the phenological stage of the beginning of tuber formation (Rolando et al., 2015;Szalonek et al., 2015;Ibañez et al., 2021), while Gong et al. (2015) did it in the flowering stage (tuber formation). In the case of eggplant, water stress was applied during the leaf development stage, when plants had around five expanded leaves (Fu et al., 2013;Tani et al., 2018) or five weeks after transplanting (Delfin et al., 2021). ...
... In tomato plants, levels of FC up to 15% (Krishna et al., 2021) and 25% (Hosseini Tafreshi et al., 2021) were used to induce severe stress, while moderate stress was induced with FC levels of 50% (Azizi et al., 2021), 60% (Rady et al., 2020) or 75% (Chakma et al., 2021). In potato plants, severe stress was induced with FC levels of 25% (Szalonek et al., 2015), 30% (Ibañez et al., 2021) and 35% (Gong et al., 2015), while moderate stress was induced with FC levels of 50% (Ibañez et al., 2021;Rolando et al., 2015). For eggplant, more restrictive levels of irrigation were used, with FC levels of 10% (Delfin et al., 2021), 25% (Tani et al., 2018) and 30% (Fu et al., 2013) for severe stress, and less restrictive levels of 50% and 75% under field conditions (Çolak et al., 2015). ...
... Withholding irrigation is the simplest method of inducing stress, followed by the application of PEG (Table 1). Lastly, the method of reduced replacement of FC or ET requires greater irrigation control, often on a daily basis during the experimental period (Szalonek et al., 2015;Martínez-Cuenca et al., 2020). ...
... Therefore, annexins are thought to directly form a Ca 2+ flow pathway on the cell membrane and participate in various responses to adverse conditions by regulating Ca 2+ concentrations and activating calmodulin-and Ca 2+ -dependent proteins [56]. Annexins play an important role in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. Until now, however, whether the annexin gene participates in the response to P. sojae had not been reported. ...
Phytophthora root rot is a destructive soybean disease worldwide, which is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae). Wall-associated protein kinase (WAK) genes, a family of the receptor-like protein kinase (RLK) genes, play important roles in the plant signaling pathways that regulate stress responses and pathogen resistance. In our study, we found a putative Glycine max wall-associated protein kinase, GmWAK1, which we identified by soybean GmLHP1 RNA-sequencing. The expression of GmWAK1 was significantly increased by P. sojae and salicylic acid (SA). Overexpression of GmWAK1 in soybean significantly improved resistance to P. sojae, and the levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), SA, and SA-biosynthesis-related genes were markedly higher than in the wild-type (WT) soybean. The activities of enzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) antioxidants in GmWAK1-overexpressing (OE) plants were significantly higher than those in in WT plants treated with P. sojae; reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was considerably lower in GmWAK1-OE after P. sojae infection. GmWAK1 interacted with annexin-like protein RJ, GmANNRJ4, which improved resistance to P. sojae and increased intracellular free-calcium accumulation. In GmANNRJ4-OE transgenic soybean, the calmodulin-dependent kinase gene GmMPK6 and several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were constitutively activated. Collectively, these results indicated that GmWAK1 interacts with GmANNRJ4, and GmWAK1 plays a positive role in soybean resistance to P. sojae via a process that might be dependent on SA and involved in alleviating damage caused by oxidative stress.
... Furthermore, compost increased the abundance of Annexin D7 (ANN7) which plays a potential protective role against oxidative stress and maintains cell redox homeostasis. It is well known that plant annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins that regulate diverse aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses [32,33]. Moreover, overexpression of Brassica juncea annexin gene in the tobacco plant enhanced resistance not only to mannitol, NaCl, CdCl 2 and H 2 O 2 but also to the oomycete pathogen (Phytophthora parasitica var. ...
Composts are an emerging biofertilizers used in agronomy that can improve crop performance,
but much less is known regarding their modes of action. The current study aimed to
investigate the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in barley leaves associated with growth
promotion induced by application of date palm waste compost. Morphophysiological measurements
revealed that compost induced a significant increase in plant height, chlorophyll content,
gas exchange parameters and plant biomass. LC-MS/MS analyses indicate that compost induced
global changes in the proteome of barley leaves. A total of 62 DAPs (26 upregulated and 36 downregulated)
among a total of 2233 proteins were identified in response to compost application. The
expression of DAPs was further validated based on qRT-PCR. Compost application showed altered
abundance of several proteins related to abiotic stress, plant defense, redox homeostasis, transport,
tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbohydrate, amino acid, energy and protein metabolism. Furthermore,
proteins related to metabolic processes of phytohormone, DNA methylation and secondary metabolites
were induced. These results indicate that barley responds to compost application by complex
metabolism pathways and may result in a positive alteration in a physiological and metabolic barley
plant state which consequently could lead to improved growth and stress adaptation observed in
compost-treated plants.
... Cells were withdrawn from PBR grown culture having a temperature of 40 °C for NPQ analysis. The NPQ induction and relaxation kinetics was performed as mentioned in Szalonek et al. (2015). It is important to mention that immediately after withdrawing the microalgae sample from PBR, cells were incubated at around 46 °C with the help of a mini-Peltier-based temperature control unit of Dual-PAM 100 machine with continuous stirring of the culture to mimic the outdoor temperature condition. ...
Microalgae cultivation utilizes the energy of sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) for producing renewable energy feedstock. The commercial success of the biological fixation of carbon in a consistent manner depends upon the availability of a robust microalgae strain. In the present work, we report the identification of a novel marine Nannochloris sp. through multiparametric photosynthetic evaluation. Detailed photobiological analysis of this strain has revealed a smaller functional antenna, faster relaxation kinetics of non-photochemical quenching, and a high photosynthetic rate with increasing light and temperatures. Furthermore, laboratory scale growth assessment demonstrated a broad range halotolerance of 10–70 parts per thousand (PPT) and high-temperature tolerance up to 45 °C. Such traits led to the translation of biomass productivity potential from the laboratory scale (0.2–3.0 L) to the outdoor 50,000 L raceway pond scale (500-m2) without any pond crashes. The current investigation revealed outdoor single-day peak areal biomass productivity of 43 g m−2 d−1 in summer with an annual (March 2019–February 2020) average productivity of 20 g m−2 d−1 in seawater. From a sustainability perspective, this is the first report of successful round-the-year (> 347 days) multi-season (summer, monsoon, and winter) outdoor cultivation of Nannochloris sp. in broad seawater salinity (1–57 PPT), wide temperature ranges (15–40 °C), and in fluctuating light conditions. Concurrently, outdoor cultivation of this strain demonstrated conducive fatty acid distribution, including increased unsaturated fatty acids in winter. This inherent characteristic might play a role in protecting photosynthesis machinery at low temperatures and in high light stress. Altogether, our marine Nannochloris sp. showed tremendous potential for commercial scale cultivation to produce biofuels, food ingredients, and a sustainable source for vegetarian protein.
... Responses under water deficit in diploid potato at the tuber initiation stage revealed by GWAS while CC, TN and soluble sugar contents, on average increased. Previous studies have reported similar TW response to water deficit at tuber initiation stage and associated the yield reduction with a decrease in RWC and F v /F m [24,43]. A mild water stress of about of 60% reduction of field irrigation capacity was reported to trigger the accumulation of soluble sugar in sink leaves of S. tuberosum [44]. ...
... similar to WDp-9.15) that co-localizes with the Glucan/water dikinase (GWD) gene, which is known for the control of starch degradation [52]. Degradation of starch in response to water deficit has been reported in potato, improving tolerance by providing energy and carbon when photosynthesis activity is restricted [43,53]. The allelic effect analysis shows the accessions with the variant allele C have higher TW and Glc than those with the common allele T. The QTL explains the largest percentage of phenotypic variation for TW-WD; this allele could be used in breeding programs for enhancing TW under WD conditions. ...
Water deficit, which is increasing with climate change, is a serious threat to agricultural sustainability worldwide. Dissection of the genetic architecture of water deficit responses is highly desirable for developing water-deficit tolerant potato cultivars and enhancing the resilience of existing cultivars. This study examined genetic variation in response to water deficit in a panel of diploid potato and identified the QTL governing this trait via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A panel of 104 diploid potato accessions were evaluated under both well-watered and water deficit treatments at tuber initiation stage. Drought stress index (DTI) was calculated to assess tolerance of the diploid potato genotypes to water deficit. The GWAS was conducted using a matrix of 47K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), recently available for this population. We are reporting 38 QTL, seven for well-watered conditions, twenty-two for water deficit conditions and nine for DTI which explain between 12.6% and 44.1% of the phenotypic variance. A set of 6 QTL were found to be associated with more than one variable. Marker WDP-9.21 was found associated with tuber fresh weigh under WD and gene annotation analysis revealed co-localization with the Glucan/water dikinase ( GWD ) gene. Of the nine QTL detected from DTI on chromosomes 2,3,5,8,10 and 12, three candidate genes with a feasible role in water deficit response were identified. The findings of this study can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for water- deficit tolerance breeding in potato.
... An exact volume (300 µL) of isolated plastoglobule fractions with measured protein concentrations (mg of plastoglobule protein in precipitated fractions) was used for analysis. Lipids were extracted as described previously in [82] with slight modifications; volumes of solvents used in this step were halved and adjusted to low fraction amounts. The HPLC analysis of prenyl lipids and carotenoids was carried out using Sztatelman et al.'s BMC Plant Biology (2015) [83]. ...
Plastoglobules (PGs) might be characterised as microdomains of the thylakoid membrane that serve as a platform to recruit proteins and metabolites in their spatial proximity in order to facilitate metabolic channelling or signal transduction. This study provides new insight into changes in PGs isolated from two plant species with different responses to chilling stress, namely chilling-tolerant pea (Pisum sativum) and chilling-sensitive bean (Phaseolus coccineus). Using multiple analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography and visualisation techniques including transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we determined changes in PGs’ biochemical and biophysical characteristics as a function of chilling stress. Some of the observed alterations occurred in both studied plant species, such as increased particle size and plastoquinone-9 content, while others were more typical of a particular type of response to chilling stress. Additionally, PGs of first green leaves were examined to highlight differences at this stage of development. Observed changes appear to be a dynamic response to the demands of photosynthetic membranes under stress conditions.
... Pigments were extracted as described previously [73]. The HPLC analysis of pigments was carried out by the method from Sztatelman et al., 2015 [74]. ...
Natural genetic variation in photosynthesis is strictly associated with the remarkable adaptive plasticity observed amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions derived from environmentally distinct regions. Exploration of the characteristic features of the photosynthetic machinery could reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying those traits. In this study, we performed a detailed characterisation and comparison of photosynthesis performance and spectral properties of the photosynthetic apparatus in the following selected Arabidopsis thaliana accessions commonly used in laboratories as background lines: Col-0, Col-1, Col-2, Col-8, Ler-0, and Ws-2. The main focus was to distinguish the characteristic disparities for every accession in photosynthetic efficiency that could be accountable for their remarkable plasticity to adapt. The biophysical and biochemical analysis of the thylakoid membranes in control conditions revealed differences in lipid-to-protein contribution, Chlorophyll-to-Carotenoid ratio (Chl/Car), and xanthophyll cycle pigment distribution among accessions. We presented that such changes led to disparities in the arrangement of the Chlorophyll-Protein complexes, the PSI/PSII ratio, and the lateral mobility of the thylakoid membrane, with the most significant aberrations detected in the Ler-0 and Ws-2 accessions. We concluded that selecting an accession suitable for specific research on the photosynthetic process is essential for optimising the experiment.
