Table 2 - uploaded by Ryoji Hirai
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A male-to-female ratio and solitary and multiple occurrences in the pharyngeal papilloma and control (laryngeal papilloma) groups
Source publication
A number of reports have investigated the relationship between laryngeal papilloma and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the HPV infection is involved in the occurrence of pharyngeal papilloma. We hypothesized that HPV infection was involved in the occurrence of pharyngeal papilloma similarly to larynge...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... were 16 solitary (88.9%) and 2 multiple pharyngeal papilloma cases (11.1%), while there were 4 solitary (26.6%) and 11 multiple laryngeal papilloma cases (73.3%). Pharyngeal papilloma occurred as a solitary lesion signiWcantly more often (P = 0.028) ( Table 2). The HPV high-risk group was examined in both pharyn- geal and laryngeal papilloma cases, and all tested cases were negative for infection. ...
Context 2
... addition, the HPV low-risk group was examined and all pharyngeal cases were also negative for infection. Meanwhile, 10 in 15 laryngeal papil- loma cases (66.7%) were positive ( Table 2). The infection rate for the HPV low-risk group was signiWcantly lower in the pharyngeal papilloma cases than in the laryngeal papil- loma cases (P = 0). ...
Citations
... CLART HPV 2 (Genomica, Madrid, Spain), a commercial low-density microarray kit based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was used for HPV DNA detection and genotyping. It enables the identification of 35 different HPV genotypes, 18 HR-HPVs (16,18,26,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,53,56,58,59,66,68,73, and 82), and 17 low-risk (LR) HPVs (6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 62, 70, 71, 72, 81, 83, 84, 85, and 89). ...
... with a 3.8-fold higher prevalence of HPV infection in LSP than in OPSP. This result is consistent with previous epidemiological studies, although only a few demonstrated comparative data at these sites [16][17][18][19]. Earlier studies, including a Japanese study, which was the only study that conducted a direct comparison between OPSP and LSP, reported a prevalence of 0% (0/18) for HPV infection in OPSP and 66.7% (10/15) in LSP [18]. ...
... This result is consistent with previous epidemiological studies, although only a few demonstrated comparative data at these sites [16][17][18][19]. Earlier studies, including a Japanese study, which was the only study that conducted a direct comparison between OPSP and LSP, reported a prevalence of 0% (0/18) for HPV infection in OPSP and 66.7% (10/15) in LSP [18]. Similarly, among studies that included the oropharynx and larynx as serial sites for head and neck SPs, an Italian study in 2017 revealed a prevalence of 6.9% (3/43) and 66.7% (4/6) for HPV infection in OPSP and LSP, respectively, with a 9.7-fold difference in prevalence [17]. ...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as an etiologic factor of squamous papilloma (SP). The oropharynx and larynx are common sites of SP, but studies on the prevalence of HPV infection in these sites are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence and characteristics of HPV infection in oropharyngeal SP (OPSP) and laryngeal SP (LSP). HPV detection and genotyping data of patients with pathologically confirmed OPSP and LSP were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 119 patients were enrolled, consisting of 93 patients with OPSP and 26 patients with LSP. Of those patients, 13 patients with OPSP and 14 patients with LSP were positive for HPV infection, accounting for a prevalence of 14.0% and 53.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). The most prevalent genotype was HPV16 in OPSP and HPV6 in LSP. Over two-thirds (69.2%) of HPV(+)-OPSP infections were high-risk types compared with 14.3% of HPV(+)-LSP infections (p = 0.004). The prevalence of HPV infection in patients with OPSP and LSP demonstrated no differences in terms of age, sex, and smoking status. These results could provide a better understanding of HPV infection in OPSP and LSP and serve as a background for the epidemiology of HPV-related tumorigenesis of the oropharynx and larynx.
... Although the most common sites of this benign tumor have been proposed to be the soft palate, lip and gingiva (1,11), the tongue was suggested to be the most common site (8,10). However, squamous cell papilloma has also been documented to occur in the trachea, nasal cavity, sinuses, external auditory canal, esophagus and throat (12)(13)(14). The majority of cases are characterized by the absence of a clear unified set of symptoms, with clinical manifestations typically arising from secondary symptoms caused by physical obstruction. ...
... Few reports detail the physical findings of hypopharyngeal papillomas. 1,2 We report a case of squamous cell papilloma of the hypopharynx with elongated villous projections, a presentation not previously described. Papillomas on mucosal surfaces typically appear as soft, pedunculated masses with finger-like projections. ...
Key Clinical Message
Squamous cell papilloma with elongated villous projections may occur in the hypopharynx and present with symptoms observable on physical examination.
... We detected 42 cases in 11.9% (5/42) of HPV cases and did not find HPV6/11 co-infections. This is consistent with the findings of published studies in Europe [2], the US [5], and Japan [11,15]. We identified a positive case of HPV16 in the pharyngeal SPs, which was confirmed by positive p16 immunohistochemistry. ...
Squamous papillomas (SPs) of the head and neck are usually benign lesions associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. However, the reported HPV detection rates vary widely, especially with respect to anatomical distribution. The etiology of SPs in the head and neck remains unclear; analyzing HPV genotypes of SPs based on anatomical sites could assist in clarifying the pathogenesis of SPs in the head and neck. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the prevalence, subtypes, and anatomical distribution of HPV in head and neck SPs at a hospital in China; we also investigated whether p16, a marker of HPV infection in oropharyngeal carcinoma, could serve as a surrogate marker for HPV in head and neck SPs. The presence of HPV DNA of 23 types (5 low-risk HPV and 18 high-risk HPV types) was detected via real-time PCR. p16 immunohistochemistry was performed using SP sections. Age, sex, anatomical location, and HPV subtype were recorded for each case. In total, 105 SPs were identified, including 47 in the larynx, 42 in the pharynx, 6 in the external auditory canal (EAC), 5 in the oral cavity, and 5 in the nasal cavity. HPV was found in 57 (54.3%) cases, with the highest positivity rate in the larynx (46/47; 97.9%). Only 5/42 (11.9%) patients showed HPV positivity in the pharynx. HPV incidence was highly dependent on the anatomical site. SPs in the larynx and EAC were more likely to carry HPV than those in other anatomical sites. High-risk HPV infections were rarely associated with SPs in the head and neck region. The sensitivity and specificity of p16 immunohistochemistry for HPV infection were 88% and 96%, respectively. There may be an association between p16 and HPV infection in head and neck SPs, but further studies are needed to validate this assertion.
... Papillomas in the oral and pharyngolaryngeal regions are benign tumors that generally present exophytic growth with wart-like projections [46,47]. The microscopic features of pharyngeal papillomas typically include papillary architecture, hyperkeratosis, koilocytosis, and fibrovascular cores. ...
During endoscopy, an endoscopist is inevitably faced with the occasional “difficult colonoscopy,” in which the endoscopist finds it challenging to advance the endoscope to the cecum. Beyond optimization of technique, with minimized looping, minimal insufflation, sufficient sedation, and abdominal splinting when needed, sometimes additional tools may be needed. In this review, we cover available techniques and technologies to help navigate the difficult colonoscopy, including the ultrathin colonoscope, rigidizing overtube, balloon-assisted colonoscopy and the abdominal compression device.
... Though there are sufficient data on HPV infection in SPs of the paranasal sinus, larynx, and oral cavity, there are only a few studies on HPV infection in oropharyngeal SP (OPSP) with various geographic distribution. In two studies conducted in Japan involving 12 and 15 patients with OPSP each, HPV infection was not detected in any of the patients [12,13]. In contrast, in a study conducted in Italy, 3 out of 43 patients with OPSP were positive for HPV infection, with a 6.9% prevalence [10]. ...
... The prevalence of HPV infection in OPSP has been reported to be 0-53.8% in six different studies [10,[12][13][14][15]19]. From these six studies, we extracted a total of 197 patients with OPSP and identified 39 HPV-positive cases among them. ...
... This study showed that the prevalence of overall HPV infection in OPSP was 14.5% (12/83), with HPV11, HPV16, HPV58, HPV39/66, and HPV84 genotypes. Data on HPV infection in OPSP are scarce because there have been no studies focusing on HPV infection of OPSP alone, but a few studies have included the oropharynx as an anatomical site for the evaluation of HPV infection in overall head and neck SPs [1,10,12,14,15]. In previous studies, the prevalence of HPV infection in OPSP varied from 0% to 53.8% in different countries (Japan, Italy, US, and Poland), and this wide variation might be attributed to the small number of cases and a large variety of HPV detection methods, along with rapid advancement in HPV detection techniques over time [10,12,14,15]. ...
Simple Summary
Studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal squamous papilloma (OPSP) are lacking, although HPV is a critical oncogenic virus for the development of oropharyngeal cancer. This study evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of HPV infection in OPSP and showed a 14.5% overall prevalence. High-risk HPV accounts for 75% of all HPV infections, with HPV16 being the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 58.3% of all HPV infections. There was a trend toward a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in patients with OPSP aged ≤45 years, never-smokers, and those with multifocal diseases, which corresponded with the clinicodemographic profiles of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. These findings could enhance our understanding of HPV infection in OPSP and could be used as valuable epidemiological data for the management of HPV-associated OPSP.
Abstract
Studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal squamous papilloma (OPSP) are lacking, although HPV infection has been recognized as the primary cause of oropharyngeal cancer for several decades. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of HPV infections in patients with OPSP. We retrospectively enrolled patients with histologically confirmed OPSP in whom the presence of HPV infections and p16 expression were evaluated. The results of HPV infection in OPSP were analyzed according to the clinicodemographic profiles. Of the 83 patients included in this study, HPV test results were positive in 12 patients, with an overall prevalence of 14.5%. HPV genotypes involved low-risk and high-risk HPV types in three (3.6%) and nine (10.8%) patients, respectively. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16, accounting for 58.3% of all HPV infections. None of the OPSPs showed p16 IHC positivity. There were trends toward a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in patients with OPSP aged ≤45 years, never-smokers, and those with multifocal diseases. These findings could enhance our understanding of HPV infection in OPSP and be used as valuable epidemiological data for the management of HPV-associated OPSP and regarding the possible efficacy of HPV vaccinations in OPSP.
... It is unclear whether this difference is associated with the predominance of IWoN lesions in the RRP group. Hirai et al. [7] reported that patients with PP had a significantly lower rate of HPV positivity than those with laryngeal papilloma. In this study, all patients with RRP were HPV positive; among the patients with pharyngeal lesions across both groups, 88.9% were HPV positive. ...
Purpose
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a disorder characterized by the frequent recurrence of benign neoplasms in the respiratory tract. Some patients with RRP develop laryngeal papilloma, while others present with extralaryngeal lesions in the nose, pharynx, and trachea. The present study aimed to determine the pharyngeal sites where RRP-related lesions develop more frequently.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 127 patients treated at our department between January 2015 and December 2020. We compared the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection status and differences in tumor location between 41 patients with RRP and 86 patients with pharyngeal papilloma (PP).
Results
In the RRP group, extralaryngeal papillomata were observed in 10 patients, eight (19.5%) of whom presented with lesions in the inferior wall of the nasopharynx (IWoN). On the contrary, only one patient with PP (1.1%) developed papillomata in this region. IWoN papilloma was significantly more likely to arise in the RRP group than in the PP group (p = 0.0004).
Conclusion
In RRP, pharyngeal lesions frequently arise in the IWoN, while this region remains largely unaffected in patients with PP.
... Two previous studies with small sample sizes suggested that the onset of pharyngeal papilloma ranged in age from 20 to 75 years, with a 50:50 male to female ratio [5,6]. Currently, surgery is the treatment of choice. ...
... The average age of adults with respiratory papilloma is 37 years [9,10]. The mean ages of patients in the two previous papilloma studies were 50.6 and 58 years [5,6]. The results in this study showed that the age of patients with laryngeal papilloma was 31 years, which was significantly lower than for patients with glossal root papilloma (50.5 years) and hypopharyngeal papilloma (51 years). ...
... The sex distribution is also different in pharyngeal and laryngeal papillomas. Ryoji Hirai et al. found that males accounted for 93.3% of laryngeal papillomas and 38.9% of pharyngeal papillomas [6]. Studies have shown significant differences in sex hormone levels between the sexes [11]. ...
Objectives
Papilloma is a common benign epithelial tumor of the respiratory tract in adults. Its histological structure and immune environment vary from site to site. This study investigated the disease characteristics and prognostic differences of papillomas at various primary locations.
Methods
Clinical data was collected from patients with adult glossal root and hypopharyngeal papilloma admitted to our tertiary referral center between January 2010 and December 2020, and compared with patients with laryngeal papilloma. Differences in age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, single or multiple lesions, surgical methods, immunohistochemical indexes, Ki-67 and p16, were analyzed in patients with different primary papilloma sites.
Results
A total of 84 cases of glossal root papilloma, 51 cases of hypopharyngeal papilloma, and 51 cases of laryngeal papilloma were included. Differential analysis between groups showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, sex, smoking, single and multiple lesions, and surgical methods in the different primary sites. Ki-67 expression in laryngeal papilloma was higher than that in glossal root and hypopharyngeal papilloma. There was no significant difference in p16 expression in the three groups. In terms of prognosis, laryngeal papilloma is more likely to relapse than glossal root or hypopharyngeal papilloma, and the recurrence time is shorter.
Conclusions
As the largest clinical study of papilloma in different primary locations, this study found that the clinical characteristics and postoperative recurrence of papilloma of the glossal root and hypopharynx differ from those of papilloma of the larynx. This finding supports the current clinical experience in treating papillomas in different locations and facilitates the development of clinical treatment plans.
... The predominance of HPV in our examination was similar to past investigations on grown-up papillomas as Makiyama et al., [25] who found that (46.1%) of patients with grown-up laryngeal papilloma were positive for HPV-6 and (7.6%) were positive for HPV-11, yet their examination included moderately more modest number of members (13 patients). Hirai et al. [26] found a higher predominance of generally safe HPV (66.7%) in grownup patients with laryngeal papillomas. The way that we found the paces of event of the infection in instances of polyps approximates somewhat the paces of event in instances of grown-up papillomas, this demonstrates the presence of inactive infection in the laryngeal mucosa. ...
... The prevalence of HPV in our study was comparable to previous studies on adult papillomas as Makiyama et al. (25) who found that (46.1%) of patients with adult laryngeal papilloma were positive for HPV-6 and (7.6%) were positive for HPV-11, but their study included relatively smaller number of participants (13 patients). Hirai et al. (26) found a higher prevalence of low-risk HPV (66.7%) in adult patients with laryngeal papillomas. The fact that we found the rates of occurrence of the virus in cases of polyps approximates to some extent the rates of occurrence in cases of adult papillomas, this indicates the presence of latent virus in the laryngeal mucosa. ...
