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In today’s society, the use of social media has increased the public’s desire to receive information quickly and to be able to interact with communicators. During a disaster, the trend to turn to social media for information has risen in popularity. Society’s reliance on social media and quick access to information has led the field of emergency ma...
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... seen in Figure 3, the hub-and-spoke model proposed by Freitas et al. has been adapted to fit the Communication Hub Framework [14]. Located in the center of the virtual Communication Hub is the hub coordinator, or a single person that represents a larger organization such as local emergency management agency. ...
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... The findings of our study on integrative needs, mark a transition from traditional, centralized communication methods to more inclusive and community-focused perceived approaches (Mitcham et al., 2021;Saroj & Pal, 2020). This evolution reflects a broader shift in emergency management, moving from a top-down model to one that actively seeks diverse perspectives and community engagement (Marlowe et al., 2022;Uekusa & Matthewman, 2023;Zhang & Jung, 2022). ...
This paper investigates the perceptions of professionals (emergency organizations: authorities and first responders) regarding the usage of social media versus the perceptions of the public regarding their expectations concerning the use of social media in communicating emergencies and disasters. It provides a novel perspective on the alignment between perceptions and expectations in disaster social media usage, delving into the structural constraints and opportunities of current practices. The research incorporates qualitative interviews with emergency professionals, a quantitative survey of the general population, and content analysis of social media interactions across seven countries (Israel, Italy, Spain, France, Sweden, Norway, and Romania), aiming to discern differing viewpoints on social media's role in crises. It underscores the variations and commonalities between authorities/first responders and the public's perspectives, revealing differences in acceptance and concerns regarding social media use among these stakeholders. The analysis identified three primary themes: cognitive needs, integrative needs, and communication flow, each with specific, interconnected subthemes. These insights emphasize the need for a better understanding of these diverse perspectives to enhance disaster communication. The paper suggests that effectively utilizing social media and crowdsourcing technologies can help bridge the gap between emergency services and the public, fostering more disaster‐resilient societies.
... Social media also have great responsibility and an important role to play, especially with the rise in social media usage in modern times, which increased the need for rapid information transmission and interactive interaction among the public. In times of disaster, the tendency to turn to social media as a source of news has skyrocketed (Mitcham et al. 2021). According to Mavrodieva and Shaw (2021), the role of social media in disaster response and recovery has become increasingly prominent in the last decade. ...
This study examined the impact of Twitter usage development in crisis communication in Türkiye during the 6 February 2023 by showing the development of its use during the 1999 Izmit and 2000 Izmir earthquakes. As well as its usage in the 48 h following the 2023 earthquake. It found that Twitter’s positive determinism has evolved over time from gathering information to actively supporting victims’ rescue. Twitter was crucial for finding casualties and providing on-the-ground updates during critical moments, confirming the media’s surveillance function. During the first 48 h of the 2023 earthquake, Twitter significantly affected the rescue and relief activities, enabling individuals trapped beneath the debris to contact, seek, and receive assistance. Twitter’s importance has increased in political communication by opinion leaders and government authorities, and President Erdoğan’s engagement via Twitter was critical in expressing solidarity and coordinating rescue and relief efforts. This study concluded that Twitter has become an indispensable tool for obtaining and disseminating information, as well as aiding and identifying individuals in need. It was widely used by official accounts, informational accounts, and citizens, and effectively aiding rescue and relief efforts, especially in the first 48 h after the disaster.
... Although existing literature has shown strong evidence of the value of social media to disaster communication management, very little is known about how this innovative communication tool could be harnessed and used more effectively in different phases of disaster management [7] [8]. Social media offers many affordances and functionalities and its usage scope for disasters varies significantly [8] [9] [10]. Though social media is a powerful communication channel, there is little research on how effective strategies can be deployed by DMOs to fully incorporate social media affordances for disaster management [6] [7] [11] and this may be due to lack of understanding of different affordances and functionalities of social media [7] [8]. ...
Social media has seen a rise in usage especially for disaster communication. Existing research that investigated the use of social media for disaster management have focused on information dissemination affordance of social media especially at the initial response phase, hence, the full potential of social media is not being realized. Social media offers many affordances in all phases of disaster management and holistic integration of the affordances may lead to better communication outcomes. This paper studied the extent of the knowledge gap through systematic literature review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) technique. Open, axial and selective coding strategies were used for the data analysis which also guided the study in defining a holistic framework for social media affordances for disaster management. The study provides disaster responders with an understanding of the social media functionalities that are best suited for each phase of disaster management. Essentially, the holistic understanding of social media functionalities in all disaster management phases can assist in minimizing the impact of disasters and help in managing them better.KeywordsSocial media affordancesTechnology affordancesDisaster managementDisaster phasesAffordances theory
... Government agencies are simultaneously using information assistance for crisis management, for instance on a regional basis. Good decision-making and management are also necessary for institutions of public administration (Margherita et al., 2021;Mitcham et al., 2021;WHO, 2022). ...
... EMAs have achieved remarkable results in using social media to publish and gather EI. They have used social media to issue official announcements and were recognized as being more interactive with the public [21,22]. For instance, during the 2013 Colorado Flood, Twitter was used by government agencies to provide communication channels and useful information about recovery which were difficult to provide via traditional media [23]. ...
User-generated contents (UGCs) on social media are a valuable source of emergency information (EI) that can facilitate emergency responses. However, the tremendous amount and heterogeneous quality of social media UGCs make it difficult to extract truly useful EI, especially using pure machine learning methods. Hence, this study proposes a machine learning and rule-based integration method (MRIM) and evaluates its EI classification performance and determinants. Through comparative experiments on microblog data about the “July 20 heavy rainstorm in Zhengzhou” posted on China’s largest social media platform, we find that the MRIM performs better than pure machine learning methods and pure rule-based methods, and that its performance is influenced by microblog characteristics such as the number of words, exact address and contact information, and users’ attention. This study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating machine learning and rule-based methods to mine the text of social media UGCs and provides actionable suggestions for emergency information management practitioners.
... For the establishment of a proper risk communication process, communication and coordination at the local, national and international levels must be planned and implemented before the crisis occurs (May 2005;Zhang et al. 2020). It is also necessary to provide a platform for cooperation and interaction with stakeholders, social and nonprofit organisations and researchers (Mitcham et al. 2021;. ...
... Mitcham, Taylor & Harris 2021;Wray et al. 2008); active communication based on public perception; and audienceoriented(Papwijitsil et al. 2021;Vanderford et al. 2007), direct and indirect multidimensional communication(Holmes et al. 2009) have led to the institutionalisation of communications(Dickmann et al. 2015) and should always be considered by risk communication experts in organisations. ...
Risk communication (RC) is one of the necessary functions in disaster management. Establishing communication processes such as planning, transparency of policies and guidelines, RC expert training, providing communication infrastructure and evaluation in the shortest period reduces confusion and management inconsistency. One of the existing challenges is not knowing the exact dimensions of risk communication and its components in disasters. The aim was to identify the components of disaster risk communication in the health system. This research was conducted by systematic review and searching of the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar and ScienceOpen 2000–2021 to identify the components of disaster risk communication in the health system. Thematic content analysis was used for data analysis. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 chart was used for systematic search, and a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) was used for quality determination. Out of 12 342 articles extracted, 25 studies were included for analysis. The components of disaster risk communication were analysed in 6 categories and 19 subcategories. These categories include communication (communication processes, communication features and infrastructure), information (content production, content characteristics and publishing), risk communication management (risk perception assessment, planning, coordination and logistics), monitoring and control (monitoring and evaluation, accreditation, documentation), education and training (public and organisational) and ethics and values (culture and social beliefs, ethics and trust). According to this research, the establishment of communication infrastructure and advanced equipment such as various structured formats for communication and artificial intelligence; online and offline communication support systems; and timely and accurate notice can help achieve goals such as coordination and organisation in the health system and increase social participation.
Contribution: This study has clarified and explained all the main components and measures of risk communication that can be used for planning scientifically.
... Emergency information can be divided into data information about emergencies, emergency response measures taken by the government and relevant departments, emergency protection measures taken by the public, and public service information related to emergencies (20). The emergency information release runs through the whole life cycle of emergency management (21). This includes the release of early warning information in the stage of emergency prevention, the release of disaster information as well as prevention and control measures in the stage of emergency response and disposal, and the report of accident investigation and experience summary in the stage of emergency recovery. ...
Emergency information release during public health emergencies is a governance measure to slow down the spread of the epidemic and guide the public in scientific protection. Because of the uncertainty and life-cycle characteristics of public health emergencies, emergency information release represents the process of time dynamics. At present, it is an inevitable trend to establish a collaborative mechanism for emergency information release of public health emergencies to improve the release efficiency and respond to public demand. To determine time evolution characteristics of organizational collaboration in emergency information release, this study took the response to COVID-19 from the central government of China as an example and conducted research based on social network analysis. Based on information from COVID-19-related press conferences held by China's central government, the emergency information release collaborative networks (EIRCNs), and Emergency Organizations-Emergency Information Release Matters (EOs-EIRMs) 2-mode network were constructed. With the time evolution, the tightness, convergence, stability, and connectivity of EIRCNs in public health emergencies presented the process of lowering and then raising. At different stages, the core emergency organization (EO) nodes in EIRCNs continued to maintain a certain degree of activity. Their dynamic processes showed the characteristics of diversification rather than homogeneity. The time evolution of emergency information release matters (EIRMs) reflected the dynamic adjustment of the government's prevention and control measures and responded to the diversification of the public's understanding and protection needs during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further examined the driving factors and implementation mechanism of the time evolution characteristics of the collaborative mode of emergency information release. The implementation of EIRMs at different stages had different resource requirements, which were usually achieved by introducing new EOs (Adding resource increment) or increasing the collaborative frequencies among EOs (Activating resource stock). In addition, further research prospects and feasibility interpretation were proposed.
... Several proposals are made to ensure effective community participation in conservation initiatives regarding sustainability based on outcomes of the study. The introduction of social media has improved the community's need to associate with communicators and acquire information quickly (Mitcham et al. (2021). Consequently, social media may be exploited by local governments to circulate valuable knowledge. ...
The government of Malaysia is committed and receptive to environment conservation efforts. The study's explicit goals will now be as follows: a) Determine community participation techniques in environmental conservation programmes; b) Detect concerns and hindrances to community participation in environmental conservation programmes; and c) Suggest the most effectual community participation approaches in environmental conservation programmes. We spoke to eight main informants from three tiers of local governments. The observations were organised using NVivo. Community participation is hampered by a lack of enthusiasm and understanding, as well as a lack of workforce and finance. 9AN Keywords: Community participation, environmental conservation, local government, SDGs eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3502
... Emergency prevention and aftereffect eradication [1], usually divided into four stages (prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery) [2], are the core of public crisis management. In reality, public crisis management relies extensively on strategic management [3,4], the legal framework [5], knowledge management systems [6], and information transition [7][8][9]. As a public management behavior, the optimization of relevant public policies is vital and urgent, especially under the economic depression and the COVID-19 pandemic all over the world. ...
... The management of public crisis under the multilateralism framework will move towards cooperation, and the impact of the political crisis will be weak [65,66]. The decrease in public crisis communication and public information management may be owing to the rapid development of science and technology, particularly information technology [8,67,68]. With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of the ecological environment, people's ability to respond to flood hazards will improve, and the research heat will decrease. ...
Current research has ignored the hiddenness and the stochasticity of the evolution of public crisis management research, making the knowledge trajectories still unclear. This paper introduces a combined approach, LDA-HMM, to mine the hidden topics, present the evolutionary trajectories of the topics, and predict the future trends in the coming years to fill the research gaps. We reviewed 8543 articles in WOS from 1997 to 2021, extracted 39 hidden topics from the text using the LDA; 33 remained by manual labeling. The development of the topics over the years verifies that the topics are co-evolving with the public crisis events. The confusion and transition features indicate that most topics are confused or transferred to the others. The transition network and the direction of the topics show that six main transfer paths exist, and in the evolution process, the topics have become more focused. By training the HMM, we predict the trends in the next five years; the results show that the heat of the topic that focuses on traditional crisis issues will decrease while the focus on non-traditional issues will increase. We take the average error to test this model's prediction effect by comparing it with the other approaches, concluding that it is better than the others. This study has practical implications for preventing crisis events, optimizing related policies, and grasping key research areas in the future.
... Additionally, this study may be limited because journal databases such as MDPI and Emerald were not considered during the initial article search, although these databases are popular, reputable, and publish high-quality research articles. More importantly, these databases publish issues that are more relevant to crisis management and communication [132][133][134][135][136] than databases such as IEEEXplore. Therefore, future studies may target these journal databases for more relevant articles about crisis management and communication. ...
The end goal of technological advancement used in crisis response and recovery is to prevent, reduce or mitigate the impact of a crisis, thereby enhancing sustainable recovery. Advanced technological approaches such as social media, machine learning (ML), social network analysis (SNA), and big data are vital to a sustainable crisis management decisions and communication. This study selects 28 articles via a systematic process that focuses on ML, SNA, and related technological tools to understand how these tools are shaping crisis management and decision making. The analysis shows the significance of these tools in advancing sustainable crisis management to support decision making, information management, communication, collaboration and cooperation, location-based services, community resilience, situational awareness, and social position. Moreover, the findings noted that managing diverse outreach information and communication is increasingly essential. In addition, the study indicates why big data and language, cross-platform support, and dataset lacking are emerging concerns for sustainable crisis management. Finally, the study contributes to how advanced technological solutions effectively affect crisis response, communication, decision making, and overall crisis management.
