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The development activities in machining are targeted towards improvement of the quality of the end product as well as the appearance and surface finish for geometric and work accuracy. The present work proposes a step-by-step integrated metrology scheme for evaluation of the machine tool structure before, during and after machining that affect the...
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... for machining tools. In our study, the sample cutting tool geometrical and topographical assessment is carried out by means of a 3D laser scanning microscope as represented in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The contact mode measurements are carried out by the coordinate measurement machine to collect the data of tool characteristics as represented in the Fig. 5, which are important for performance and surface finish quality. The quality of the end product with increasing demand for functionally sophisticated end products at an economical price force the designers to state the exact specifications of the end product [16]. Any neglect or non- unique representation regarding the description of ...
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Error compensation has become an important means of improving the manufacturing and processing accuracy of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. Quick and precise measurement of the various geometric motion errors (GMEs) of CNC machine tools is crucial. We propose a novel laser method for the efficient and direct high-precision measuremen...
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... Among these methods, the turning method is very important, and it is widely used. The dimensional quality/tolerances, geometric quality, and surface quality of the workpiece are very important in the turning process, just as in other machining methods (Basa et al. (2015)). One of the most important parameters affecting dimensional and geometric tolerances is cutting tool position, and tolerances can be adversely affected due to cutting tool deflection. ...
The turning method is a widely utilized technique in machining. The effect of machining parameters on the machining quality in turning is quite high. A longer tool overhang reduces tool rigidity, leading to increased tool deflection and subsequently, a decrease in machining quality. The tool overhang should be as short as possible in order to reduce tool deflection and eliminate the negative effects of vibration. Another critical factor affecting machining quality, as much as the tool overhang length is the distance between the main cutting edge and the tool holder axis. In the turning process, the alteration of the main cutting-edge position significantly influences the amount of tool deflection. When the main cutting edge is positioned farther from the tool holder axis, it generates a greater torsional moment effect, which negatively impacts machining quality. However, although the main cutting edge position of the turning tool has a great effect on the machining quality, it has not been adequately explored in the existing literature. This study examines how deflection values vary concerning the deviation of the main cutting edge from the tool holder axis using various methods and compares the results. In contrast to the commonly used deviation equation, this research applies the Castigliano theorem, which provides results much closer to actual tool deflection values. The outcomes derived from the Castigliano theorem are then compared with finite element analysis (FEM) and experimental studies. The proposed theoretical approach aligns well with the experimental results, highlighting the significance of considering torsional moments alongside bending moments as they both play a substantial role in tool deflection.
... High-precision measurement of products (e.g., mechanical parts) is of great importance in industrial manufacturing [3]. It is crucial to product quality control and meanwhile enables statistical process control (SPC) [29] for high-precision manufacturing. ...
... For RANSAC, the complexity is O(t N ) with N feature points and t iterations. The complexity of bundle adjustment is O(t(N + M) 3 ) where M is the number of cameras. Obviously, the main computational bottleneck is on BA. ...
High-precision measurement based on multi-view geometry benefits from aligning a template CAD model to the multi-view observations of a target object. It not only improves the multi-camera calibration but also assists the measurement by serving as a “scaffold.” A straightforward approach is to reconstruct the target object and perform a 3D registration with the CAD model. However, the accuracy of such 3D alignment cannot meet the high-precision requirement. We formulate the problem as a bundle adjustment where we jointly optimize the 6DoF poses of both the template model and the multiple cameras. To accommodate the manufacturing error of products, we propose a simple and robust solution based on a discrete–continuous optimization which interleaves between correspondence selection and pose optimization. In the discrete step, a robust RANSAC-based selection process selects well-matched 2D–3D feature points according to the current model/camera poses. In the continuous step, it jointly optimizes the 6D poses of the CAD model and the multiple cameras. This interleaving optimization constitutes a novel hybrid bundle adjustment (HBA). In HBA, the reprojection error of a feature point is measured either with the 2D–3D correspondence between the observation image and the CAD model or with the cross-view correspondence between multiple images, whichever is more reliable according to the discrete selection step. Through extensive evaluation on real-world data, we demonstrate that HBA achieves high-precision multi-camera calibration, outperforming alternative approaches significantly.
... According to Gokcen, Lachezar and Numan (2015) to implement control techniques for these production processes is key, also to update and improve all processes in the value chain. It should also be noted that these procedures increase the competitiveness and efficiency of all companies involved, especially in complex manufacturing processes, which require precision and reliability in their operations and assembly lines. ...
Businesses need to constantly maintain high quality in their products, and more importantly to remain competitive even at a global level, which is the current market pressure and need for many SME in countries underdevelopment, where more global enterprises have arrived leaving local businesses to the extreme of perishing. Therefore, already employed strategies in global companies to improve their product quality are essential to be reconsidered and to be implemented by local plants. Automation had become a highly important strategy in the manufacturing industry to satisfy customers and stand out from their competitors, more because today customers increasingly demand sustainable and higher quality products. The aim of this research was to validate the level of automatization and its effect onto product quality, in local, small, and medium enterprises (SME). A survey with two constructs was applied to manufacturing SME in the Aguascalientes region, Mexico. The data was analysed using SPSS-26 software. The regression analyses demonstrated that automation had a significant and positive effect on product quality in local SME, however, automatization is not recognized as a priority strategy leaving SME behind global competitive businesses in terms of product quality. Keywords: Quality, Strategies, Management, SME, Manufacturing.
... В рассмотренных источниках [1,2,3,4] подробно описаны процессы измерения, обработки результатов с учетом компенсации некоторых ошибок и погрешностей и оценки точности измерения конкретных деталей определѐнными средствами измерения. Результаты не являются универсальными, и для каждого отдельного случая будут иметь место дополнительные погрешности, обусловленные особенностями геометрии конкретной детали и применяемых средств измерений. ...
... Surface roughness is an important parameter that quantifies the quality and precision of the manufactured workpiece [1]. It is measured after calculating the deviations towards the normal vector from an ideal surface to the actual workpiece surface. ...
... Energy: 1 ...
Surface Roughness of a machined component is crucial in identifying its functional capability when the manufactured specimen has metal to metal contact during operating condition since most wear and tear of the parts occurs due to friction between the surfaces of the moving parts. It is quite difficult to manually check the surface roughness of each component being manufactured on a manufacturing line. This paper aims to present a methodology to predict surface roughness using Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Machine Learning. Two machine learning algorithms Bagging Tree and Stochastic Gradient Boosting are compared and evaluated based on statistical parameters .It is observed that Stochastic Gradient Boosting predicts surface roughness in an efficient way both for training and Ten-fold cross-validation. The methodology used can be employed for online inspection and qualitative assessment of machined components.
... Estas empresas en su mayoría son grandes, por lo que al momento del estudio se reflejó que el 24.5% de las empresas en Aguascalientes son totalmente automatizadas. Por otro lado, si la empresa local grande, desea escalar mayores lugares de los actualmente sustenta, es necesario que desarrolle su filosofía y sistemas de trabajo, al nivel que los tiene la industria extranjera que ha llegado al estado, y que demuestran día a día en sus operaciones; ya que en lo que respecta los procesos de producción, se demandan sistemas modernos de manufactura, que su ves ofrecen confiabilidad y precisión de los componentes al ser ensamblados (Gokcen, Lachezar y Numan, 2015). Asimismo, se requiere que tenga perfectamente establecidos los parámetros de control en todos los aspectos para trabajar bajo normas y estándares establecidos, y no únicamente tomar decisiones de acuerdo a los efectos de la operación sobre la producción (Lee, Ho, Choy y Pang, 2014); de manera que no se evalúe la efectividad de la operación solamente por la cantidad de producción, sino también por los resultados en calidad. ...
El propósito de este artículo es examinar los efectos de la orientación emprendedora (actitud innovadora y toma de riesgos) sobre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en su dimensión Medioambientales y como éstas influyen sobre la Rentabilidad que se manifiesta en la MiPyMe. La investigación está fundamentada en una muestra de 343 empresas localizadas en la región Noroeste de México (Sonora, Sinaloa y Baja California). La recolección de los datos se realizó en un periodo comprendido entre mayo y septiembre del año 2018, con el apoyo de una encuesta estructurada autodirigida al gerente de la empresa. Para el análisis y validación de los resultados, se ha utilizado la técnica estadística de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) basada en la varianza a través de PLS (Partial Least Square). Este trabajo contribuye principalmente en el desarrollo de la literatura de las Capacidades Dinámicas y la teoría de los Grupos de Interés (Stakeholders). Los resultados indican que la Orientación Emprendedora es una variable determinante para generar mayores prácticas de RSC Medioambientales y es clave para elevar la rentabilidad financiera. Además, se ha descubierto que la RSCMA, es una variable que media parcialmente entre la OE y el Performance de las MiPyMEs.
... Por otro lado, la calidad se considera como una ventaja competitiva, la cual le permite a la organización la preferencia de los clientes en la selección de productos requeridos por este; ya que cuando existe la preocupación por desarrollarla se logra mayor funcionalidad, menor costo y el respeto por las especificaciones de diseño dadas al producto desde su concepción (Bas, Stoev y Durakbasa, 2015). Para las empresas que cuentan con formas de trabajo establecidas, y que piensan que están bien, les es difícil cambiar para mejorar, en cualquier aspecto; sin embargo cuando se adopta la idea de mejorar, se facilita el poner en práctica formas de trabajo que rindan mejores resultados; por tal motivo, parece que lo primero que se debe de regular es la aceptación de que siempre se tiene oportunidad de mejora, y que ésta se debe aprovechar para lograr la capacidad para competir, máxime en ámbitos como el que en este momento rodea a la empresa local en Aguascalientes. ...
... В рассмотренных источниках подробно описаны процессы измерения [6], обработки результатов [2] с учетом компенсации некоторых ошибок и погрешностей [4] и оценки точности конкретного оборудования [5]. Но в исследованиях [3,4,5,6,7] приведены расчеты для одного вида детали. ...
... В рассмотренных источниках подробно описаны процессы измерения [6], обработки результатов [2] с учетом компенсации некоторых ошибок и погрешностей [4] и оценки точности конкретного оборудования [5]. Но в исследованиях [3,4,5,6,7] приведены расчеты для одного вида детали. Следовательно, результаты не являются универсальными, и для каждого отдельного случая будут иметь место дополнительные погрешности, обусловленные особенностями геометрии детали и применяемого оборудования. ...
... Workpiece diameter d = 50 mm. Based on theoretical calculation of roughnes [1,8,9], we continued on roughness parameters verification. Subsequently, after performed experiments we detected the residual stresses of machined surface by unconventional tool with a circular rotating disc. ...
The technical practice requirements comes to have increased demands on higher productivity, speed and quality of the machining process of various materials. Hard to machine materials, whose machining led to the development of turning with rotating cutting edge are not an exception. The machining process of auto-rotating tool is more complicated than the conventional process of turning, especially for the process of reshaping cutting layers into chips. There is a significant load in the system, that may affect the life of the cutting edge of the tool as well as the whole system and also in the final extent of the qualitative parameters of the workpiece (product / product). The article specifies the knowledge and findings of measurement in machining material 100Cr6 with an auto-rotating tool. The measurements were conducted to evaluate the integrity of the surface (roughness) of the workpiece to the impacts of cutting conditions, in particular the feed and the cutting edge inclination. It also analyzes the presence (size, character, action) of residual stresses concentrated in the surface layers of the workpiece by changing the cutting conditions.
... They also measured all the end milling cutting edge radii after milling to obtain deviations from the initial geometry. Bas et al. [22] developed a methodology to characterise tool rake roughness. While cutting edges were measured in contact mode, seven parameters of surface roughness were optically measured to determine the quality of the tool rake preparation. ...
We present a method for investigating the process of ball end milling, a technology widely used in tool making and moulding. We analyse the main features of free-form surfaces used in this technology, and propose a sequence of steps to identify the most suitable milling strategy. The basic idea of such a sequence lies in the definition of the tangible fragments of free-form surfaces applicable to tool making. Tangible fragments represent the parts of tooling and signed radii that can distinguish both the active and transitional surfaces of tooling. Free-form surface fragments were selected since they are capable of securing definiteness in measurement of roughness parameters and surface errors. We investigated the operation capability of solid ball end milling cutters in terms of cutting tool edge micro-geometry. Cutting edge radius (rn) and roughness parameters of the tool edge were measured to determine the relationship between new and worn tool edges. Roughness parameters were measured at different parts of the machined surfaces, which take on typical features of dies and moulds, such as inclined wall, ridge lines, valley lines, as well as, the active surfaces defined by signed radii. Surface error such as scallop height, gouging, tolerances and actual signed radii were measured at transitive surfaces. The traditional approach of evaluating roughness parameters was used to determine the suitability of factors such as milling operation, milling strategy and direction of milling. In addition, traditional approaches such as relationships, distributions and histograms were also used. We applied Khattree–Naik’s plot, which proves its suitability to visualise all the data being measured in the same units: microns and millimetres. Characteristic features of the ball end milling process, such as tool edge micro-geometry, geometry of the machined surface, and unit length of the transitive surface were applied in Khattree–Naik’s plots. We found that this plot was capable of processing multivariate data to distinguish specific markers of the quality of machined surfaces, which are produced in ball end milling.
