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A part of the 0.5 mm tertiary follicle with incipient cavity formation (CF). Follicular cells are placed on a clearly visible zona pellucida (ZP) and form corona radiata (CR). Fatty drops (arrow) can be seen in the cytoplasm of the oocyte (O) and chromatin in the nucleus (thick arrow). The membrana basalis (MB) is clearly visible separating the stratum granulosum (SG) from the theca interna (TI). (Ewe 32 days postpartum, staining H-E, 100 μm bar, 400x).
Source publication
The distribution of healthy and atretic follicles on the ovarian surface of improved Valachian ewes 17, 24, and 32 days postpartum is reported in this study. The number of healthy follicles was higher on day 24 postpartum and their mean diameter tended to increase to day 32 (P < 0.05) with the greatest diameter of 5 mm. 78–81% of atretic follicles...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... rate of atresia did not vary significantly between the days (P > 0.05; day 17-82%, day 24-84%, and day 32-89%). The number of healthy follicles (Figures 3, and 4) was higher on day 24 postpartum and their mean diameter tended to increase to day 32 (P < 0.05) with the greatest diameter of 5 mm. Early atresia ( Figure 5) tended to be higher on day 32, and the maximum size of the follicles with this type of atresia was 5.3 mm on day 24. ...Similar publications
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Citations
... Evidence has accumulated that many factors, including abrupt changes in the breeding environment and hazardous feed additives, can cause aberrant follicular development and follicular atresia in laying hens [18][19][20]. Hg is the most toxic in various feeds and showed the serious risk to animal reproductive performance. In mammals, follicular development is crucial to the reproductive performance [21]. ...
The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of selenium on mercury-mediated apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells in laying hens. Moreover, the ATF6/CHOP pathway was investigated to explore the mechanism in this progress. Hg, Se, and 4-phenyl butyric acid were used alone or in combination to treat the cells. Our results showed that the nuclear in cells became condensate after Hg exposure, while Se addition significantly alleviated this change. Hg exposure significantly induced the apoptosis and the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, co-treatment of Se significantly inhibited these effects (P < 0.05). Additionally, Hg exposure dramatically elevated the gene expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), caspase-3 (P < 0.05), caspase-9 (P < 0.05), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (P < 0.05), activating transcription factor 6 (P < 0.05), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; P < 0.05), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (P < 0.05), tumor necrosis factor-associated factor 2 (P < 0.05), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6; P < 0.05), and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (P < 0.05) in cells, whereas Se addition avoided these changes. The exposure to Hg considerably boosted the expression of ATF6 and CHOP protein (P < 0.05), while Se addition significantly alleviated the above-mentioned enhancements (P < 0.05). In summary, Hg exposure induced apoptosis, which was considerably reduced alleviated by Se addition, which was linked to the ATF6/CHOP pathway in follicular granulosa cells in laying hens.
... Evidence has accumulated that many factors, including abrupt changes in the breeding environment and hazardous feed additives, can cause aberrant follicular development and follicular atresia in laying hens [19][20][21]. Hg is the most toxic in various feeds and showed the serious risk to animal reproductive performance. In mammals, follicular development is crucial to the reproductive performance [22]. ...
The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of selenium on mercury-mediated apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells in laying hens. Moreover, the ATF6/CHOP pathway was investigated to explore the mechanism in this progress. Hg, Se, and 4-phenyl butyric acid were used alone or in combination to treat the cells. Our results showed that the nuclear in cells became condensate after Hg exposure, while Se addition significantly alleviated this change. Hg exposure significantly induced the apoptosis and the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells (P < 0.05), Nevertheless co-treatment of Se significantly inhibited these effects (P < 0.05). Additionally, Hg exposure dramatically elevated the gene expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), Caspase-3 (P < 0.05), Caspase-9 (P < 0.05), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (P < 0.05), activating transcription factor 6 (P < 0.05), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; P < 0.05), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (P < 0.05), tumor necrosis factor-associated factor 2 (P < 0.05), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6; P < 0.05) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (P < 0.05) in cells, whereas Se addition reversed these changes. The exposure to Hg considerably boosted the expression of ATF6 and CHOP protein (P < 0.05), while Se addition significantly alleviated above-mentioned enhancements (P < 0.05). In summary, Hg exposure induced apoptosis, which was considerably reduced alleviated by Se addition, which was linked to the ATF6/CHOP pathway in follicular granulosa cells in laying hens.
... In our goat breed, the detection of signs of the atretic process in all follicular stages confirmed that atresia can occur at all stage of the development. Similar observations have KASSOURI-MAOUCHE, BOUKENAOUI-FERROUK, CHARALLAH MOUDILOU, CHAKHMA, EXBRAYAT, AMIRAT, KHAMMAR also been reported in other vertebrate species such as the rat [22] , sow [23] , human [24] mice [25] , pig [6] , cow [16] , ewe [26] and goat [27] . ...
This study aims to highlight the cellular and molecular events of atresia in the Bedouin goat ovarian follicles. Ovaries collected from slaughterhouses during breeding and non-breeding seasons were submitted to morphological studies and immunolocalization of
active caspase-3. The results showed that ovaries were heavier (P<0.05) during the breeding season. The atresia occurred at all stages of follicular development in breeding and non-breeding seasons. At the preantral stage, degeneration affected primarily oocyte
and active caspase-3 immunoreactivity was detected in the oocyte with a few staining in follicular cells. At the antral stage, atresia affected in first the granulosa layer cells which were characterized by an abnormal indentation of nuclei and positive active caspase-3
immunolabeling. At the early stage of atresia, the granulosa cells exhibited a few pycnotic nuclei and lost their cellular integrity, by getting scattered; these cells were positive to active caspase-3. At the late stage, the scattered cells invaded the antral cavity and the
dead cells were eliminated by phagocytic cells. The oocyte seemed to undertake a long process of atresia via an autophagic pathway and it was the last to die. Finally, the follicle was replaced by a collagen fiber forming a scar of atresia. In conclusion, important
morphological changes occurred in atretic follicles mainly in antral stage by apoptosis via caspase-3 signaling pathway, in breeding and non-breeding seasons.
... In our goat breed, the detection of signs of the atretic process in all follicular stages confirmed that atresia can occur at all stage of the development. Similar observations have KASSOURI-MAOUCHE, BOUKENAOUI-FERROUK, CHARALLAH MOUDILOU, CHAKHMA, EXBRAYAT, AMIRAT, KHAMMAR also been reported in other vertebrate species such as the rat [22] , sow [23] , human [24] mice [25] , pig [6] , cow [16] , ewe [26] and goat [27] . ...
This study aims to highlight the cellular and molecular events of atresia in the Bedouin goat ovarian follicles. Ovaries collected from
slaughterhouses during breeding and non-breeding seasons were submitted to morphological studies and immunolocalization of
active caspase-3. The results showed that ovaries were heavier (P<0.05) during the breeding season. The atresia occurred at all stages
of follicular development in breeding and non-breeding seasons. At the preantral stage, degeneration affected primarily oocyte
and active caspase-3 immunoreactivity was detected in the oocyte with a few staining in follicular cells. At the antral stage, atresia
affected in first the granulosa layer cells which were characterized by an abnormal indentation of nuclei and positive active caspase-3
immunolabeling. At the early stage of atresia, the granulosa cells exhibited a few pycnotic nuclei and lost their cellular integrity, by
getting scattered; these cells were positive to active caspase-3. At the late stage, the scattered cells invaded the antral cavity and the
dead cells were eliminated by phagocytic cells. The oocyte seemed to undertake a long process of atresia via an autophagic pathway
and it was the last to die. Finally, the follicle was replaced by a collagen fiber forming a scar of atresia. In conclusion, important
morphological changes occurred in atretic follicles mainly in antral stage by apoptosis via caspase-3 signaling pathway, in breeding
and non-breeding seasons.
Keywords: Atresia, Apoptosis, Active caspase-3, Breeding season, Non-breeding season, Bedouin goat
The aim of this study was assessing the finalization of follicular atresia process in sows presenting hyperestrogenism. Ovaries harvested from 5 sows with clinical signs of hyperestrogenism (repeated estrus, weakly expressed, infertility, vulvar edema) were processed for histological examination. Small follicles (primordial, primary) finalize the atresia process quickly and the area is invaded by stroma. In the case of medium size follicles (secondary), the oocyte and surrounding cells disappear rather quickly, but zona pellucida persists for a period of time, which in turn breaks up in smaller fragments and gradually disappears. As for the large follicles (cavitary), involution takes place in a longer period of time, the antrum is invaded by connective tissue and finally the fibrosis of the former follicle takes place. Thus, the finalization of follicular atresia depends on the size and complexity of the follicle when entering the atresia process. Follicular atresia process takes place similarly to the physiological one in the case of hyperestrogenism. The difference consists in the evolving speed and the number of engaged follicles.
Hormonal treatment during the non-breeding season is effective at precise synchronization of oestrus for fixed time insemination with the ability to increase ovulation rate in ewes. Three methods of assisted oestrus in Vallachian ewes were studied during the non-breeding season – group A: control, groups B, C: application of 20 mg flugestone acetate impregnated intravaginal sponges for 12 days + 1000 IU/500 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin, respectively, on day of sponge withdrawal, group D/ovsynch protocol (day –9: lecirelinum 0.0125 mg/head, day –3: cloprostenolum 0.0375 mg/head, day -1: lecirelinum 0.0125 mg/head), n=6 for each. Laparotomy was carried out on ewes of all groups 24 h after the last treatment. Ovaries were collected, measured, and their volume was calculated, surface follicles were counted and measured, too. Blood was collected on the last day of treatment and on the day of laparotomy and progesterone (P4), oestradiol-17ß E2), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations were analyzed in blood serums. E2 concentrations were significantly higher on day of laparotomy in groups A and C. P4 and IGF-I concentrations did not vary between or among groups. Volumes of the ovaries were significantly higher in control group when compared to groups B and D. Not a single treatment affected number or size of the follicles on the ovaries of Vallachian sheep positively, regardless the most effective treatment for assisted oestrous in the non-breeding season is found to be the use of progestogen vaginal sponges with 1000 IU eCG which may increase the ovulation rate.
