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A shows the context diagram that mainly described the user and admin login page. Whilst, B portray the detail process for admin and users such as login to web system, add a new admin, add a category, add places and details and add the configuration.
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![Fig.4 Marker-based AR [5]](publication/338759484/figure/fig2/AS:865106627928066@1583268901684/Marker-based-AR-5_Q320.jpg)
A smart city is one of a huge transformation in these millennia, where it combines latest and advanced technology to overcome the daily basis problem of humans. Artificial intelligence with augmented reality has been highlighted as the potential solution along with IOT and another system to support the smart city system. The smarter Jeddah is part...
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Traffic accidents are still significant contributors to a fairly high death. Denpasar’s resort police record every traffic accident in the form of a daily report. The stored data can generate valuable information to improve policies and propagate better traffic practices. This research utilizes the classification technique with the XGBoost, random...
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... Markerless systems, which do not require predefined markers for tracking, are more prominently represented in the literature, with 30 articles in total. Among them, 21 articles explore location-based systems (e.g., [45]), 8 delve into superimposition-based systems (e.g., [46]), and only 1 investigates projection-based systems [47]. Additionally, 9 articles examine hybrid systems that combine elements from both marker-based and marker-less approaches (e.g., [48]). ...
... Marker-less location 2 [50,56] 24 [28,35,45,49,[58][59][60][61]70,72,75,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] 1 [52] 0 ...
... • Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning: a number of research projects have begun to explore the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, to design more personalized and dynamic tourism experiences [45]. The integration of deep-learning algorithms would allow the customization of AR content to suit individual demands, and create engaging experiences according to user preferences, behaviors, and patterns. ...
Augmented reality has emerged as a transformative technology, with the potential to revolutionize the tourism industry. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of studies tracing the progression of AR and its application in tourism, from early exploration to recent advancements. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution, contexts, and design elements of AR in tourism over the period (2002–2022), offering insights for further progress in this domain. Employing a dual-method approach, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on 861 articles collected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, to investigate the evolution of AR research over time and across countries, and to identify the main contexts of the utilization of AR in tourism. In the second part of our study, a systematic content analysis was conducted, focusing on a subset of 57 selected studies that specifically employed AR systems in various tourism situations. Through this analysis, the most commonly utilized AR design components, such as tracking systems, AR devices, tourism settings, and virtual content were summarized. Furthermore, we explored how these components were integrated to enhance the overall tourism experience. The findings reveal a growing trend in research production, led by Europe and Asia. Key contexts of AR applications in tourism encompass cultural heritage, mobile AR, and smart tourism, with emerging topics such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and COVID-19. Frequently used AR design components comprise mobile devices, marker-less tracking systems, outdoor environments, and visual overlays. Future research could involve optimizing AR experiences for users with disabilities, supporting multicultural experiences, integrating AI with big data, fostering sustainability, and remote virtual tourism. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of AR in shaping the future of tourism in the post COVID-19 era, by providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the tourism industry.
... Several previous studies have proposed the use of AR, such as [8], [10] (DNN), [11] (LSTM), and [12][13][14][15] (CNN). One study [16] used a deep neural network (DNN) for an intelligent municipality AR service system in the fields of information dissemination and tourism. The results of this study indicate a higher detection accuracy (67.5%) compared to naïve Bayes and random forest. ...
... Source [12] is an initial study that has just been published, so the results are not yet satisfactory. The use of CNN methods has also been proposed by several previous studies [15][16][17] to improve the performance of AR for system maintenance. Based on these studies, the performance of AR is quite satisfactory. ...
... This SLR identified two applications where this technology can be applied for smart cities. The first is the study of [26] that analyses the application of AR service for efficient information dissemination based on a deep learning algorithm for the smart city of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. Their proposed framework uses the system architecture of the iMARS system that consists of user alerts, deep learning, databases, and municipality services. ...
... The SLR also discovered that AR could be effectively used for system management and monitoring. Studies included in this research, including [8,[26][27][28][29][30], which illustrated how AR could be applied in areas such as real-time information dissemination, smart traffic monitoring, rent management, emergency management, lighting system management, and energy management to eliminate bottlenecks associated in such systems, and in turn, improve efficiency and productivity while reducing costs. Similar studies have also been conducted in other contexts to complement studies included in this SLR. ...
Augmented Reality (AR) and cyber-security technologies have existed for several decades, but their growth and progress in recent years have increased exponentially. The areas of application for these technologies are clearly heterogeneous, most especially in purchase and sales, production, tourism, education, as well as social interaction (games, entertainment, communication). Essentially, these technologies are recognized worldwide as some of the pillars of the new industrial revolution envisaged by the industry 4.0 international program, and are some of the leading technologies of the 21st century. The ability to provide users with required information about processes or procedures directly into the virtual environment is archetypally the fundamental factor in considering AR as an effective tool for different fields. However, the advancement in ICT has also brought about a variety of cybersecurity challenges, with a depth of evidence anticipating policy, architectural, design, and technical solutions in this very domain. The specific applications of AR and cybersecurity technologies have been described in detail in a variety of papers, which demonstrate their potential in diverse fields. In the context of smart cities, however, there is a dearth of sources describing their varied uses. Notably, a scholarly paper that consolidates research on AR and cybersecurity application in this context is markedly lacking. Therefore, this systematic review was designed to identify, describe, and synthesize research findings on the application of AR and cybersecurity for smart cities. The review study involves filtering information of their application in this setting from three key databases to answer the predefined research question. The keynote part of this paper provides an in-depth review of some of the most recent AR and cybersecurity applications for smart cities, emphasizing potential benefits, limitations, as well as open issues which could represent new challenges for the future. The main finding that we found is that there are five main categories of these applications for smart cities, which can be classified according to the main articles, such as tourism, monitoring, system management, education, and mobility. Compared with the general literature on smart cities, tourism, monitoring, and maintenance AR applications appear to attract more scholarly attention.
... The marker is recognized through the camera of the smartphone and the digital augmentation is anchored on the marker as long as it is positioned in the field of view of the camera. This tracking method is easy to implement through native apps (Camera app) or via custom-build applications using AR development toolkits (Basori et al., 2019). Marker-based AR has high accuracy compared to other types of AR technology, particularly for indoor environments. ...
The Smart Grid (SG) is an intelligent electricity grid that implements evolving information and
communication infrastructure for controlling power generation, transmission, distribution, and
consumers. In contrast to traditional electricity grids, SG facilitates two-way data flow between
the consumer and electrical utilities. This facility enables real time electricity generation based
on consumers’ energy demand. Hence, consumer data secrecy becomes imperative while
energy usage data collection. There are multiple inevitable security challenges that needs to be
addressed at the levels of consumer, communication, and of the energy provider. SG data
security facets such as privacy, validation, approval etc. requires in-depth investigation to
implement data security. The study of SG data security has gained wide attention amongst the
global researchers and industries working in this area.
Technology has transformed the way individuals perceive and apply information and has become an essential part of today's world. Augmented reality technology may overlay interactive real-world items with a layer of virtual elements, such as pictures, text, video, and sounds, in real-time and 3D. Augmented reality allows for seamless transitions between real and virtual worlds. Because of its capacity to bridge the gap and overcome most tourism experience limits, augmented reality technology has attracted much interest in the tourism industry. Over the last years, the fast spread of Augmented Reality (AR) technologies has provided new possibilities and potential to enhance tourism activities. This study presents the results of a systematic review of the literature on augmented reality in tourism. We systematically reviewed all AR articles, including user studies published between 2017 and 2021. A total of 60 papers were reviewed and classified based on a variety of criteria, including the study's environment, research type, augmented reality type, contributing countries where the study took place, author country, augmented reality display systems, research directions, and the majority of study requirements and recommendations. The review's main contribution is to show how augmented reality has been used in the tourism industry and what characteristics each study has. We also pay attention to the restrictions that researchers encounter and future visions for overcoming these constraints. The methods of the review and the classifications of AR research that have arisen in the field of tourism are described in this poster. In addition, the paper discusses trends.
Introdução: O presente estudo teve o propósito de analisar artigos científicos relacionados as tecnologias para rastreamento de turistas procurando catalogar as tecnologias mais utilizadas, utilizando uma revisão sistemática dos artigos publicados dos últimos cinco anos Método: Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizada uma revisão sistemática através de um protocolo de pesquisa levando em consideração as publicações científicas nas bases de dados de periódicos ACM, IEEE, Science Direct e Scopus. O processo foi realizado em duas etapas: busca nas bases de dados de periódicos e a análise sistemática através da leitura dos artigos relacionados ao tema da pesquisa. Resultados: Foram pesquisados 761 artigos, dos quais 47 foram selecionados para a leitura e extração de dados. Temas como: tecnologias para rastreamento e contagem de turistas, turismo inteligente, tecnologia da informação, gestão e sustentabilidade apontam como destaque nas pesquisas. Conclusão: O presente estudo serviu para responder a pergunta; “Quais são as tecnologias para rastreamento de turistas mais utilizadas?”, sendo assim pode-se afirmar que as 5 principais tecnologias utilizadas com base nesta revisão sistemática são: GPS, Aplicativos, Sensores, Mídias Sociais e RFID.
