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A comparison of the FDTD simulated and group theory predicted E z field profiles for the four lowest gamma-point modes, in order of increasing frequency. The modes, labeled according to C 2v designations, are (a) A 1,1 , (b) B 2 , (c) B 1 , (d) A 1,2. The group theory predictions are shown on the left, while the FDTD results, including the effects of the photonic crystal air hole (overlaid white square), are shown on the right. The FDTD fields shown are 2D slices of the full simulations taken just below the top metal layer, inside the active region.
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We design a polarization-sensitive resonator for use in midinfrared photodetectors, utilizing a photonic crystal cavity and a single or double-metal plasmonic waveguide to achieve enhanced detector efficiency due to superior optical confinement within the active region. As the cavity
is highly frequency and polarization-sensitive, this resonator st...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... modes are plotted in Fig. 7. The C 4v two-dimensional representation E decomposes into B 1 ⊕ B 2 under C 2v , therefore the dipole-like modes are no longer degenerate. This is in agree- ment with what we see in the bandstructure of the stretched lattice, Fig. ...
Context 2
... FDTD simulations confirm the results of our separate photonic crystal and plasmon waveguide simulations. Figure 7 shows the FDTD field plots (left) in comparison with the group theory mode plots (right). Though the presence of the air-hole distorts the shape of the modes in the center of the FDTD images, at the outside of the simulation region it can be seen that the simple group theory calculations have accurately predicted the mode shapes given by the more complex FDTD simulations. ...
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Citations
... The corresponding fields in the upper and lower semi-infinite regions are [see Eqs. (14) and (15) ...
In this study, we reveal noncontact frictional forces between surfaces in the presence of peristaltic permittivity modulation. Our setup comprises a conducting medium, an air gap, and a dielectric substrate on which we have a space-time-modulated grating that emits electromagnetic radiation. The radiation receives energy and momentum from the grating, which is eventually absorbed by the conducting medium or propagates away from the grating on the dielectric side, resulting in electromagnetic power loss and lateral forces at the surfaces.
... In 2010, Rosenberg et al. used a resonant cavity to confine incident light, thereby increasing the light absorption of the device and improving polarization detection efficiency. [106] In 2016, Yang et al. designed a polarization-sensitive superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with a coupled asymmetric column-switching resonator (Figure 8a,b). [107] The detector is fabricated by embedding superconducting nanowires in a resonant cavity made of a coupled asymmetric split-ring resonator. ...
Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are gaining numerous attention since polarization detection is important in geological remote sensing, atmospheric monitoring, military recon, and medical examination. Among various reported photoactive materials for photodetectors, metal halide perovskites have outstanding advantages such as tunable band gaps, excellent optoelectronic properties, and easy fabrication. Moreover, the characteristics of crystal structure anisotropy and controllable growth orientation of perovskite crystals endow the perovskite photodetector with the ability to identify light polarization states. This review outlines the recent research progress of perovskite photodetectors on polarization‐sensitive detection. Firstly, key device parameters of polarization‐sensitive detection are introduced. Then, the recent progress of polarization‐sensitive perovskite detectors in the field of linear and circular polarization is reviewed according to the different principles of polarization response. Finally, the challenges of polarization‐sensitive perovskite photodetector are discussed.
... Therefore, physical investigation of optical absorption mechanism inside the thin film IR photodetector and finding a scheme to enhance the optical absorption is critical for its application at imaging and detection (Liang et al. 2020). Lots of research is done to improve the performance of IR photodetectors by increasing the optical absorption, such as, graphene plasmon excitation (Guo et al. 2018;Zhang et al. 2018a, b), plasmonic enhanced carbon nanotube detector (Huang et al. 2017), muli-layer hetrostructure (Salim et al. 2019;Xiong et al. 2019;Kopytko et al. 2019), Fabry Perot cavity resonance (Kang et al. 2011), dielectric photonic crystals (Rosenberg et al. 2010), distributed brag reflectors (Zhang et al. 2018a, b), and surface plasmon excitation (Chen et al. 2022;Kang et al. 2013;Feng et al. 2019). Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the interface of noble metals leads to the strong local field and hot points inside the photosensitive layers and makes this technology an effective method for light-matter interaction at subwavelength dimensions. ...
A new dual band thin film heterojunction metal-semiconductor-metal infrared photodetector base on InGaAs for wavelength of 1.1–1.7 μm and InSb for wavelength of 3–5 μm is proposed and investigated numerically. One major problem of thin film photodetectors is low quantum efficiency that originates from low optical absorption. The quantum efficiency of proposed structure is improved by locating the array of optimized aluminum nanostructure (Al-NS) between the InGaAs and InSb layers. Using optimized Al-NS between the stack of InGaAs and InSb (InSb/Al-NS/InGaAs) results in plasmon excitation inside the photosensitive layers and so, higher photocarrier generation. Moreover, locating zinc oxide nanorode as an antireflection coating on top of detector reduces the incident light reflection in both spectrum of 1.1–1.7 μm and 3–5 μm. The finite different time domain method is used to investigated the optical properties of proposed structure and optimize the structure. According to the simulation results, designed structure gives rise to 108.1%, 110% and 320% light absorption enhancement at wavelength of 1.33 μm, 1.55 and 4 μm, respectively compared to reference conventional structure.
... Analogously, the permitted frequencies make up the permitted bands [4,5]. The PBGs lead to various applications of photonic crystals such as perfect dielectric mirror [6], nonlinear effects [7], resonant cavities [8], photonic crystal fibers [9], waveguides [10], and photonic crystal devices [11], e.g., ultra-fast, efficient and high power nanocavity lasers, optical buffer and storage components. ...
Photonic band gap structure for the system of alternated layers filled with metamaterial and vacuum is studied. We assume that the metamaterial is the dispersive medium. We also assume that the permittivity and permeability have the identical expression. We use a single Lorentz term to describe them. For certain frequency interval, the metamaterial has the negative refractive index and behaves like a NIM. For other frequencies, it has the positive refractive index and behaves like a PIM. We compare the NIM case with the PIM case.
... Therefore, physical investigation of optical absorption mechanism inside the thin film IR photodetector and finding a scheme to enhance the optical absorption is critical for its application at imaging and detection [10]. Lots of research is done to improve the performance of IR photodetectors by increasing the optical absorption, such as, graphene plasmon excitation [11,12], plasmonic enhanced carbon nanotube detector [13], muli-layer hetro-structure [14,15], Fabry Perot cavity resonance [16], dielectric photonic crystals [17], distributed brag reflectors [18], and surface plasmon excitation [19,20]. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the interface of noble metals leads to the strong local field and hot points inside the photosensitive layers and makes this technology an effective method for light-matter interaction at subwavelength dimensions. ...
A new dual band thin film metal-semiconductor-metal infrared photodetector base on InGaAs for wavelength of 1.1–1.7 µm and InSb for wavelength of 3–5 µm is proposed and investigated numerically. One major problem of thin film photodetectors is low quantum efficiency that originates from low optical absorption. The quantum efficiency of proposed structure is improved by locating the array of optimized aluminum nanostructure (Al-NS) between the InGaAs and InSb layers. Using optimized Al-NS between the stack of InGaAs and InSb (InSb/Al-NS/InGaAs) results in plasmon excitation inside the photosensitive layers and so, higher photocarrier generation. Moreover, locating zinc oxide nanorode as an antireflection coating on top of detector reduces the incident light reflection in both spectrum of 1.1–1.7 µm and 3–5 µm. The finite different time domain method is used to investigated the optical properties of proposed structure and optimize the structure. According to the simulation results, designed structure gives rise to 108.1%, 110% and 320% light absorption enhancement at wavelength of 1.33 µm, 1.55 µm and 4 µm, respectively compared to reference conventional structure.
... graphene [143]), as shown in figures 17(a) and (b). Moreover, PC can be employed to guide light in subwavelength volumes, and to produce cavity effects, as shown in figure 17(c) [144]. Optical antennas are structures that couples the propagating light into evanescent near field, favoring absorption and detection. ...
... Copyright (2012) American Chemical Society, (c) schematic of PC-based resonator implementation in an FPA. Reproduced with permission from [144]. © 2010 SPIE, (d) schematic and FDTD field enhancement simulation for the hybrid metallo-dielectric photonic jet nanoantenna. ...
Infrared detection and imaging are key enabling technologies for a vast number of applications, ranging from communication, to medicine and astronomy, and have recently attracted interest for their potential application in optical interconnects and quantum computing. Nonetheless, infrared detection still constitutes the performance bottleneck for several of these applications, due to a number of unsolved challenges, such as limited quantum efficiency, yield and scalability of the devices, as well as limited sensitivity and low operating temperatures. The current commercially dominating technologies are based on planar semiconducting PIN or avalanche detectors. However, recent developments in semiconductor technology and nano-scale materials have enabled significant technological advancement, demonstrating the potential for groundbreaking achievements in the field. We review the recent progress in the most prominent novel detection technologies, and evaluate their advantages, limitations, and prospects. We further offer a perspective on the main fundamental limits on the detectors sensitivity, and we discuss the technological challenges that need to be addressed for significative advancement of the field. Finally, we present a set of potential system-wide strategies, including nanoscale and low-dimensional detectors, light coupling enhancement strategies, advanced read-out circuitry, neuromorphic and curved image sensors, aimed at improving the overall imagers performance.
... However, adding such macroscopic interference filters before IR sensors limits the number of the resonant wavelength for precise and multifunctional IR spectroscopic devices. Another approach that has been advanced as a possible solution to the requirement of this handheld concurrent multi-wavelength IR sensor, is to employ novel photonic crystals [1][2][3][4] and plasmonic structures [5][6][7][8][9][10] , wherein the field confinement and resonant bandwidth as well as the resonant tunability can be controlled more easily in micron-scale devices. Nevertheless, the most photonic and plasmonic structures are rather complex structures and have been applied only for individual single-wavelength IR sensors. ...
Merging photonic structures and optoelectronic sensors into a single chip may yield a sensor-on-chip spectroscopic device that can measure the spectrum of matters. In this work, we propose and realize an on-chip concurrent multi-wavelength infrared (IR) sensor. The fabricated quad-wavelength IR sensors exhibit four different narrowband spectral responses at normal incidence following the pre-designed resonances in the mid-wavelength infrared region that corresponds to the atmospheric window. The device can be applied for practical spectroscopic applications such as non-dispersive IR sensors, IR chemical imaging devices, pyrometers, and spectroscopic thermography imaging.
... However, adding such macroscopic interference filters before IR sensors limits the number of the resonant wavelength for precise and multifunctional IR spectroscopic devices. Another approach that has been advanced as a possible solution to the requirement of this handheld concurrent multiwavelength IR sensor, is to employ novel photonic crystals [1][2][3][4] and plasmonic structures, [5][6][7][8][9][10] wherein the field confinement and resonant bandwidth as well as the resonant tunability can be controlled more easily in micrometer-scale devices. Nevertheless, the most photonic and plasmonic structures are rather complex structures and have been applied only for individual single-wavelength IR sensors. ...
Merging photonic structures and optoelectronic sensors into a single chip may yield a sensor-on-chip spectroscopic device that can measure the spectrum of matter. In this work, an on-chip concurrent multiwavelength infrared (IR) sensor, which consists of a set of narrowband wavelength-selective plasmonic perfect absorbers combined with pyroelectric sensors, where the response of each pyroelectric sensor is boosted only at the resonance of the nanostructured absorber, is proposed and realized. The proposed absorber, which is based on Wood's anomaly absorption from a 2D plasmonic square lattice, shows a narrowband polarization-independent resonance (quality factor - Q of 73) with a nearly perfect absorptivity as high as 0.99 at normal incidence. The fabricated quad-wavelength IR sensors exhibit four different narrowband spectral responses at normal incidence following the predesigned resonances in the mid-wavelength infrared region that corresponds to the atmospheric window. The device can be applied for practical spectroscopic applications such as nondispersive IR sensors, IR chemical imaging devices, pyrometers, and spectroscopic thermography imaging.
... For a long time, this loss was considered to be a major limiting factor in realization of plasmonic devices but later this very loss is used as a benefit. The narrowband perfect light absorption has been shown theoretically and experimentally through critical coupling by resonant plasmonic systems [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Devices, which use narrowband plasmonic absorbers, were demonstrated for perfect metamaterial absorbers [25], spatial modulators [3,26] and narrowband infrared detection [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. ...
Frequency selective detection of low energy photons is a scientific challenge using natural materials. A hypothetical surface which functions like a light funnel with very low thermal mass in order to enhance photon collection and suppress background thermal noise is the ideal solution to address both low temperature and frequency selective detection limitations of present detection systems. Here, we present a cavity-coupled quasi-three dimensional plasmonic crystal which induces impedance matching to the free space giving rise to extraordinary transmission through the sub-wavelength aperture array like a “light funnel” in coupling low energy incident photons resulting in frequency selective perfect (~100%) absorption of the incident radiation and zero back reflection. The peak wavelength of absorption of the incident light is almost independent of the angle of incidence and remains within 20% of its maximum (100%) up to θ i ≤ 45 ˚ . This perfect absorption results from the incident light-driven localized edge “micro-plasma” currents on the lossy metallic surfaces. The wide-angle light funneling is validated with experimental measurements. Further, a super-lattice based electronic biasing circuit converts the absorbed narrow linewidth ( Δ λ / λ 0 < 0.075) photon energy inside the sub-wavelength thick film (< λ/100) to voltage output with high signal to noise ratio close to the theoretical limit. Such artificial plasmonic surfaces enable flexible scaling of light funneling response to any wavelength range by simple dimensional changes paving the path towards room temperature frequency selective low energy photon detection.
... By introducing rigid architecture, such as wedged side groups [14,15] and helical side chains [3], to reduce the chain entanglement, 1D PCs that reflect light from the ultraviolet, through the visible, and into the near infrared wavelength can be obtained. Because of the excellent ability to manipulate and control photons, photonic crystals make their applications in the optical materials, including light filters [16], reflection coatings [17] and resonant cavities [18]. ...
Brush block copolymers (BBCPs) with narrow polydispersity index (PDI) have the ability to self-assemble into lamellae phase, which makes them candidates for preparing one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) materials. However, BBCPs with broad PDI were supposed to be difficult in fabrication of well-defined PCs. Herein, by utilizing atom transfer radical polymerization and ring-opening metathesis polymerization, widely dispersed BBCPs with polystyrene and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) as side chains were synthesized. Surprisingly, 1D PC thin films were obtained through controlled evaporation of the dichloromethane solution of BBCPs. The thin films exhibited a maximum peak wavelength of reflectance from 294 to 480 nm with the different main chain length even the PDI of the BBCP was as high as 2.1. And, the reflectance turned broader and broader with an increase in PDI and molecular weight. Wide wavelength PCs reflected from 280 to 620 nm were prepared, which showed great potential in displays.
