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A schematic representation of a orthorhombic WO3· H2O nanoplates transferring to b monoclinic WO3 via a dehydration process (topotactic transformation)
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In this study, we synthesized tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoplates, both crystallographic phases and the morphology of the samples were determined by powder x-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The obtained data clarified that, the all prepared WO3·H2O samples were composed of large quantity of nanoplates. The cytotoxici...
Citations
... In addition to producing photothermal effects when coupled with input light, WO 3 nanoparticles can also be used in cancer therapy due to their cytotoxicity. The research on cancer cells found that the anticancer effect of WO 3 nanosheets are the change in the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes [11]. The survival of HeLa cells was tested by photocatalytic treatment at different durations among WO 3 , ZnO and N-WO 3 /ZnO, showing that N-WO 3 /ZnO treatment for 60 min has the lowest survival rate [12,13]. ...
Because of the excellent performance in photochemistry, WO3 is increasingly applied in the field of biology and
medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism of WO3 cytotoxicity. In this work, WO3 nanosheets with
oxygen vacancy are synthesized by solvothermal method, then characterized and added to culture medium of
human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with different concentrations. We characterized and analyzed
the morphology of nano-WO3 by transmission electron microscopy and calculated the specific data of oxygen
vacancy by XPS. It is the first time the effect of WO3− x on cells that WO3− x can cause oxidative stress in HUVEC
cells, resulting in DNA damage and thus promoting apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing is performed on cells
treated with low and high concentrations of WO3− x, and a series of key signals affecting cell proliferation and
apoptosis are detected in differentially expressed genes, which indicates the research direction of nanotoxicity.
The expression levels of key genes are also verified by quantitative PCR after cell treatment with different
concentrations of WO3− x. This work fills the gap between the biocompatibility of nano WO3− x materials and
molecular cytology and paves the way for investigating the mechanism and risks of oxygen vacancy in cancer
therapy.
... Among the various cancer treatment approaches, the exploitation of nanotechnology is considered one of the most effective approaches that recognize different hits and leads [2]. In nanomedicine field, there is great interest in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, as gold and silver, to be anticancer agents [3,4]. Because of their distinct characters and promising applications in the medical fields as anticancer and antimicrobial agents, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are now widely used [5]. ...
... After 1 h of incubation, the stimulants were discarded and cells were washed three times with a pre-warmed PBS; all samples were analyzed using a BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer with Cell Quest software. For quantification of DCF fluorescence, at least 10,000 events were used for each measurement [4]. ...
Biogenic silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) is one of the most fascinating nanomaterials used for several biomedical purposes. In the current study, we biosynthesized AgNPs (bio-AgNPs) using Arthrospira platensis (A-bio-AgNPs), Microcystis aeruginosa (M-bio-AgNPs), and Chlorella vulgaris (C-bio-AgNPs) active metabolites and evaluated their anticancer efficacy against breast cancer. The recovered bio-AgNPs were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). In addition, their safety profiles were monitored in vitro on PBMCs cells and in vivo on Albino mice. The obtained results indicated the safety usage of bio-AgNPs at concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml on PBMCs cells and 1.5 mg/ml on the Albino mice. The bio-AgNPs displayed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against HepG-2, CaCO-2, and MCF-7 cell lines by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arresting the treated cells in G0/G1 and sub G0 phases. In addition, A-bio-AgNPs induced breast cancer cellular apoptosis by downregulating the expression of survivin, MMP7, TGF, and Bcl2 genes. Upon A-bio-AgNPs treatment, a significant reduction in tumor growth and prolonged survival rates were recorded in breast cancer BALB/c model. Furthermore, A-bio-AgNPs treatment significantly decreased the Ki-67 protein marker from 60% (in the untreated group) to 20% (in the treated group) and increased caspase-3 protein levels to 65% (in treated groups) comparing with 45% (in doxorubicin-treated groups).
... Accordingly, arsenic trioxide encapsulated in an ethylene glycol/poly D,Llactide copolymer and conjugated with anti-CD44v6 led to decrease Bcl2 and increased caspase 3 levels in PANC-1 PAC cells [123]. In Caco2 and HeLa cancer cells, orthorhombic tungsten oxide NPs decreased cell viability by 65% and 73%, respectively, by reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and MMP7 [124]. Motawi, et al. [125] reported that cromolyn chitosan NPs led to a decreased expression of Bcl-2, NF-kβ and an increased expression of Bax in dimethylhydrazine-induced CRC in rats. ...
The development of drug resistance is one of the main causes of cancer treatment failure.
This phenomenon occurs very frequently in different types of cancer, including colon and pancreatic cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In recent years, nanomedicine has improved the delivery and efficacy of drugs, and has decreased their side effects. In addition, it has allowed to design drugs capable of avoiding certain resistance mechanisms of tumors. In this article, we review the main resistance mechanisms in colon and pancreatic cancers, along with the most relevant strategies offered by nanodrugs to overcome this obstacle. These strategies include the inhibition of efflux pumps, the use of specific targets, the development of nanomedicines affecting the environment of cancer-specific tissues, the modulation of DNA repair mechanisms or RNA (miRNA), and specific approaches to damage cancer stem cells, among others. This review aims to illustrate how advanced nanoformulations, including polymeric conjugates, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, metallic and carbon-based nanoparticles, are allowing to overcome one of the main limitations in the treatment of colon and pancreatic cancers. The future development of nanomedicine opens new horizons for cancer treatment.
... In nanomedicine eld, there are great interest in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles as gold and silver to be as anticancer agents. (4,5). ...
... After 1 h incubation, the stimulants were discarded and cells were washed three times with pre warmed PBS, all samples were analyzed using a BD FACSC a libur ow cytometer with Cell Quest software. For quanti cation of DCF uorescence, at least 10,000 events were used for each measurement (5). ...
Biogenic Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most fascinating nanomaterials used in biomedical purposes. In the current study, we biosynthesized AgNPs using Arthrospira platensis, Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgarisactive metabolites and evaluate their efficacy against breast cancer. The recovered AgNPs was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The safety usage of bio-AgNPs was tested in-vitro on PBMCs cells and in-vivo. The obtained results indicated the safety usage of bio-AgNPs at concentration 0.1 mg/ml on PBMCs cells and 1.5mg/ml on the tested Albino mice. The bio-AgNPs displayed dose-dependent cytotoxicity (0.1 mg/ml) against HepG-2, CaCO-2 and MCF-7 cell lines via ROS induction and arresting treated cells in G0/G1 and sub G0 phases. In addition, Arthrospira bio-AgNPs treatment induced cellular apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the down regulation of survivin, MMP7, TGF and Bcl2 genes expressions. Upon Arthrospira bio-AgNPs treatment, a great delay in tumor growth and prolonged survival were recorded in breast cancer mice model. Furthermore, after Arthrospira bio-AgNPs treatment, a great reduction in Ki 67 protein marker from 60% to be 20% and was recorded and an elevation in Caspase 3 protein levels was recorded in treated groups with percentage 65% comparing with 45% in Doxorubicin treated groups.
... In general, the green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed a potent antibacterial activity against multiple bacterial pathogens (Peiris et al., 2017;Soliman et al., 2018;Ramanathan et al., 2019). The efficiency of the synthesized nanoparticles which in micron scale might showed high efficacy as mentioned by Yassin et al. (2016). The activity of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles might due to the active ingredient presented in the camphor plant extract and coated the silver particles as previously reported by Leitão et al. (2018). ...
American foulbrood (AFB) and European foulbrood (EFB) are the two major bacterial diseases affecting honeybees, leading to a decrease in viability of the hive, decreasing honey production, and resulting in significant economic losses to beekeepers. Due to the inefficiency and/or low efficacy of some antibiotics, researches with nanotechnology represent, possibly, new therapeutic strategies. Nanostructure drugs have presented some advantagesover the conventional medicines, such as slow, gradual and controlled release, increased bioavailability, and reduced side-effects. In this study, different infected larvae were collected from two apiaries; the combs that had symptoms of American and European foulbrood were isolated. In vitro antimicrobial activity of camphor tree silver nano-particles against foulbrood diseases were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscope (SEM) that proves the formation of silver nanoparticles with size range 160-660 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles was tested using agar diffusion assay and proved their ability to effectively cease the pathogenic bacterial growth in both AFB and EFB. DGGE-PCR technique has been applied for the identification of un-common bacterial infections honeybees depending on 16S rRNA amplification from their total extracted DNA and has been identified as Serratia marcescens (TES), deposited in GenBank with a new accession number (MT240613). The results were confirmed strain has been detected by DGGE-PCR analysis causing uniquely infected brood that was attacked by the American Foulbrood It could be concluded that greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles is projected to be used as effective treatment for honeybee bacterial diseases. These material need more investigations under field conditions and study the possibility of its residues in honeybee products such as honey, and beeswax.
... WO 3 has the advantage of being non-toxic, cost-effective, with a high physicochemical stability under irradiation, and a wide range photocatalytic activity in the visible region [14]. It also has good preparation availability of various WO 3 structures, for instance, orthorhombic WO 3 has terminal oxygen, which increases its catalytic activity [15]. However, pure WO 3 has limited photocatalytic activity due to its slow charge transfer and rapid recombination of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs [16]. ...
... In general, the orthorhombic structure of WO 3 contains terminal oxygen atoms as "unsteady state atoms", and at pH region of three to seven, the surface of WO 3 has a negative charge. Consequently, these "unsteady state" oxygen atoms interact with nitrogen atoms in MB molecules exhibiting faster adsorption property to MB [15]. Under light irradiation, electron-hole pairs are formed and concentrated on the surface [45]. ...
Tungsten oxide nanostructures were modified by oxygen vacancies through hydrothermal treatment. Both the crystalline structure and morphological appearance were completely changed. Spherical WO3·H2O was prepared from tungstic acid solution by aging at room temperature, while rod-like WO3·0.33H2O was prepared by hydrothermal treatment of tungstic acid solution at 120 °C. These structures embedded in sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were synthesized as novel porous beads by gelation method into calcium chloride solution. The performance of the prepared materials as photocatalysts is examined for methylene blue (MB) degradation in aqueous solutions. Different operation parameters affecting the dye degradation process, such as light intensity, illumination time, and photocatalyst dosage are investigated. Results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of novel nanocomposite changed with the change in WO3 morphology. Namely, the beads with rod nanostructure of WO3 have shown better effectiveness in MB removal than the beads containing WO3 in spherical form. The maximum degradation efficiency was found to be 98% for WO3 nanorods structure embedded beads, while the maximum removal of WO3 nanospheres structure embedded beads was 91%. The cycling-ability and reuse results recommend both prepared structures to be used as effective tools for treating MB dye-contaminated wastewaters. The results show that the novel SA/PVP/WO3 nanocomposite beads are eco-friendly nanocomposite materials that can be applied as photocatalysts for the degradation of cationic dyes in contaminated water.
... WO 3 nanoparticles are considered to be a promising component of multifunctional biomedical and photochromic nanocomposites. Recently, it was demonstrated that tungsten oxide can be applied as an antibacterial agent against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, for the photothermal destruction of malignant cells (Hosseini et al. 2018;Yassin et al. 2016) in exhaled breath sensors (Kim et al. 2016) etc. ...
Reversible photochromic hybrid organic–inorganic films containing nanocrystalline cellulose as a matrix and tungsten oxide as a photochromic component (CNC/WO3) were obtained via a simple and quick solvent casting method. The films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, together with element mapping, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, confirming successful incorporation of WO3 nanoparticles into a nanocellulose matrix. Thermal analysis data indicated that the modification of a nanocellulose matrix with WO3 increases its thermal stability. The CNC/WO3 films showed a quick coloration-bleaching transition with good reversibility within 20 min, without notable degradation of photochromic properties after 10 cycles. The synthetic method proposed allows for scalable preparation of highly efficient low-cost WO3-based photochromic materials.
Graphic abstract
... The inhibitory effect on MMP activity was also observed for less popular particles. Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) nanoplates decreased MMP7 gene expression in HeLa cells [42], whereas selenium NPs (Se NPs) inhibited MMP2 activity in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells [41]. An inhibition of MMP activity and/or expression was also observed for cells treated with carbon-based NPs. ...
... Nonetheless, a considerable part of research showed that the most likely mechanism of NP action is the deregulation of the expression of genes encoding the appropriate MMPs at the transcriptional (mRNA) level [20,22,24,25,30,32,42,44,45,51,53]. Several studies revealed altered gene expression confirmed at the protein level [26, 33-35, 39, 40, 43, 55] or final enzyme activity without measuring the protein level [21,28,31] (Figure 2). ...
Matrix metallopeptidases, commonly known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are a group of proteolytic enzymes whose main function is remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM). Changes in the activity of these enzymes are observed in many pathological states, including cancer metastases. An increasing body of evidence indicates that nanoparticles (NPs) can lead to deregulation of MMPs expression and/or activity, both in vitro and in vivo. In this work we summarized current state of knowledge on the NPs impact on MMPs. The literature analysis showed that impact of NPs on the MMPs expression and/or activity is inconclusive, NPs exhibit both stimulating and inhibitory effects, which might dependent on multiple factors, such as NPs size and coating or a cellular model used in the research.
... Different morphologies of WO 3 have been synthesized by various approaches such as one-dimensional nanorods [26], two-dimensional nanoplates [27], and spherical nanoparticles [28]. The unique properties and structures of WO 3 nanoparticles make them proper material candidates for several industrial and medical applications such as sensors [27], water treatment [26], electrochromic [29], anti-cancer [30], and antimicrobial [31]. To prompt the wound healing and tissue regeneration, effective wound dressings are boosted by antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents for impeding the local infection of wounds with pathogenic microorganisms and being the healing process [32]. ...
In this study, new hydrogel membranes were developed based on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) supplemented with tungsten oxide for further implementing in wound treatment. HEC hydrogel membranes were fabricated and crosslinked using citric acid (CA). Various tests were carried out including FTIR, XRD, porosity measurements, swelling, mechanical properties, gel fraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the prepared membranes as wound dressing material. In addition, wound healing activity of the examined membranes for human dermal fibroblast cell line was investigated employing in vitro scratching model. Furthermore, the potency of the prepared membranes to suppress wound complications was studied via determination of their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities exploiting MTT, ELISA, and disk agar diffusion methods. The results demonstrated that the HEC hydrogel membranes revealed an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial efficacy. Moreover, HEC improved the safety of tungsten oxide toward normal human cells (white blood cells and dermal fibroblast). Furthermore, HEC membranes loaded with WO3 revealed the highest activities against Salmonella sp. pursued by P. aeruginosa in compared with the negative HEC hydrogel membrane. The current approach corroborated that HEC amended by tungsten oxide could be applied as a promising safe candidate for wound dressing material.
... Hasan et al. reported that the biosafe anticancer ac- tivities of WO 3 nanoparticles against the rat liver cells [27]. Yassin et al. also reported the biocompatible nature of WO 3 nanomaterials with anti cancer activities against both cervix and colon cancer cells [28]. ...
In this study, soft chemical route has been adopted for the synthesis of Co doped WO3 nanoplates. The prepared samples are crystallized into monoclinic phase of WO3 and composed of two dimensional (2-D) nanoplates. The substitution of Co²⁺ ions on the sites of W⁶⁺ ions has been confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The presence of functional groups and chemical bonding has been verified through FTIR and Raman spectra. Narrowing of the optical gap with Co doping has been observed which is linked with formation defects levels in the band of WO3. The Co doping has been found to be very effective in enhancing the visible light driven photodegradation activity of WO3 nanoplates up to 90% which is attributed to trapping photo-generated electrons by defects. Furthermore, Co doped WO3 nanoplates have also shown good anticancer activities against human breast (MSF-7) and lever (Hep-2) cancer cells.
