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A schematic sketch of the photonic spin splitting of one beam reflected from a defective 1D photonic crystal
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When the metal film becomes far thinner than the electron mean free path (EMFP) in their bulk counterpart, many exotic optical properties accompanied with numbers of novel applications may emerge. Herein, the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) occurring on the surface of one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of ultrathin Au films, monolayer tra...
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Significance
The strongly two-dimensional delafossite metals are among the highest-purity compounds known. Their huge low-temperature electron mean free paths of up to 20 µm allow fabrication of devices in the ballistic regime, in which the characteristic device dimension is shorter than the average distance between scattering events. Unlike any pr...
Citations
... Several techniques have been suggested, e.g., the Kretschmann model, which contains an −type coherent atomic medium and can enhance PSHE by the excitation of a surface plasmon [24]. This phenomenon also occurs in a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal surface with a spin-dependent maximum transverse displacement that can be tuned 37.94 times the incident wavelength [25]. Spin-dependent shifts based on weak measurement techniques have been extensively investigated. ...
... Maybe due to the rigorous requirement of an ultralow temperature and non-tunability of the inherent structure of natural HMs, researchers have been paying attention for a long time to structuring various artificial metas-tructures to modulate the hyperbolic optical properties. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] In 2011, J. Sun et al. reported a nature indefinite permittivity in a vdW crystal of graphite and obtained the hyperbolic isofrequency contour according to ellipsometry data at room temperature (RT). 31 This has retriggered a research-based interest in hunting for natural HMs in vdW crystals including graphite analogues, perovskites, and topological semimetals. ...
Natural hyperbolic materials (HMs) in two dimensions (2D) have an extraordinarily high anisotropy and a hyperbolic dispersion relation. Some of them can even sustain hyperbolic polaritons with great directional propagation and light compression to deeply sub-wavelength scales due to their inherent anisotropy. Herein, the anisotropic optical features of 2D natural HMs are reviewed. Four hyperbolic polaritons (i.e., phonon polaritons, plasmon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and shear polaritons) as well as their generation mechanism are discussed in detail. The natural merits of 2D HMs hold promise for practical quantum photonic applications such as valley quantum interference, mid-infrared polarizers, spontaneous emission enhancement, near-field thermal radiation, and a new generation of optoelectronic components, among others. The conclusion of these analyses outlines existing issues and potential interesting directions for 2D natural HMs. These findings could spur more interest in anisotropic 2D atomic crystals in the future, as well as the quick generation of natural HMs for new applications.
... It may be due to the rigorous requirement of ultralow temperature and non-tunability of inherent structure of natural HMs, researchers have been for a long time to pay attention on structuring various artificial metastructures to modulate the hyperbolic optical properties. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Until 2011, J. Sun et al reported a nature indefinite permittivity in vdW crystal of graphite and obtained the hyperbolic isofrequency contour according to ellipsometry data at room temperature (RT). 31 This retriggers the research interest of people in hunting for natural HMs in vdW crystals including graphite analogues, perovskites, and topological semimetals. ...
Natural hyperbolic materials (HMs) in two dimensions (2D) have an extraordinarily high anisotropy and a hyperbolic dispersion relation. Some of them can even sustain hyperbolic polaritons with great directional propagation and light compression to deeply sub-wavelength scales due to their inherent anisotropy. Herein, the anisotropic optical features of 2D natural HMs are reviewed. Four hyperbolic polaritons (i.e., phonon polaritons, plasmon polaritons, exciton-polaritons, and shear polaritons) as well as their generation mechanism are discussed in detail. The natural merits of 2D HMs hold promise for practical quantum photonic applications such as valley quantum interference, mid-infrared polarizer, spontaneous emission enhancement, near-field thermal radiation, and a new generation of optoelectronic components, among others. These analyses' conclusion outlines existing issues and potential interesting directions for 2D natural HMs. These findings could spur more interest in anisotropic 2D atomic crystals in the future, as well as the quick generation of natural HMs for new applications.
... On account of the introduction of weak measurement techniques [11][12][13], the spin splitting displacement has been increased by several orders of magnitude and is relatively easy to detect. As such, it has been widely studied as an interesting optical phenomenon, such as optical physics [14], high energy physics [15], plasmonics [16], metasurface [17] and so on. ...
In this paper, a photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) sensor for high-precision refractive index (RI) detection and graphene layer number detection is proposed. Numerical analysis is performed by the transfer matrix method. The graphene material is introduced into the layered topology to stimulate the generation of PSHE phenomenon, and both H polarization and V polarization displacements occur simultaneously. The effects of parameters such as chemical potential, relaxation time, and external temperature on the PSHE shift are also discussed. The displacement of H polarization can be used for RI detection, and the measurement range (MR), sensitivity (S), figure of merit (FOM), and detection limit (DL) are 1.1-1.5, 127.85 degrees/RIU, 2412, and 2.08×10⁻⁵, respectively. The superior sensing performance provides a theoretical possibility for the detection of solids, liquids, and gases. The shift characteristic of V polarization is appropriate for detecting the number of layers in graphene, with a MR and S of 1-9 layers and 4.54 degrees/layer. The impacts of dielectric loss on sensor performance are also considered. We hope that the proposed PSHE multifunctional sensor can improve a theoretical idea for novel sensor design.
... As the Au layer thickness is increasing the G-PSHE is relatively decreasing. It is because of the well-known fact that, the ultrathin Au layer of few nanometers possesses the extraordinary properties to provide the strong surface plasmon resonance as it acts as two-dimensional surface plasmon [53][54][55][56] . By shrinking the material size to the nanometer scale, one can significantly alter the physics of photonic and plasmonic systems 57 . ...
In plasmonic systems, the enhanced photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) was previously possible only for horizontal polarization. By employing the wave-guiding surface plasmon resonance (WG-SPR) effect, we report a giant photonic spin Hall effect (G-PSHE) of reflected light for both horizontal and vertical polarization waves. We investigated the polarization-manipulated G-PSHE in the Kretschmann configuration with an additional glass dielectric layer. This additional dielectric layer allowed us to achieve millimeter-scale (more than 2 mm to sub-millimeter) G-PSHE. We achieved polarization manipulation by designing novel structures employing wave-guiding and SPR theory. Using a simulation study, we investigated the impact of an additional thin dielectric layer on G-PSHE. This study enables the potential application of both horizontal and vertical polarization-based quantum devices and sensors for which light spin plays a pivotal role.
... In recent years, various methods for enhancing PSHE have been proposed. For example, Wan et al. proposed a Kretschmann model based on N-type coherent atomic medium, which enhanced by excitation of surface plasmon resonance [10]; Wang et al. investigated the PSHE occurring on the surface of one-dimensional photonic crystal and found that the maximum spin-dependent transverse displacement is 37.94 times of incident wavelength [11]; In addition, Jiang et al. based on the sandwich structure of Epsilon-near-zero material greatly enhanced the spin displacement of light by generating the bound states in the continuum [12]. And there are also in-depth investigation and experimental observations on the optical spin Hall effect based on the weak measurement method. ...
In this paper, the magnetically tunable and enhanced photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) of reflected light beam at terahertz frequencies is achieved by using a multilayer structure where anisotropic graphene is inserted. This enhanced PSHE phenomenon results from the excitation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) at the interface between two dielectric materials. By considering the 4×4 transfer matrix method and the quantum response of graphene, the PSHE of the reflected light can be enhanced by harnessing the anisotropic conductivity of graphene. Besides, the PSHE can be tuned through the external magnetic field and structural parameters. This enhanced and tunable PSHE approach is promising for fabricating anisotropic graphene-based terahertz spin devices and other applications in nanophotonics.
... The configured DBR is approximately a complete photonic crystal with a bandgap between 540 and 725 nm, as shown by the solid line in Fig.2(a). According to the TMM [25][26][27] , one stacked multilayer structure contains N+2 materials and N+1 interfaces. Here, N is the number of layers and the jth layer holds the dielectric function ε j = n j 2 and thickness d j . ...
To reveal and utilize the interaction between Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) and two-dimensional materials are promising for exploiting next-generation optoelectronic devices. Herein, the coupling mechanism between metal TPPs and monolayer WS2 along with its differences from that between metal TPPs and graphene was studied in detail by using the transfer matrix method. The experimental results show that it is difficult to excite TPPs at the boundary between monolayer WS2 and dielectric Bragg reflector (DBR) such that the strong coupling mainly stems from the interaction between metal TPPs and exciton in monolayer WS2. However, the coupling in graphene/DBR/metal hybrid structure derives from the interaction between two different TPP resonance modes. Thus, evolutions of Rabi splitting with various structural parameters including spacer thickness, incident angle and DBR period greatly differ from those observed in graphene/DBR/metal hybrid structure. In addition, the discrepancies induced via metal Ag and Au films as well as the possible influence mechanism were also discussed.
... The aSMCW structure composes of a transparent glass SF11 layer sandwiched between a thin silver film on top and a thick silver slab underneath, and they serve as the guiding layer, the coupling layer, and the substrate, respectively. From top to bottom, their thicknesses are assumed as h 125 35 12 555 [16][17][18]. For material SF11, the average refractive index is assumed as ...
A methodology combining the asymmetrical metal-cladding waveguide (aSMCW) excited ultrahigh-order modes and coarse wavelength induced Vernier effect is theoretically proposed to enhance the sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor. In our aSMCW structure, a transparent glass SF11 with a sub-millimeter scale thickness is selected as the guiding layer, whose magnetically modulated refractive index leads to a variation of resonant wavelength. By controlling the sampling interval of tunable laser, the Vernier effect assisted resonant wavelength shift is more distinguishable and the sensitivity is enhanced about 20 times. Our sensitivity enhancement method is low cost since the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) with a fine resolution is needless.
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with magnetic exchange fields have been demonstrated to display the remarkable valley polarization and magnetooptical behaviors. However, the explorations of their photonic spin Hall effects are lacking. Here, we show that the reflected spin shift of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with magnetic exchange field is significantly different from that of the pristine one and it exhibits the distinctive dependence on the size of the magnetic exchange field. In addition, we can manipulate the reflected spin shift of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with the magnetic exchange field via its chemical potential. This work unravels the potential of the photonic spin Hall effect on identifying the magnetic state of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides or the substrate, which might promote their potential applications in the spin photonic devices.
Fabrication of ultra-thin gold (Au) layers (UTGLs) has been regarded as the key technique to achieve applications with tunable optical response, flexible sensors and electronic devices. Various strategies have been developed to optimize the wetting process of Au, resulting in the formation of UTGLs at a minimum thickness. The related studies on UTGLs attracted huge attention in recent years. On the one hand, the growth processes of UTGLs on different substrates were in-depth probed by advanced in situ characterization techniques and the effects of optimization strategies on the growth of UTGLs were also revealed. On the other hand, based on the understanding of the growth behavior and the assistance of optimization strategies, various applications of UTGLs were realized based on optical/plasmon responses, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and as electrodes for various sensors and electronic devices, as well as being seed layers for thin film growth. In this focused review, both the fundamental and practical studies on UTGLs in the most recent years are elaborated in detail. The growth processes of UTGLs revealed by in situ characterization techniques, such as grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), as well as the state of the art of UTGL-based applications, are reviewed.
