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Ibadan is a highly populated city, characterized by environmental problems arising from improper disposal of solid and liquid wastes, poor wastes collection and handling. We therefore investigated the seasonal limnology and nutrient load of the river system in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria during the dry season (October 2003-March 2004) and rainy seas...
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The present study is the analysis of some selected heavy metals and assessment of water quality based on Water Quality Index (WQI) method in chosen villages of champavathi river basin in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Ten different villages were chosen for the study. Different ground water and well water samples were collected and...
Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), permanganate index (PI), chloride and nutrient salts were measured in water samples, collected from 12 sites of Manzala Lake during winter and summer, 2015. A lot of fluctuations were observed in these pa...
The study was carried out to assess the water quality of the Jamuna river affected by effluents discharged from the nearby Jamuna Fertilizer Company Limited and its temporal change over wet and dry seasons due to change of the physico-chemical parameters. Effluents of the factories and water samples were collected from four different selected stati...
Autotrophic denitrification has been widely studied for odor mitigation, corrosion control and nitrogen removal in recent years. This paper examines the response of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) driven autotrophic denitrification under short-term stress of dissolved sulfide. A series of batch tests were conducted to investigate the effect of diff...
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... Ibadan (Oyo state, Nigeria) is the largest city in West Africa and the second largest in Africa, with land size covering an area of 240km2. The city is located on geographic grid reference longitude 3º 5E, latitude 7º 20N (Adedokun et al., 2008). Ibadan is situated at an average height of 200m above sea level, drained by three major river basins (Ogunpa, Ona and Ogbere) and surrounded by secondary rainforest as well as a savanna. ...
This paper investigates perception and awareness of secondary schools' students towards ecotourism in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria. Stratified random and purposive sampling techniques were employed for the study. A total of two hundred and forty students (240) were selected from 12 schools (six public and six private) for the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from this study showed that 55.8% of the students were female, 80.4% and 15.0% were within the age range of 11-15 years and 0-10years respectively, 60.0% were Christian, and 39.2% were Islam. The findings also revealed how students felt about ecotourism. 88.8% of students believed that ecotourism is important, 92.5% agreed that it need to be taught in schools, and 89.6% felt that ecotourism destinations should have support by the government. Furthermore, the results showed the students' level of awareness regarding ecotourism: 50.8% of them did not know about it, 68.3% were taught about it in school, 89.2% reported that their school did not have an ecotourism social club, 50.8% was aware about ecotourism sites, and 56.7% had visited them. The mean weight score and perception score of students for ecotourism awareness and perception were all positive. There is no significant relationship between ecotourism awareness of the students and their perception about ecotourism. Also, the correlation between awareness and perception is 0.101, which is positive but not statistically significant (p-value = 0.118). This suggests that there is a weak positive relationship between ecotourism awareness and perception, but this relationship is not strong enough to conclude that there is a significant relationship. The study recommends that ecotourism education should be integrated into the school curriculum to increase the awareness and knowledge of students about ecotourism and the government should support ecotourism sites by providing necessary infrastructure and policies that promote conservation of natural resources.
... The rate of intake of nutrients and retention, as well as the accumulation of heavy metals like mercury and lead in mangroves, is impacted by fluctuations in water pH (Cabañas-Mendoza et al. 2020). This phenomenon is influenced by several factors, including bicarbonate decomposition, freshwater influx, and the presence of colloidal particles (Adedokun et al. 2013). On the other hand, it is worth noting that the water-based solution within the interstitial spaces of mangrove ecosystems can harbour a noteworthy quantity of trace elements. ...
Mangroves represent highly important coastal ecological systems on a global scale. Despite being highly examined ecosystems, the literature reveals several knowledge gaps regarding the impact of soil-water relationships in mangrove forests. This comprehensive literature review integrates extant studies on the impact of soil-water relationships within mangrove ecosystems at global and local levels, with the aim of identifying the factors that facilitate or impede their capacity to flourish productivity. Our findings demonstrate that various biogeochemical processes that take place in soil and water have an impact on the functioning and balance of mangrove ecosystems. These processes prompt mangroves to develop ecophysiological adaptations that enable them to mitigate the effects of harsh environmental stressors and changes, predominantly caused by anthropogenic activities. Alterations in both the physical and chemical properties of soil and water within mangrove ecosystems can have a direct impact on their distribution, density, and diversity. The review underscores the necessity of establishing appropriate policies and governance mechanisms for the protection and conservation of mangroves. The interplay between soil and water has a significant bearing on the functioning of mangrove ecosystems, with potential implications for productivity and functionality as anthropogenic and natural phenomena constantly alter their physicochemical properties.
... In addition biological oxidation of ammonia generate nitrate in aquatic environment with the breakdown of protein. Concentration of nitrate indicates high population pressure and agricultural development, as well as fecal pollution (Adedokun et al., 2008) in aquatic ecosystem. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients recorded in the present study observed much lower than the Malaysia NWQS (DOE, 2008) acceptable limits that indicates the healthy ecosystem of river estuary. ...
... Nair et al. (2006) while studying the ground water quality of north east Libya gated that addition of rain water rich in oxygen can increase the level of oxygen in water. Koli and Ranga (2011) have stated that high temperature decreases oxygen holding capacity of water Adedokun (2008) during their study on the river system in Ibadan Metropolis also recorded higher (upto31mg/l) dissolved oxygen during the any season and lower (upto 8.2mg/l) during the dry season. ...
How to cite this article: Barua, J.R.M., Hussain, P., Hazarika, R.A., Kader, N.A. and Roy, N.K. (2021). Physicochemical study of livestock farm oriented wastewater as a source of surface water pollution. J. Anim. Res., 11(3): 421-431. ABSTRACT The water from surface source provides sustenance to plants, animals, constituents of the habitat for aquatic animals and to meet importance of agricultural and industrial need. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the physicochemical properties of livestock farm oriented wastewater in and around Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam. Five farms were selected and wastewater samples from these livestock farms were analysed to find out bacteriological quality using standard analytical methods. The wastewater samples were collected on a monthly basis for a period of 7 months. In the present study temperature, total alkalinity, sulphate concentration, total suspended solids, total solids, chloride concentration, calcium concentration, turbidity,electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen were ranged from 18.21°C to 27.87°C, 45.00 mg/L to 50.25 mg/L, 145.99 mg/L to 165.65 mg/L, 840.24 mg/L to 875.40 mg/L, 1700.96 mg/L to 1720.81 mg/L, 148.19 mg/L to 164.53 mg/L, 155.99 mg/L to 175.81 mg/L,936.00 NTU to 943.52 NTU, 10.20 ms/cm to 18.00 ms/cm and 14.30 mg/L to 18.39 mg/L respectively. Out of 140 samples studied, most of the samples were found to have the different physicochemical parameters within the prescribed limits with exceptions such as Total Dissolved Solids (860.71 mg/l), Nitrate (248.98 mg/l), pH (12.20) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (18.25 mg/l). Significant difference between the samples in different months was observed during the study period. Thus, the present study on farm wastewater sources in and around Khanapara indicated that proper wastewater treatment is required in the livestock farms to prevent surface water pollution. HIGHLIGHTS m Physicochemical properties of livestock farm oriented wastewater in and around Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam m Proper wastewater treatment is required in the livestock farms to prevent surface water pollution
... High levels of suspended solids can cause a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis so that the primary productivity of waters decreases and food chain will be disrupted. According to Oa et al. (2008), high suspended solids will affect aquatic biota in two ways. First, blocking and reducing the intensity of sunlight into water bodies, so that process of photosynthesis is inhibited. ...
... Nitrate is a form of nitrogen compounds and nutrients essential for the growth, reproduction and life of organisms. According to Oa et al. (2008), nitrate compounds are formed as the end product of ammonia biochemical oxidation resulting from protein breakdown. Nitrate and nitrite content in river water is highly dependent on microbial transportation which also depends on DO levels. ...
... Nitrate and nitrite content in river water is highly dependent on microbial transportation which also depends on DO levels. Nitrate contamination in surface water was signi icantly found in areas with high population and agricultural development areas Oa et al. (2008). Results showed that the average nitrate levels ranged from 0.42 to 1.05 mg/L, with an overall mean level of 0.82 mg/L. ...
The Dendeng River is vital for economic sustainability and viability for the community, industry and commerce around the flood plain of the river as well as raw water sources of the Kupang PDAM. However, increased domestic and industrial waste disposal along the river has caused severe pollution. One way to maintain the quality of the river is by continuously monitoring the pollutants and applying technology control as well as controlling strategy. The aim of the research mainly is to establish the water quality status of Dendeng River by water pollution Index method based on parameter physics and chemistry, i.e. pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P. The research was carried out based on field survey and sample examined in situ and in laboratory. The removal of water sample from Dendeng River conducted based on composite sampling as many as six point locations of Dendeng River as representative of upstream up to downstream zone. The quality status of Dendeng River is in good condition to lightly polluted with a pollution index value of 0.6 to 1.52. Value of the DO, BOD, COD, and phosphate content were higher than the allowable class 1 standard. The Water Quality Index value of Dendeng River was 86.67, which is included in the good water quality class.
... The average precipitation in Erhai Lake from Jun. to Oct. was 168.4 mm, significantly higher than that in other months (32.7 mm) ( Fig. 18(d)). The concentrated precipitation can bring nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus into the lake, making the pollution load in the rainy season higher than that in the other seasons (Adedokun et al., 2008). ...
Satellite remote sensing technology presents advantages of macroscopicity, timeliness and cost effectiveness and has been increasingly used in lake water quality monitoring. In this paper, an empirical model for the remote sensing inversion of the chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration in Erhai Lake was established using ground monitoring Chl-a concentration data and multispectral remote sensing data from environmental satellites from 2010 to 2017. The average absolute error and relative error were 1.92 mg/m³ and 22%, respectively. A 10-year remote sensing inversion of Erhai blooms identified the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of blooms and showed that the occurrence frequency of blooms was 37%, and they were mainly in the form of light algal blooms at a local scale. Moderate and severe blooms occurred at a frequency of 42%, mainly from Oct. to Jan. Moderate algal blooms were distributed along the southern and northern coasts and in coastal areas, while severe algal blooms were distributed in the northern section and across the entire lake. During the bloom period, the growth rate of the bloom area reached 102 km²/d, which was faster than the reduction rate (90 km²/d). Bloom events generally lasted for 6–37 days. The inflow of pollution sources led to a higher frequency of blooms in the coastal zone than in the lake center, and the frequency in the northern section was nearly twice as high as that in the southern section. Most blooms in Erhai Lake occurred from late summer to winter (i.e., Jul. to Jan. of the following year) because of the higher average air temperature (AT) and lower wind speed (WS) in winter and spring and the amount of precipitation in summer and autumn. The remote sensing method captured the high-risk areas and the spatial-temporal evolution trend of algal blooms, and the model provided support for the prevention and control of lake algal blooms; however, this work should be complemented by ground monitoring data for cloudy days.
... Fluvial systems which traverse urban corridors are vulnerable to a significant deterioration in quality and health status [1,78,96]. The vulnerability of river watersheds to diffuse pollutants has been attributed to anthropogenic pressure around riverine environments [1,70]. ...
... Fluvial systems which traverse urban corridors are vulnerable to a significant deterioration in quality and health status [1,78,96]. The vulnerability of river watersheds to diffuse pollutants has been attributed to anthropogenic pressure around riverine environments [1,70]. To ascertain the quality of such vulnerable systems, a combination of water quality parameters measured along the stretch of watersheds has been used to demonstrate the impact of various anthropogenic stressors entering from surrounding landscapes [110]. ...
The disruption of watersheds due to indiscriminate land use and urban development increases the vulnerability of adjacent surface water to contaminants of anthropogenic origin. This study assessed the relationship between disrupted watershed, drinking water quality and health risks of two urban rivers: Ureje and Awedele, Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria). Monthly samples of surface water (n = 60, per river) collected across seasons for 6 months (January-June, 2017) were analyzed for twenty-nine drinking water parameters including metals, nutrients (phosphates and nitrates) and pathogens using standard methods. The diference in the mean concentration of parameters between rivers was determined using t test, while the association between change in seasons and water quality parameters of both rivers was highlighted using principal component analysis (PCA). The risk was assessed based on on-site inspection studies and water sample analysis using WHO semiquantitative risk matrix approach. Inferences on surface water vulnerability were made from percentage built-up areas, riparian cover and stream order within each watershed. Mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, nitrates and coliform presence in samples from Awedele river (0.02 ± 0.00; 0.005 ± 0.001; 5.44 ± 1.33; 0.81 ± 0.03; 58.03 ± 0.10 mg/L; 1.2 × 10 6 MPN/100 ml, respectively) and Cd, Fe, Mn, nitrates and coliform in samples from Ureje river (0.004 ± 0.0001; 4.96 ± 0.12; 0.54 ± 0.01; 62.08 ± 0.02 mg/L; 1.6 × 10 3 MPN/100 ml, respectively) were above the permissible limits of WHO drinking guidelines. Risk assessment revealed urban runof and unsanitary practices within the watershed as possible hazardous events which may compromise water quality of both rivers, while the PCA associated greater likelihood of surface water deterioration with areas of a higher percentage built-up area and lesser riparian density and width. We infer that disrupted watersheds and greater riparian depletion due to urbanization increased chances of metals and pathogens incidence that negatively impacts water. A twofold strategy of policy protection of watersheds and public health education on sourcing polluted surface water is recommended.
... Nitrite concentration in the PRE was ranged Zhang et al. (2010a,b). Adedokun et al. (2008) documented that a higher amount of nitrite is found in the rainy season. ...
The Pasur River Estuary (PRE) is the largest and most important river supporting the world’s largest Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, located in the southwestern coastal zone of Bangladesh. In this study, the spatial variation of ecological parameters in the
PRE was investigated and interpreted using different multivariate statistical techniques such as Cluster Analysis (CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Factor Analysis (FA). Data were collected during the dry seasons from March 2018 to March 2019 at fifteen sampling stations along the main axis of the estuary. Ecological parameters were varied as follows: temperature (20.69-33.65° C), pH (7.11-7.86), salinity (8.47-16.15 PSU), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.97-8.43 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDS) (9.77-16.91 ppt), nitrite (0.001-0.039 mg/L), nitrate (0.01-0.08 mg/L), ammonia-nitrogen (0.04-2.11 mg/L), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (0.09-2.15 mg/L), phosphate (0.07-5.82 mg/L) and chlorophyll a (0.02-0.44 µg/L). Ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+) was the dominant DIN species in the PRE during the study period. Higher concentrations of NH4+ in the water column during the dry season can be largely attributed to the release by tidal wash-out of the surficial mangrove sediments. Among the ecological parameters, only the chlorophyll a concentration varied significantly among the sampling stations. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to elucidate the correlation among the ecological parameters in the PRE during the dry season. Temperature showed a significant positive correlation with salinity, TDS and significant negative correlation with DO. Similarly, salinity showed a significant positive correlation with TDS and a negative correlation with DO. Besides these, chlorophyll a showed no significant correlation with the water quality parameters and the nutrient distribution. Cluster analysis grouped the ecological parameters into two different clusters as follows: cluster 1 (salinity, TDS, temperature and NH4+), cluster 2 (pH, DO, NO3-, NO2-, PO43- and chlorophyll a). According to PCA analysis, temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and phosphate were the most influential parameters contributing to the water quality fluctuations in the PRE. The values of DIN:DIP ratio was found to be very low (5.02) compared to the standard value of Redfield ratio indicating the N-limitation in the PRE during the dry season, either due to the denitrification process that effectively reduces N load from the estuarine systems or the competition among the microbial communities for inorganic N requirements.
... It can be used collaboratively to fulfil complex tasks that require a high degree of intelligence. For this intelligence and interconnection, IoT devices are equipped with embedded sensors, actuators, processors, and transceivers [2]. Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) have an essential influence on all elements of human life. ...
In Egypt, the current water quality monitoring program involves thorough physio-chemical and biological analyses. However, there is still a lack of real-time water quality data that influences the urgent decision making process. The field acquisition of such data has still been costly, lengthy and laborious. Therefore, this paper aims to present a low-cost and labor-saving Early Warning Framework (EWF) for water quality monitoring of the River Nile based on the Internet of Things (IOT). A newly developed Prototype was introduced to monitor the in-situ water quality parameters; pH, turbidity and temperature at a pilot location along the River Nile within Egypt. The same parameters were also monitored using the current state-of-the-art multi-probe EXO.Then, both sets of data measurements were sent to a real-time monitoring control center for comparison and calibration. The comparison results revealed that there is no significant difference between the two measurements according to a statistical analysis done using the Minitab 16 statistical model. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values showed that the error percentages were accepted for the three monitored parameters (0.19 for pH, 0.056 for temperature, and 0.52 for turbidity). Moreover, the overall cost of the developed Prototype including sensors, raspberry Pi and all other expenses was found to be only 197 $ as compared to 11,130 $ when using EXO. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the developed Prototype can provide a low-cost early warning system for water quality monitoring. Finally, it is strongly recommended to install developed real-time water quality monitoring stations as economic wireless hotspots at a number of strategic sites along the River Nile within Egypt.
... Mean dissolved oxygen ranged between 8.26 mg/L to 8.90 mg/L in different water sources of the study area. Value could be compared with Ethiope River (6.85 mg/L) (Aisien et al., 2010), Kabul River (6.5 mg/L) (Khan and Khan, 1997) and Alaro River (6.27 mg/L) (Adedokun et al., 2008). Oxygen concentration indicated a low level of pollution in water of the study area. ...
... Some tributaries, particularly Shonter, laden by heavy girt enhanced turbidity of river water. Turbidity level in study area was higher than Ethiope River (4.20 NTU) (Aisien et al., 2010) and Alaro River (7.35 NTU) (Adedokun et al., 2008). Normal range of turbidity variations has no influence on fish rearing and distribution in study area, though elevated turbidity can decrease the feeding and growth rates of fishes (Mcleay et al., 1987;Sigler et al., 1984;Gardner, 1981). ...
... Mean pH range in different water sources of the study area was slightly basic (7.62 to 7.69), which was considered good for fish growth. pH of the surface water of study area is less than Ethiope River (5.1) (Aisien et al., 2010), and close to Koshi River (7.9), Kabul (7.4) and Alaro (7.59), respectively (Yadav and Rajesh, 2011;Adedokun et al., 2008;Khan and Khan, 1997). ...
Present study deals with the fish distribution in River Neelum and measures the effect of physicochemical parameters on fish distribution. Temperature, pH, DO, hardness, alkalinity, and electric conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, nitrite, nitrate and sulphate were analyzed from different tributaries and their mixing point with River Neelum. All the parameters were in the range of guideline values set for surface water by WHO. A total 8 fish species including Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta fario, Glyptothorax kashmirensis, Triplophysa stoliczkai, Diptychs maculatus, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Triplophysa kashmirensis and Glyptosternum reticulatum were recorded in the six river sites during study period. Maximum (8) fish species were recorded at Saonar followed by Sharda and Taobutt (7 each), Yamgar (6) and Sangli (5), whereas the minimum fish diversity was noted at Shonter (4). Temperature showed a highly significant (p<0.01) correlation with fish distribution in the River Neelum. Sharda and Janawai tributaries identified the most suitable waters for fish farming. Results showed that AJ&K is least polluted area. However circumstances may be changed in future due to the construction of dams on River Neelum in occupied Kashmir. At the completion of these dams, water flow will be decreased and pollutants will be concentrated in rest of the water. The level of pollution thence may exceed the WHO guidelines set for surface water. This baseline study can be used as a reference for future exploration.
