Figure 1 - uploaded by Balarabe Rabiu Mohammed
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1: A global map of dominant or potentially important malaria vector species. The Anopheles mosquito is the global vector of the malaria parasite. Anopheles gambiae is the predominant species especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Adapted and modified from Sinka et al., 2012).
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... data base was used to search for its orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) and VectorBase data base (https://www.VectorBase.org/Anophelesgambiae/ Gene) was used to search for the orthologs in Anopheles gambiae (Ag).The insilico analysis results revealed that the orthologs to vertebrate Nrf2 is identified as CnCC in Drosophila melanogaster and Nf2e1 in Anopheles gambiae gene promoters respectively (Mohammed et al., 2014) (Table 1). ...
... These agents disrupt the association between Nf2e1 and AGAP003645 with subsequent nuclear translocation of Nf2e1. In the cell nucleus, Nf2e1 interacts with small MAF-S (Muscle apoptosis fibromatosis) protein, forming a heterodimer that binds to the ARE (Antioxidant response element) sequence in the promoter region and up-regulates transcription of many genes encoding detoxifying enzymes such as P450s (CYP6M2) (Adopted and modified from Mohammed, 2014). . Schematic illustration general scheme for the inhibition of NF2e1/ AGAP003645 (dKeap 1) -signalling pathway. ...
... When these agents are inhibited, the association between Nf2e1 and AGAP003645 remains intact in the cytoplasm. This disrupts the up-regulation and transcription of many genes encoding detoxifying enzymes such as P450s (CYP6M2) (Adopted and modified from Mohammed, 2014). Figure 3 is an Illustration of the hypothetical inhibition of the Nf2e1/ AGAP003645 signalling pathway which potentially hinders the up-regulation CYP6M2 responsible for insecticide metabolism in Anopheles gambiae. ...
Insecticide resistance is a worldwide menace in the control of vector borne diseases evolving in
substantial vector control program. Cytochrome P450s including CYP6M2 is known to be involved in
the metabolism of insecticides preceding resistance. Information on regulatory mechanisms involved
in the control of P450s in Anopheles gambiae Giles, 1902 is not yet clear. In this review, we analyze the
potential function of Nuclear factor erythroid factor 2 (Nf2e1), which is an ortholog to Nuclear factor E2-
related factor 2 (Nrf2) in vertebrates and Cap ‘n’ collar isoform C (CnCC) in Drosophila melanogaster
in the countenance of the expression of CYP6M2 gene encoding enzymes and conceivably to alienate
insecticide resistance in the control of Anopheles gambiae. Under normal conditions, Nf2e1 aggregates
in the cytoplasm where it synergizes with the actin binding protein, Kelch-like ECH associating protein
1 (Keap1) ortholog AGAP003645, and is instantaneously degenerated by the ubiquitin-proteasome
pathway. This review article depicts contemporary knowledge of the Nf2e1/ AGAP003645 complex,
consolidating chiefly on the molecular mechanism of Nf2e1 regulation and its potential implication in
the control of mosquito borne diseases including malaria.
