Fig 1 - uploaded by Dr. Faizul Haq
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A huge tree of Ulmus wallichiana ( Critically Endangered) having 26ft girth at ground level preserved in a the Graveyard of Trari Baba near the Town Shamlai at an elevation of 4943ft (GPS grid: 34 42. 008N and 073 07. 211E).
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Species diversity of Nandiar Valley District Battagram, Pakistan was evaluated with special reference to vascular plant diversity of the area. Floristically the area is placed in Western Himalayan Province. It is located on the western edge of Himalayas, dominated by Sino- Japanese elements. Aim of the study was to document the vascular plant resou...
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Citations
... The present results are in line withHaq et al., (2010) andRavanbakhsh et al., (2014) who reported Asteraceae and Rosaceae as dominant families in their research areas. Similarly,Ullah and Ullah, (2016),Inayat et al., (2014),,Badshah et al., (2016),Khan et al., (2011), Sher et al., (2014,Ali et al., (2016), ...
This study was proposed to document and assess the floristic composition and biological characteristics of plants of Toormang Valley, Dir Lower during 2018-2019. A record of plant species were organized based on field trips conducted in four seasons of the year. The flora of the Valley comprised of 238 species, 164 genera from 60 families. Asteraceae was leading family with 42 species (17.64%) followed by Rosaceae 16 species (6.72%), Brassicaceae 13 species (5.46%), Solanaceae 11 species (4.62%), Papilonaceae 10 species (4.20%), Apiaceae and Poaceae each with 9 species (3.78%), Lamiaceae contributed by 8 species (3.36%), Borganiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Moraceae each contributed by 7 species (2.94%), Amaranthaceae and Cucurbitaceae each consisted of 6 species (2.52%), Caryophyllaceae and Chenopodiaceae each with 5 species (2.10%) while, rest of 23 families contributed by 1 species each (0.42%).The largest genera was Euphorbia (6 species) followed by Sonchus and Medicago (4 species) each. Based on Raunkiaer classification therophytes were dominated with 102 species (42.85%), followed by nanophanerophytes with 27 species (11.34%), hemicryptophytes with 25 species (10.50%), chameophytes with 20 species (8.40%), microphanerophytes with 18 species (7.56%), megaphanerophytes with 16 species (6.72%), geophytes with 15 species (6.30%), mesophanerophytes with 14 species (5.88%), and parasite with 1 species (0.42%). Leaf size spectrum of the flora presented that microphyll was dominant leaf size class with 73 species (30.67%) followed by mesophyll 69 species (28.99%), nanophyll 60 species (25.21%), leptophyll 23 species (9.66%), macrophyll 8 species (3.36%), megaphylly 4 species (1.1.68%) and aphyllous contributed by 1 species (0.42%). Majority of the species 154 (64.70%) had simple lamina while, 5 species have spiny lamina shape. This study provides baseline information on the flora of the area and further study is recommended for the exploration of quantitative information of vegetation.
... An alcoholic solution of Mercuric Chloride ((Hg Cl 2) was used to poison these specimens and it prevented fungal attack and insect damage. With the help of an expert the host of the plants was identi ied [8]. ...
... For taking clear and highmegapixel pictures, the modern digital camera was used and pictures were taken. An alcoholic solution of Meruric Chloride ((Hg Cl 2) was used to poison these specimens and it prevented the fungal attack and insect damage [8]. With the help of an expert the host of the plants was identi ied. ...
In 2018, a survey of rust fungi and their associated hosts was attempted in the thandiani regions of Pakistan. In this paper, we provided descriptions and illustrations of six rust species viz. Melampsora euphorbiae, Phragmidium barclayi, Puccinia ambegua, Pucciniia calcitraipae, Pucciniia mentha and Puccinia ustalis. The Melampsora euphorbiae, Puccinia ambegua, and Puccinia ustalis were collected as a new host record from Abbottabad. Most of the rust fungi were collected from herbaceous wild plants. This study suggests further exploration of the area of rust disease in order to assess the diversity of these fungi. This research work is an addition to available data related to the Urediniales of Pakistan having special reference to Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
... An alcoholic solution of Mercuric Chloride ((Hg Cl 2) was used to poison these specimens and it prevented fungal attack and insect damage. With the help of an expert the host of the plants was identi ied [8]. ...
... For taking clear and highmegapixel pictures, the modern digital camera was used and pictures were taken. An alcoholic solution of Meruric Chloride ((Hg Cl 2) was used to poison these specimens and it prevented the fungal attack and insect damage [8]. With the help of an expert the host of the plants was identi ied. ...
... Ehretia acuminata, a native plant of Pakistan vernacularly known as Puna, has a variety of uses; the wood of the plant is widely used for fuel purposes, while the leaves are used as fodder for livestock. Moreover, the tree is also used as an erosion controller in farm forestry and for gunstock purposes, whereas; the unripe fruit is used as pickles in food [3,4]. ...
Ehretia acuminata, commonly known as “Puna” in Pakistan, is from the Boraginaceae family and is used in ecological, medicinal, and agricultural sectors. The current study was conducted to assess the pharmacognostic potency of bark extracts from E. acuminata. The crude distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts signified a concentration-dependent increase in intestinal mobility of the experimented animal, and the plant delivered methodical proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic drug. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed (11±1, 9±1, and 11±1) antispasmodic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed analgesic potential in the present study and the results were concentration dependent. The bark distilled water, bark ethanol, and bark chloroform extracts revealed the (10±1,16±1, and 11±1) analgesic potential at (300 mg/kg). The distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform extracts also showed the muscle relaxant potential in this study and the results were concentration dependent. The Bark distilled water, Bark ethanol, and Bark chloroform extracts revealed the (6±1, 5±1, and 5±1) at (300 mg/kg). While the distilled water, ethanol and chloroform extracts did not show acute toxic effects against the tested animal mice. In this study, bark extracts of E. acuminata showed pharmacological potency in experimental animals. The plant delivered scientific proof for its pharmacological usage as an antispasmodic, acutely toxic, muscle relaxant, as well as an analgesic drug.
... These products serve unique purposes for the life of the inhabitants of the neighboring communities [13,14]. Pakistan is enriched with a diversity of 6000 plant species; nearly 33% of these are used as NWFPs, and half of these NWFPs are utilized as medicinal herbs [15,16]. NWFPs are believed to be utilized for primary health care by 80% of the global human population (mainly from developing countries) [17,18]. ...
Analyzing the ecological distribution patterns of medicinal plants under the influence of environmental variables can provide important information about how these plants are affected by environmental factors. This analysis can also serve as a conceptual foundation for medicinal plant management strategies. We examined the composition and distribution of medicinal plants as well as how and which environmental factors influence the plant communities in subtropical forest types from Pakistan. 11 forest sites over the course of two years (2020− 2021) were sampled, measuring 10 environmental variables and documenting medicinal plants that were present in the study area. Plants data viz.; cover, density, and frequency were recorded from randomly selected sites through quadrat method. Soil parameters i.e., pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, electrical conductance, potassium and soil organic matter were recorded from each site. After calculating importance value index for each species, the data was analyzed utilizing a multivariate ordination approach. The most prevalent family observed during present investigations were Asteraceae followed by Fabaceae and Solanaceae. The life form spectra outcomes exhibited the predominance of the therophyte species, followed by chamaephyte species. The results of the regression analysis exhibit that soil organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus have a positive influence on medicinal plant richness, while electrical conductance (EC) and soil pH have a negative influence. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the soil parameters and anthropogenic factors (grazing pressure , land degradation, over-collection) had a significant (p ≤ 0.002) effect on the distribution of medicinal plants. The seasonal pattern of the life cycle revealed its peak during the spring season (41%), followed by monsoon (32%). The leaf size spectra results showed dominance of microphylls, over nanophylls and leptophylls. The results would be significant in establishing plant conservation strategies in Pakistan, especially due to over-exploitation of medicinal plants and the negative effects of climate change make it imperative to protect them on prior basis.
... For taking clear and high mega pixel pictures, modern digital camera was used and pictures were taken. Alcoholic solution of Meruric Chloride ((Hg Cl2) was used to poison these specimens and to prevent them from decomposing fungal attack and insect damage [8]. ...
... After taking all the necessary data specimens were technically described. Host plants were identified by comparing with flora of Pakistan and already identified specimens of herbarium and by consulting the experts [8]. The descriptions were compared with available data for accurate identification of the rust species. ...
During 2018, survey of rust fungi and their associated host plants was attempted in thandiani regions of Pakistan. In this paper descriptions and illustrations of six rust species viz. Melampsora euphorbiae, Phragmidium barclayi, Puccinia ambegua, P. calcitraipae, P. mentha and P. ustalis have been provided on the hosts such as Euphrbia helioscopia, Rubus lasiocarpus, Gallium aprine, Cirsium vulgare, Origanum vulgare and Ranunculus muricatus. The Melampsora euphorbiae, Puccinia ambegua and Puccinia ustalis collected as a new host record from Abbottabad. This research work is an addition to available data related to the Urediniales of Pakistan with special reference to the Thandhiani area, Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
... This district is bordered by Kohistan in the north, Torghar in the south, Mansehra in the east and south-east and Shangla in the west (Annon, 2010). District Battagram is located between 34°33′ and 34°47′ latitude and 72°55′ and 73°14′ longitude (Haq et al. 2010 Precipitation is received during the entire year. The mean of total rainfall recorded annually is about 1800 mm (30year period: World Weather Information Service 2018). ...
... This district is bordered by Kohistan in the north, Torghar in the south, Mansehra in the east and south-east and Shangla in the west (Annon, 2010). District Battagram is located between 34°33′ and 34°47′ latitude and 72°55′ and 73°14′ longitude (Haq et al. 2010 Precipitation is received during the entire year. The mean of total rainfall recorded annually is about 1800 mm (30year period: World Weather Information Service 2018). ...
The new species Inocybe quercicola is described on the basis of morphological and genetic features. It is characterized by medium-sized basidiomata, radially fibrillose campanulate pileus, dark brown lamellae when mature, stipe that is pruinose along the whole length, nodulose, rather small basidiospores (av. 8.8×5.5 μm, Qav.=1.53) and pleurocystidia which are similar to cheilocystidia in shape but smaller in size (19–22 × 47–65 μm). Based on the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU nucleotide sequences I. quercicola belongs into I. sect. Marginatae, subsect. Praetervisae.
... Climatic conditions is variable and varies form sub-tropical to ''alpine" conditions. Battagram has variety of agriculture lands, waste-land, forests and meadows (Haq et al. 2010). Mostly peoples has agriculture as a source of living, followed by animal husbandry. ...
Butterflies are the beautiful creatures and need to be conserved. The present survey was conducted to explore the biodiversity of butterflies of District Battagram Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, from March to September 2021. During this study the butterflies were collected from 2 Tehsil including 12 localities using line transect method. A total of 572 specimens were collected from all localities. Species identified were belonging to 3 families and 7 genera. The species were Cynthia cardui. Danaus chrysippus, Junonia orithya, Papilio demoleus, Papilio polytes, Colias croceus, Pieris ajaka, Pontia daplidice and Pieris napi. In the recorded 9 species Papilo demoleus was the most common species of the district Battagram and the most rear specie was Pieris ajaka during this study. The current study is new detailed work on the butterflies from district Battagram . It is concluded from the present study that district Battagram is rich in flora and provide a much suitable environment and place for biodiversity to insects. As this study is the first survey of butterflies population in the district and recorded rich diversity, so more explorative work is needed for its population estimation and specie abundance.
... Fazal et al. [23] reported that Family Asteraceae was most abundant family in District Haripur. Haq et al. [26] also reported the dominance of family Asteraceae from Nandyar Valley Western Himalaya, Pakistan. Similar reports were given by different researcher like, Marwat and Qureshi [54], Durrani et al. [22], Khan and Khatoon [46], Saima et al. [71,72], [16], Badshah et al. [9], Ilyas et al. [37], Shaheen et al. [76] Qureshi et al. [64] and Khan et al. [43] in their respective study areas. ...
District Tor Ghar is phytosocilogically unexplored region in the western Himalaya. Present study was conducted in district Tor Ghar during the summers of 2012 and 2013 to study floristic diversity of herbaceous flora in the region. The district Tor Ghar is located on 34 • 32 ′-34 • 50 ′ N, and 72 • 48 ′-72 • 58 ′ E. A total of 229 herb species belonging to 168 genera and 66 families were identified. Herbaceous vegetation was sampled from 1 × 1 m quadrats. For vegetation classification into plant communities, presence, absence (1,0) data on 229 herbaceous species and 64 locations were analyzed in PCORD version 5 via Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses. Six plant communities were established. Plant abundance data were treated in CANOCO version 4.5 to measure the ecological gradient of plant species and communities of the region. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) a type of indirect gradient analysis reconfirmed the results of Cluster and Two way Cluster Analysis. Moreover the study furnishes useful information for improvement, protection and management of present vegetation status for future generation. A comprehensive conservation measure with practical implementation is utmost necessary for conservation of rapidly depleting plant resources of the area.
