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A, lectotype of Solanum diphyllum Sessé & Moc. (=Solanum nudum Dunal) (MA 604656); B, lectotype of Solanum lanceifolium Sessé & Moc. (=Solanum umbellatum Miller) (MA 604635); C, neotype of Solanum lanceolatum Sessé & Moc. (=Solanum nudum Dunal) (MA 604660); D, neotype of Solanum lineatum Sessé & Moc. (= Solanum pubigerum Dunal) (Panti-Madero 155, MEXU).
Source publication
Lectotypes, neotypes or epitypes are confirmed or designated here for 16 of the 22 names coined by Martín Sessé y Lacasta and José Mariano Mociño that were described as members of the large genus Solanum (Solanaceae): Solanum bifidum, S. cordovense, S. declinatum, S. dichotomum, S. diphyllum, S. lanceifolium, S. lanceolatum, S. lineatum (both homon...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... as "S. bi- corne" in Pavón's hand (F neg. 34109). Clark & al. (in litt.) have not differentiated type material of these two taxa at MA, but have put the names in synonymy. I sug- gest material of the smaller-leaved taxon in MA repre- sents isotype material of var. angustifolium, while the larger leaved material is isotype material of S. bicorne. Fig. 2 ...
Context 2
... where Linnaeus's name was cited in synonymy. Specimens identified as S. diphyllum in the Sessé and Mociño herbarium at MA are a mixture of three very similar taxa in Sola- num section Geminata (sensu Knapp, 2002): S. aphyo- dendron S. Knapp, S. diphyllum L. and S. nudum Dunal. Only two specimens have authentic labels of "S. diphyllum" (MA 604656 (Fig. 2 A), MA 604654 (F neg. 48289)) and both are plants of S. nudum Dunal, while MA 604655 (F neg. 48286) has a label in a dif- ferent, later hand, and is a mixture of S. nudum and S. diphyllum L. An additional three sheets (MA 604657 [F neg. 48285, also with an original label of "S. repan- dum N", a name that appears nowhere in the pub- lished ...
Context 3
... (F neg. 48331)) is labelled "Solanum nudum HBK" in Standley's hand. All of these, except MA 604657 which is S. aphyodendron, are S. nudum. In order to stabilise the concept of S. di- phyllum Sessé & Moc., I have selected the specimen (Fig. 1 D) with both flowers and fruits and a label with the name "S. diphyllum" the lectotype of this name. Fig. 2 B); isotype, MA 604634 (F neg. ...
Context 4
... type material of S. lanceifolium, despite their not being named as such on the sheets. Both these sheets are S. umbellatum, an unarmed plant with a strong foetid, almost narcotic odor, both are labelled "S. foetidum N", and neither has any descriptive element to the la- bel. I have chosen the better of these two sheets as the neotype (MA 604635, Fig. 2 B), and the other sheet (MA 604634) as an isotype as it is so similar that I feel it is likely to have come from the same gathering. Fig. 2 ...
Context 5
... with a strong foetid, almost narcotic odor, both are labelled "S. foetidum N", and neither has any descriptive element to the la- bel. I have chosen the better of these two sheets as the neotype (MA 604635, Fig. 2 B), and the other sheet (MA 604634) as an isotype as it is so similar that I feel it is likely to have come from the same gathering. Fig. 2 ...
Context 6
... refer to S. nudum Dunal, S. diphyllum L. or S. aphyo- dendron S. Knapp, all of which are common in the area of the type locality. In order to fix the usage of this name I have chosen to lectotypify it using one of the several sheets of these species that matches the description in having relatively narrow leaves and few-flowered inflo- rescences (Fig. 2 C; MA 604660). This sheet is unla- belled except by later botanists. See S. diphyllum above for a discussion of mixed collections of these three very similar species in the Sessé and Mociño herbarium. ...
Context 7
... (designated here), México. Distrito Fe- deral: pedregal de San Ángel, oeste de volcán Xitle, M.A. Panti Madero 155 (MEXU, Fig. 2 ...
Context 8
... with larger flowers. Although Sessé and Mociño may have collected both species, S. pu- bigerum is far more common in the area of Mexico City (where both type localities are) and I have seen no material of S. aligerum from the type locality. I am therefore neotypifying S. lineatum with a modern specimen of S. pubigerum (Panti Madero 155, MEXU; see Fig. 2 D) from the Pedregal de San Ángel in the valley mountains around Mexico City, and also recog- nising S. lineatum from page 53 as the same species (see below). Fig. 3 ...
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Citations
... in the protologue of Solanum chrysotrichum Schlechtendal (1847: 304-305) Edmonds, 1972;Roe, 1972;Hepper, et al.1986;Bohs, 2001;Knapp, 2007Knapp, , 2008Knapp, , 2009Vorontsova, et al. 2010;Tepe, 2011;Vorontsova, et al. 2013;Knapp, et al. 2015;Knapp, et al. 2016;Heuchert et al. 2017;Särkinen, et al. 2018;Knapp, et al. 2019) revealed that the name has not been typified yet. ...
A neotype is designated for Solanum chrysotrichum Schlechtendal.
... A year later, Dunal (1814) described S. tridynamum Dunal (=S. houstonii) based upon the drawings of José Sessé and Mariano Mociño he had seen either at the herbarium in Geneva or in Montpellier ( Knapp 2008b), but did not associate his new species with S. elaeagnifolium. Based on the collections made by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland during their brief stay in Mexico, Dunal (1816) described S. obtusifolium Dunal (= S. elaeagnifolium) as an additional species in his Leprophora. ...
The Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade) contains five species of small, often rhizomatous, shrubs from deserts and dry forests in North and South America. Members of the clade were previously classified in sections Leprophora, Nycterium and Lathyrocarpum, and were not thought to be closely related. The group is sister to the species-rich monophyletic Old World clade of spiny solanums. The species of the group have an amphitropical distribution, with three species in Mexico and the southwestern United States and three species in Argentina. Solanum elaeagnifolium occurs in both North and South America, and is a noxious invasive weed in dry areas worldwide. Members of the group are highly variable morphologically, and this variability has led to much synonymy, particularly in the widespread S. elaeagnifolium. We here review the taxonomic history, morphology, relationships and ecology of these species and provide keys for their identification, descriptions, full synonymy (including designations of lectotypes) and nomenclatural notes. Illustrations, distribution maps and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.
... A single specimen from the Boissier herbarium (now part of the general collections at G) is therefore the holotype for this name. The complex typification of names for this species based on the Mexican and Central American collections of Martin Sessé and José Mociño is discussed in detail in Knapp (2008b). Robust woody vine or canopy liana to 18 m long, the stems 0.3-0.8 ...
Solanum section Aculeigerum (the Solanum wendlandii group, Solanaceae) comprises eight species ranging from Mexico and Central America to Ecuador and Peru with one species in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. One species, Solanum wendlandii, is commonly cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, and one new species from southern Mexico, Solanum triunfense, is described here. Members of Solanum section Aculeigerum are differentiated from other sections of Solanum by a combination of plurifoliate sympodial units, branched inflorescences, presence of prickles coupled with absence of stellate trichomes, and a vine-like habit. Unlike most other prickly species of Solanum, which are placed into Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, they lack stellate hairs, and phylogenetic studies suggest that the section is one of several potential sister groups for the spiny solanums. A key, descriptions, habitat and distribution data, preliminary conservation assessments, specimens examined and illustrations are provided for all species in Solanum section Aculeigerum. Lectotypes are designated for the following five names: S. aculeolatum M. Martens & Galeotti, S. mazatenangense Coult. & Donn. Sm., S. molinarum J. L. Gentry, S. pachyandrum Bitter, and S. sagranum A. Rich., and neotypes are designated for S. glaucescens Zucc. and S. wendlandii Hook. f.
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to typify all Solanum names that lack precise types, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the third of a series (Knapp, 2007(Knapp, , 2008a on the nomenclature of Solanum in which types for the names described by a particular author (rather than for a taxonomic section of Solanum) are designated. ...
Neotypes are designated for six names coined by Casimiro Gomez Ortega that were described as members of the large genus Solanum (Solanaceae), Solanum crassifolium, S. cymosum, S. ficifolium, S. leprosum, S. subbiflorum, and S. violaceum. A brief introduction describes the role of Gomez Ortega the botany of his time, and identifies difficulties in typifying names published by him. The currently accepted name for each taxon is given. Each typification is accompanied by a discussion of the reasoning behind the choice of specimen, and all neotypes are illustrated except that of S. crassifolium, which has been illustrated earlier.
... 32-36). More recently, Knapp (2008) determined that the correct name for the species is Solanum uncinellum Lindl. In Dahlberg's Catalogus, the entry for the species is number 72. 21. 'Solanum 128. ...
In 1775, Jacob Alm defended the Linnaean dissertation Plantæ Surinamenses under the precidency of Carolus Linnaeus. In this account of Surinamese plants preserved in alcohol, given to Linnaeus by the King Gustavus III of Sweden, 148 species were treated, 117 of them with species names determined. Fifteen other species were indicated as new, but were neither described nor named, and 16 species were identified only to genus level. Here, the taxonomic identity and nomenclatural status of those names are updated and discussed. Five of the 117 names and also 11 of their synonyms, a species name described by Rottbøll and ten described by Linnaeus filius are lectotypified. Two new combinations and a new name are proposed, and two new synonyms are established.
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to designate lectotypes for all Solanum names, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the fifth of a series (see Knapp, 2007aKnapp, , 2008aKnapp, ,b, 2009) on the nomenclature of Solanum in which lectotypes and/or neotypes are designated. ...
The type specimens of the names of many taxa were destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin herbarium (B) in March 1943. The taxonomy of African Solanum has been dogged for many years with the absence of type specimens for names published in the 1920s by the German botanist Georg Bitter, many of which were in Berlin and for which duplicates have not been found despite extensive searches by several generations of botanists. Recent examination of the collections in GOET, where Bitter spent the last few years of his life as director, has revealed a rich source of material with which to address typification problems in African Solanum. This consists of delicate tracings of herbarium specimens from B that are no longer extant, often accompanied by small fragments removed from the original specimens. Here we use this collection and other extant material to typify 37 names in African Solanum (S. acutilobatum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer subsp. machisuguense Bitter, S. darassumense Dammer, S. eickii Dammer, S. filicaule Dammer, S. floccosistellatum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. ellipsoideum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. erectifructum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi subsp. megalacanthum Bitter, S. glochidiatum Dammer, S. indicum L. subsp. ambifarium Bitter, S. kitivuense Dammer, S. lachneion Dammer, S. lamprocarpum Bitter, S. longestamineum Dammer, S. magdalenae Dammer, S. maranguense Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. endastrophorum Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer subsp. militans Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. ruandense Bitter, S. monotanthum Dammer, S. multiglandulosum Bitter, S. neumannii Dammer, S. nigriviolaceum Bitter, S. nossibeense Vatke var. elongatius Bitter, S. poggei Dammer, S. scheffleri Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer var. irakuanum Bitter, S. stipitatostellatum Dammer, S. tabacicolor Dammer, S. taitense Vatke, S. tanganikense Bitter, S. urosepalum Dammer, S. usaramense Dammer, S. verbascifrons Bitter); 27 of these were thought to lack types prior to this study.
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to designate lectotypes for all Solanum names, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the fifth of a series (see Knapp, 2007aKnapp, , 2008aKnapp, ,b, 2009) on the nomenclature of Solanum in which lectotypes and/or neotypes are designated. ...
The type specimens of the names of many taxa were destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin herbarium (B) in March 1943. The taxonomy of African Solanum has been dogged for many years with the absence of type specimens for names published in the 1920s by the German botanist Georg Bitter, many of which were in Berlin and for which duplicates have not been found despite extensive searches by several generations of botanists. Recent examination of the collections in GOET, where Bitter spent the last few years of his life as director, has revealed a rich source of material with which to address typification problems in African Solanum. This consists of delicate tracings of herbarium specimens from B that are no longer extant, often accompanied by small fragments removed from the original specimens. Here we use this collection and other extant material to typify 37 names in African Solanum (S. acutilobatum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer, S. alloiophyllum Dammer subsp. machisuguense Bitter, S. darassumense Dammer, S. eickii Dammer, S. filicaule Dammer, S. floccosistellatum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. ellipsoideum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi var. erectifructum Bitter, S. gilo Raddi subsp. megalacanthum Bitter, S. glochidiatum Dammer, S. indicum L. subsp. ambifarium Bitter, S. kitivuense Dammer, S. lachneion Dammer, S. lamprocarpum Bitter, S. longestamineum Dammer, S. magdalenae Dammer, S. maranguense Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. endastrophorum Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer subsp. militans Bitter, S. merkeri Dammer var. ruandense Bitter, S. monotanthum Dammer, S. multiglandulosum Bitter, S. neumannii Dammer, S. nigriviolaceum Bitter, S. nossibeense Vatke var. elongatius Bitter, S. poggei Dammer, S. scheffleri Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer, S. setaceum Dammer var. irakuanum Bitter, S. stipitatostellatum Dammer, S. tabacicolor Dammer, S. taitense Vatke, S. tanganikense Bitter, S. urosepalum Dammer, S. usaramense Dammer, S. verbascifrons Bitter); 27 of these were thought to lack types prior to this study.
... La historia de la Real Expedición Botánica a Nueva España (1787-1803), las colecciones resultado de ella y su distribución han sido profundamente estudiadas, entre otros, por Rickett (1947), Álvarez López (1950, 1951, Arias Divito (1968), McVaugh (1945McVaugh ( -2000, Rodríguez Nozal (1994), Blanco Fernández de Caleya (2000), Blanco Fernández de Caleya & al. (2000), Ibáñez & al. (2006), y finalmente, por Knapp (2008), quien hace una descripción muy completa de esta expedición. ...
... Debido a que varios de los nombres previamente propuestos para las colecciones de Sessé y Mociño no han sido claramente designados o asociados adecuadamente al protólogo, en este trabajo son propuestos como lectótipos (de acuerdo con los artículos 9.2, 9.9 y 9.10, del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botánica, ICBN, McNeill & al., 2006), como ha sucedido con otros grupos de plantas como el género Solanum, basado en tales colecciones (Knapp, 2008 Lectótipo (designado aquí), MA600265 (F neg. 43329) (Fig. 1a). ...
The collections of the family Dioscoreaceae filed in the Herbaria of the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid (MA), Conservatory and Botanic Garden of Geneva (G) and from the Botanic Institute of Barcelona (BC), made by Martín de Sessé y Lacasta (1751-1808) and José Mariano Mociño y Losada (1757-1820) during the Royal Botanic Expedition to Nueva España (1787-1803) were studied; as well as, some type specimens related with them filed in other herbaria (BR, K, P and MEXU). Results show that independently from the historical importance of the collections themselves, five species have been lectotypified and in consequence, have allowed initially, to apply to them the current accepted names, as well as, to solve important doubts due to the ignorance where herbaria they were filed in, and more important to solve nomenclatural issues pending for many years in several Mexican species of the genus Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae).
Se han estudiado las colecciones de la familia Dioscoreaceae depositadas en los herbarios del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA), Conservatorio y Jardín Botánico de Ginebra (G) y del Instituto Botánico de Barcelona (BC), realizadas por Martín de Sessé y Lacasta (1751-1808) y José Mariano Mociño Losada (1757- 1820) durante la Real Expedición Botánica a Nueva España (1787-1803) , así como algunos tipos relacionados con ellas exis - tentes en otros herbarios (BR, K, P y MEXU). Sin olvidar la importancia histórica que tienen estos especímenes, se han lectotipificado cinco especies y, en consecuencia, aclarado algunos problemas nomenclaturales pendientes desde hace años en varias especies mexicanas del género Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), así como resuelto dudas sobre su localización
... One of the goals of the PBI Solanum project is to designate lectotypes for all Solanum names, helping to stabilise nomenclature and facilitate further taxonomic research. This paper is the third of a series (see Knapp, 2007bKnapp, , 2008 on the nomenclature of Solanum in which lectotypes or neotypes for the epithets coined by a particular author or authors (rather than for a taxonomic section of Solanum) are designated. ...
Lectotypes or neotypes are confirmed or designated here for the 41 names coined by Hipólito Ruiz and José Pavón in the Flora peruviana et chilensis that were either described, or today recognised as, members of the large genus Solanum (Solanaceae): Solarium acuminatum, S. acutifolium, S. anceps, S. angulatum, S. angustifolium, S. asperolanatum, S. biformifolium, S. calygnaphalum, S. conicum, S. crispum, S. cymosum, S. dichotomum, S. diffusum, S. filiforme, S. foetidum, S. glandulosum, S. grandiflorum, S. incanum, S. incarceratum, S. incurvum, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lineatum, S. mite, S. multifidum, S. nitidum, S. nutans. S. obliquum, S. oblongum, S. oppositifolium, S. pendulum, S. pinnatifidum, S. pubescens, S. runcinatum, S. scabrum, S. sericeum, S. sessile, S. stellatum, S. ternatum, S. variegatum and S. viridiflorum. A introduction assesses the importance of Ruiz and Pavón to the botany of their time, and identifies difficulties in lectotypifying names coined by them. The currently accepted name for each taxon is given. Each typification is accompanied by a discussion of the reasoning behind the choice of specimen, and all types are illustrated.
Two-leaf nightshade, Solanum diphyllum, is a member of the Solanaceae or potato family. It is native to Mexico southwards to Costa Rica. It has escaped cultivation in Florida and grows as far north as Duval County and from Volusia County south to Miami-Dade County. A "bird-dispersed" volunteer, it occurs in urban and conservation areas and on disturbed land. The plants produce abundant berries with many many small seeds. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is primarily intended for Florida gardeners, landscapers, and land managers, and it contains information on identification, flowering, fruiting, and management recommendations for this widely occurring plant. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Chris Marble, and Stephen F. Enloe.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep588
