Figure - available from: Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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As developments in natural gas pipelines increasingly incorporate higher grades of steel, larger diameters, and higher pressures, the consequences of an accident caused by leakage, explosion, or ignition become progressively more severe. Currently, major technical obstacles include the quantification of the impact of an explosion shock wave of a hi...
Citations
Steam boiler explosions happen all over the world as an Internet search will reveal. A steam explosion occurs when some mechanism causes the shell of a vessel containing high‐pressure water and steam to rupture. Vapor explosions in the hydrocarbon processing and the transportation industries occur all too often. Explosions are characterized by the amount of hydrocarbon product involved in the initial explosion and the resulting damage. Mathematical analysis techniques can be used to help defining the cause of a gas cloud or TNT equivalent explosion. Temperature and blast waves from the explosion result in damage and debris that can be used to help defining the source and cause. There appears to be no realistic safe distance from such explosions, and first responders need to be well trained and prepared.
