A schematic diagram illustrates the selection of cloudy and clear periods for comparison between radiosonde profiles and MWR retrievals. Three blue (red) vertical lines represent the ±30 min cloudy (clear) period centered at the sounding time of 12 (00) UTC. The MWR-retrieved (a) temperature, (c) vapor density, and (e) relative humidity profiles are first averaged in a 1 h interval centered at the sounding time and then compared with the corresponding radiosonde measured (b) temperature, (d) vapor density, and (f) relative humidity profiles. (g) Sky conditions are separated into clear and cloudy skies with the cloud base height derived from IRT equipped on MWR.