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A, lectotype of Solanum sarmentosum Sessé & Moc. (=Solanum dulcamaroides Dunal) (MA 604621); B, lectotype of Solanum scandens Sessé & Moc. (=Solanum boldoense Dunal & A DC.) (MA 604676); C, lectotype of Solanum tlacopalense Sessé & Moc. (=Solanum wendlandii Hook. f.) (MA 604681); D, epitype of Solanum uniflorum Sessé & Moc. (=Lycianthes mocinianum (Dunal) Bitter) (MA 604649).
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Lectotypes, neotypes or epitypes are confirmed or designated here for 16 of the 22 names coined by Martín Sessé y Lacasta and José Mariano Mociño that were described as members of the large genus Solanum (Solanaceae): Solanum bifidum, S. cordovense, S. declinatum, S. dichotomum, S. diphyllum, S. lanceifolium, S. lanceolatum, S. lineatum (both homon...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... sion over the naming these two taxa in Sessé and Mo- ciño's manuscripts. As stated above (see S. nutans), I consider it helpful to lectotypify all the names associ- ated with this set of specimens in order to stabilise us- age and synonymy. Two specimens in the Sessé and Mociño herbarium at MA bear original labels of "S. sarmentosum N" [MA 604621 (Fig. 4 A), MA 604624 (F neg. 48317)]. MA 604621 also has a reference to a drawing, as does the protologue; neither of these sheets cites a locality. An additional unlabelled speci- men (MA 604620) is morphologically very similar to MA 604621 and I suggest these come for the same gathering and should be treated as duplicates. The neotype ...
Context 2
... two specimens, and all these collections are potential epitype material for S. dulcamaroides, which is based on one of the Sessé and Mociño drawings seen by Dunal in Montpellier (probably Troner collection 6331.1503, but the paint- ing is not annotated by Dunal or de Candolle, see above). Lectotype (designated here), MA 604676 (F neg. 48318, Fig. 4 B); isolectotype MA 604675 (not pho- tographed at ...
Context 3
... confusion exists over the use of the epithet "scandens" in Sessé and Mociño's works (see above), but it is clear that on page 53 of Flora Mexi- cana, they were using S. scandens in the sense of a new name, different from that of Linnaeus, which they re- named S. nutans (see above and S. sarmentosum). The specimen (MA 604676, Fig. 4 B) labelled "S.scandens IC." in the Sessé and Mociño herbarium at MA with the locality "Hav a . et Queretaro" demonstrates the confusion over the identity of all these plants. MA 604676 (the lectotype) is a specimen of the Cuban en- demic S. boldoense Dunal & A.DC., suggesting [con- firming?] the localities were added to the labels after ...
Context 4
... but could be one of the epiphytic Solanaceae such as Merinthopodium neuranthum (Hemsl.) Donn. Sm., many of which have tuberulate stems. That species, however, is not known from Tabasco or San Luis Potosí, but does occur in Chiapas ( Knapp & al., 2005). Fig. 4 C); isolectotypes, MA 604680 (F neg. 48333), MA 604682 (F neg. ...
Context 5
... type locality is probably near Tlacotalpan which is ca. 50 km NW of San Andrés Tuxtla in Veracruz. Three rather mouldy, leafless specimens of S. wend- landii (MA 604680, MA 604681 ( Fig. 4 C), MA 604682) in the Sessé and Mociño herbarium at MA are clearly duplicates from the same gathering. MA 604680 bears a label in Pavón's hand of "Capsicum frutescens NE" and a fragment of an additional label; MA 604682 and MA 604681 both are labelled "S. heterophyllum D", but MA 604681 has in addition "N Ic. olim Tlaco- talpense" a short ...
Context 6
... The axillary inflorescences suggest a species of Lycianthes, but the subdentate leaves are unusual in Solanum or Lycianthes and may mean this is not a member of either genus, nor even of the Solanaceae. McVaugh (2000a) equates this with the species of the same name in Mociño (1993) from El Salvador, whose identity has not been determined. Fig. 4 ...
Context 7
... "Solanum pauciflorum uniflorum". In the Torner Collection there is also another apparent copy of the original (6331.0641), labelled "Solanum pauci- florum N" (see Fig. 1 in Dean, 1997 and http://hunt- bot.andrew.cmu.edu/HIBD/Departments/Art/Torn er). Specimens labelled with these names ("S. uniflo- rum N", MA 604648 (F neg. 48221), MA 604649 ( Fig. 4 D); "S. pauciflorum N" MA 604651 (F neg. 48227) in MA are therefore candidates for epitypes of S. uni- florum and S. mocinianum. I have chose MA 604649 as the epitype for S. uniflorum because it is well-pre- served, labelled "Solanum uniflorum" and has several stems with flowers. Another of the specimens of Ly- cianthes mociniana (MA ...
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... This plant commonly grows in shady places, and the leaves are simple and appeared dark green. The larger leaves are entire, elliptic to oblong, sometimes broad, and widest at the center [10]. The stems are smooth and fleshy and the older ones are woody [11]. ...
The present study was conducted to standardize a suitable protocol for rapid callus induction and in vitro regeneration in Solanum diphyllum using leaf and stem explants. The explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with 2, 4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), benzyl amino purine (BAP), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations and combinations. Among the growth regulators used, 2, 4-D offered a maximum callus of 93.6 ± 0.48 % at 1.5 mg/L in leaf explants while stem explants showed 89.1 ± 0.74 %. While, a combination of the hormones however did not show significant results. The indirect regeneration was successfully achieved on MS medium containing BAP at 2 mg/L with multiple shoot regenerations frequency of 85.2 ± 0.58% and no responses were noticed in 2, 4-D, and NAA. The rhizogenesis was achieved for regenerated plantlets with a maximum root induction of 86.3 ± 0.54 % on MS medium supplemented with indole butyric acid (IBA) at 0.75 mg/L. Plantlets with well-developed shoots with roots were successfully hardened and acclimatized with an 85% survival rate. Therefore, the outcome of these results revealed that the leaf explant is highly efficient for both calli as well as regeneration in S. diphyllum. Since it is a medicinally important species; our results will be useful to isolate active metabolites by using callus cultures throughout the year.
... in the protologue of Solanum chrysotrichum Schlechtendal (1847: 304-305) Edmonds, 1972;Roe, 1972;Hepper, et al.1986;Bohs, 2001;Knapp, 2007Knapp, , 2008Knapp, , 2009Vorontsova, et al. 2010;Tepe, 2011;Vorontsova, et al. 2013;Knapp, et al. 2015;Knapp, et al. 2016;Heuchert et al. 2017;Särkinen, et al. 2018;Knapp, et al. 2019) revealed that the name has not been typified yet. ...
A neotype is designated for Solanum chrysotrichum Schlechtendal.
... A year later, Dunal (1814) described S. tridynamum Dunal (=S. houstonii) based upon the drawings of José Sessé and Mariano Mociño he had seen either at the herbarium in Geneva or in Montpellier ( Knapp 2008b), but did not associate his new species with S. elaeagnifolium. Based on the collections made by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland during their brief stay in Mexico, Dunal (1816) described S. obtusifolium Dunal (= S. elaeagnifolium) as an additional species in his Leprophora. ...
The Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade) contains five species of small, often rhizomatous, shrubs from deserts and dry forests in North and South America. Members of the clade were previously classified in sections Leprophora, Nycterium and Lathyrocarpum, and were not thought to be closely related. The group is sister to the species-rich monophyletic Old World clade of spiny solanums. The species of the group have an amphitropical distribution, with three species in Mexico and the southwestern United States and three species in Argentina. Solanum elaeagnifolium occurs in both North and South America, and is a noxious invasive weed in dry areas worldwide. Members of the group are highly variable morphologically, and this variability has led to much synonymy, particularly in the widespread S. elaeagnifolium. We here review the taxonomic history, morphology, relationships and ecology of these species and provide keys for their identification, descriptions, full synonymy (including designations of lectotypes) and nomenclatural notes. Illustrations, distribution maps and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.
... A single specimen from the Boissier herbarium (now part of the general collections at G) is therefore the holotype for this name. The complex typification of names for this species based on the Mexican and Central American collections of Martin Sessé and José Mociño is discussed in detail in Knapp (2008b). Robust woody vine or canopy liana to 18 m long, the stems 0.3-0.8 ...
Solanum section Aculeigerum (the Solanum wendlandii group, Solanaceae) comprises eight species ranging from Mexico and Central America to Ecuador and Peru with one species in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. One species, Solanum wendlandii, is commonly cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, and one new species from southern Mexico, Solanum triunfense, is described here. Members of Solanum section Aculeigerum are differentiated from other sections of Solanum by a combination of plurifoliate sympodial units, branched inflorescences, presence of prickles coupled with absence of stellate trichomes, and a vine-like habit. Unlike most other prickly species of Solanum, which are placed into Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, they lack stellate hairs, and phylogenetic studies suggest that the section is one of several potential sister groups for the spiny solanums. A key, descriptions, habitat and distribution data, preliminary conservation assessments, specimens examined and illustrations are provided for all species in Solanum section Aculeigerum. Lectotypes are designated for the following five names: S. aculeolatum M. Martens & Galeotti, S. mazatenangense Coult. & Donn. Sm., S. molinarum J. L. Gentry, S. pachyandrum Bitter, and S. sagranum A. Rich., and neotypes are designated for S. glaucescens Zucc. and S. wendlandii Hook. f.
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to typify all Solanum names that lack precise types, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the third of a series (Knapp, 2007(Knapp, , 2008a on the nomenclature of Solanum in which types for the names described by a particular author (rather than for a taxonomic section of Solanum) are designated. ...
Neotypes are designated for six names coined by Casimiro Gomez Ortega that were described as members of the large genus Solanum (Solanaceae), Solanum crassifolium, S. cymosum, S. ficifolium, S. leprosum, S. subbiflorum, and S. violaceum. A brief introduction describes the role of Gomez Ortega the botany of his time, and identifies difficulties in typifying names published by him. The currently accepted name for each taxon is given. Each typification is accompanied by a discussion of the reasoning behind the choice of specimen, and all neotypes are illustrated except that of S. crassifolium, which has been illustrated earlier.
... 32-36). More recently, Knapp (2008) determined that the correct name for the species is Solanum uncinellum Lindl. In Dahlberg's Catalogus, the entry for the species is number 72. 21. 'Solanum 128. ...
In 1775, Jacob Alm defended the Linnaean dissertation Plantæ Surinamenses under the precidency of Carolus Linnaeus. In this account of Surinamese plants preserved in alcohol, given to Linnaeus by the King Gustavus III of Sweden, 148 species were treated, 117 of them with species names determined. Fifteen other species were indicated as new, but were neither described nor named, and 16 species were identified only to genus level. Here, the taxonomic identity and nomenclatural status of those names are updated and discussed. Five of the 117 names and also 11 of their synonyms, a species name described by Rottbøll and ten described by Linnaeus filius are lectotypified. Two new combinations and a new name are proposed, and two new synonyms are established.
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to designate lectotypes for all Solanum names, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the fifth of a series (see Knapp, 2007aKnapp, , 2008aKnapp, ,b, 2009) on the nomenclature of Solanum in which lectotypes and/or neotypes are designated. ...
The type specimens of the names of many taxa were destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin herbarium (B) in March 1943. The taxonomy of African Solanum has been dogged for many years with the absence of type specimens for names published in the 1920s by the German botanist Georg Bitter, many of which were in Berlin and for which duplicates have not been found despite extensive searches by several generations of botanists. Recent examination of the collections in GOET, where Bitter spent the last few years of his life as director, has revealed a rich source of material with which to address typification problems in African Solanum. This consists of delicate tracings of herbarium specimens from B that are no longer extant, often accompanied by small fragments removed from the original specimens. Here we use this collection and other extant material to typify 37 names in African Solanum (S. acutilobatum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer subsp. machisuguense Bitter, S. darassumense Dammer, S. eickii Dammer, S. filicaule Dammer, S. floccosistellatum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. ellipsoideum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. erectifructum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi subsp. megalacanthum Bitter, S. glochidiatum Dammer, S. indicum L. subsp. ambifarium Bitter, S. kitivuense Dammer, S. lachneion Dammer, S. lamprocarpum Bitter, S. longestamineum Dammer, S. magdalenae Dammer, S. maranguense Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. endastrophorum Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer subsp. militans Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. ruandense Bitter, S. monotanthum Dammer, S. multiglandulosum Bitter, S. neumannii Dammer, S. nigriviolaceum Bitter, S. nossibeense Vatke var. elongatius Bitter, S. poggei Dammer, S. scheffleri Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer var. irakuanum Bitter, S. stipitatostellatum Dammer, S. tabacicolor Dammer, S. taitense Vatke, S. tanganikense Bitter, S. urosepalum Dammer, S. usaramense Dammer, S. verbascifrons Bitter); 27 of these were thought to lack types prior to this study.
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to designate lectotypes for all Solanum names, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the fifth of a series (see Knapp, 2007aKnapp, , 2008aKnapp, ,b, 2009) on the nomenclature of Solanum in which lectotypes and/or neotypes are designated. ...
The type specimens of the names of many taxa were destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin herbarium (B) in March 1943. The taxonomy of African Solanum has been dogged for many years with the absence of type specimens for names published in the 1920s by the German botanist Georg Bitter, many of which were in Berlin and for which duplicates have not been found despite extensive searches by several generations of botanists. Recent examination of the collections in GOET, where Bitter spent the last few years of his life as director, has revealed a rich source of material with which to address typification problems in African Solanum. This consists of delicate tracings of herbarium specimens from B that are no longer extant, often accompanied by small fragments removed from the original specimens. Here we use this collection and other extant material to typify 37 names in African Solanum (S. acutilobatum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer subsp. machisuguense Bitter, S. darassumense Dammer, S. eickii Dammer, S. filicaule Dammer, S. floccosistellatum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. ellipsoideum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. erectifructum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi subsp. megalacanthum Bitter, S. glochidiatum Dammer, S. indicum L. subsp. ambifarium Bitter, S. kitivuense Dammer, S. lachneion Dammer, S. lamprocarpum Bitter, S. longestamineum Dammer, S. magdalenae Dammer, S. maranguense Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. endastrophorum Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer subsp. militans Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. ruandense Bitter, S. monotanthum Dammer, S. multiglandulosum Bitter, S. neumannii Dammer, S. nigriviolaceum Bitter, S. nossibeense Vatke var. elongatius Bitter, S. poggei Dammer, S. scheffleri Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer var. irakuanum Bitter, S. stipitatostellatum Dammer, S. tabacicolor Dammer, S. taitense Vatke, S. tanganikense Bitter, S. urosepalum Dammer, S. usaramense Dammer, S. verbascifrons Bitter); 27 of these were thought to lack types prior to this study.
... La historia de la Real Expedición Botánica a Nueva España (1787-1803), las colecciones resultado de ella y su distribución han sido profundamente estudiadas, entre otros, por Rickett (1947), Álvarez López (1950, 1951, Arias Divito (1968), McVaugh (1945McVaugh ( -2000, Rodríguez Nozal (1994), Blanco Fernández de Caleya (2000), Blanco Fernández de Caleya & al. (2000), Ibáñez & al. (2006), y finalmente, por Knapp (2008), quien hace una descripción muy completa de esta expedición. ...
... Debido a que varios de los nombres previamente propuestos para las colecciones de Sessé y Mociño no han sido claramente designados o asociados adecuadamente al protólogo, en este trabajo son propuestos como lectótipos (de acuerdo con los artículos 9.2, 9.9 y 9.10, del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botánica, ICBN, McNeill & al., 2006), como ha sucedido con otros grupos de plantas como el género Solanum, basado en tales colecciones (Knapp, 2008 Lectótipo (designado aquí), MA600265 (F neg. 43329) (Fig. 1a). ...
The collections of the family Dioscoreaceae filed in the Herbaria of the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid (MA), Conservatory and Botanic Garden of Geneva (G) and from the Botanic Institute of Barcelona (BC), made by Martín de Sessé y Lacasta (1751-1808) and José Mariano Mociño y Losada (1757-1820) during the Royal Botanic Expedition to Nueva España (1787-1803) were studied; as well as, some type specimens related with them filed in other herbaria (BR, K, P and MEXU). Results show that independently from the historical importance of the collections themselves, five species have been lectotypified and in consequence, have allowed initially, to apply to them the current accepted names, as well as, to solve important doubts due to the ignorance where herbaria they were filed in, and more important to solve nomenclatural issues pending for many years in several Mexican species of the genus Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae).
Se han estudiado las colecciones de la familia Dioscoreaceae depositadas en los herbarios del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA), Conservatorio y Jardín Botánico de Ginebra (G) y del Instituto Botánico de Barcelona (BC), realizadas por Martín de Sessé y Lacasta (1751-1808) y José Mariano Mociño Losada (1757- 1820) durante la Real Expedición Botánica a Nueva España (1787-1803) , así como algunos tipos relacionados con ellas exis - tentes en otros herbarios (BR, K, P y MEXU). Sin olvidar la importancia histórica que tienen estos especímenes, se han lectotipificado cinco especies y, en consecuencia, aclarado algunos problemas nomenclaturales pendientes desde hace años en varias especies mexicanas del género Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), así como resuelto dudas sobre su localización
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to designate lectotypes for all Solanum names, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the third of a series (see Knapp, 2007bKnapp, , 2008 on the nomenclature of Solanum in which lectotypes or neotypes for the epithets coined by a particular author or authors (rather than for a taxonomic section of Solanum) are designated. ...
Lectotypes or neotypes are confirmed or designated here for the 41 names coined by Hipólito Ruiz and José Pavón in the Flora peruviana et chilensis that were either described, or today recognised as, members of the large genus Solanum (Solanaceae): Solarium acuminatum, S. acutifolium, S. anceps, S. angulatum, S. angustifolium, S. asperolanatum, S. biformifolium, S. calygnaphalum, S. conicum, S. crispum, S. cymosum, S. dichotomum, S. diffusum, S. filiforme, S. foetidum, S. glandulosum, S. grandiflorum, S. incanum, S. incarceratum, S. incurvum, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lineatum, S. mite, S. multifidum, S. nitidum, S. nutans. S. obliquum, S. oblongum, S. oppositifolium, S. pendulum, S. pinnatifidum, S. pubescens, S. runcinatum, S. scabrum, S. sericeum, S. sessile, S. stellatum, S. ternatum, S. variegatum and S. viridiflorum. A introduction assesses the importance of Ruiz and Pavón to the botany of their time, and identifies difficulties in lectotypifying names coined by them. The currently accepted name for each taxon is given. Each typification is accompanied by a discussion of the reasoning behind the choice of specimen, and all types are illustrated.
