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A comparison of electromagnetic (pink) and hemodynamic (blue) neuroimaging techniques for use in neuroergonomics based on temporal resolution (x-axis), spatial resolution (y-axis), and degree of immobility (z-axis). EEG, electroencephalography; ERP, event-related potentials; MEG, magnetoencephalography; fNIRS, functional near infrared spectroscopy; TCDS, transcranial Doppler sonography; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; DTI, Diffusion tensor imaging; PET, positron emission tomography.
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Neuroergonomics is an emerging science that is defined as the study of the human brain in relation to performance at work and in everyday settings. This paper provides a critical review of the neuroergonomic approach to evaluating physical and cognitive work, particularly in mobile settings. Neuroergonomics research employing mobile and immobile br...
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Citations
... Physical ergonomics (PE) is the ability to perform and carry out physical tasks by moving the body [73]. In this study, the use of face masks, face shields, vaccines, and other barriers that are tangibly available and usable by people for protection, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic, were considered factors for physical ergonomic appraisal. ...
This study examined the perceived protective behavior of Filipinos towards COVID-19. It utilized the extended protection motivation theory (PMT) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) models with the integration of ergonomic appraisal, applying partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to determine the factors affecting the protective behavior of Filipinos against COVID-19. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 3000 Filipino citizens to measure the factors and their relationships. Results showed that understanding COVID-19 significantly influences the Filipinos’ perceived virus severity and vulnerability. In turn, perceived severity, self-efficacy, attitude, and subjective norms were the significant factors that affected the behavioral intention, impacting protective behavior. In addition, cognitive and macro ergonomics have been found to be the factors that influence the protective behavior of Filipinos against COVID-19. Thus, the study’s findings can be used as a framework for developing pandemic response initiatives that aim to inform and educate Filipinos, especially those who do not have the privilege of accessing information. Lastly, the outcome of this study can be used as a theoretical framework for future researchers who aim to conduct a study in a similar discipline.
... Oxygen saturation reduction in the brain blood in the left prefrontal cortex is associated with fatigue [44]. j) Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), researchers have found with this technique the prefrontal cortex activation with the skills acquisition in basic working memory tasks as in more complex tasks [45]. k) Respiration depth (RD) decreases as MWL increases [38]. ...
The current real tasks in work environments are complex, they demand a large amount of cognitive work, which causes the need to carry out Mental Workload (MWL) studies during the execution of those tasks. In high-tech manufacturing processes, the human-machine systems adopted are technologically more complex than ever and, consequently, the MWL of employees has increased during their work activities. A high MWL can adversely affect employee well-being, causing new health problems, mainly cognitive. MWL has become a relevant workplace concern due to its relationship with poor performance, low productivity, human errors, accidents, and stress. In this project, a design of experiments framework was created to measure MWL through a graphical user interface (GUI) that contains the Dual N-back method, it is developed by subjects while they performed a set of cognitive tasks; and it is measured physiologically by electroencephalogram (EEG). The design integrated hardware (Cyton© card as EEG measurement equipment) and software (OpenBCI, MATLAB, EEGLAB) that automatically synchronizes the electroencephalogram (EEG) with the activity performed (stimulus), this was done by using the Lab Streaming Layer (LSL)© system, which allows real-time data transmission between applications in a computer. This study validated the EWI model as an index of MWL performance.
... Neuroergonomics measures how the brain responds to different types of work. Neuroergonomics is crucial because it allows for flexible evaluation of brain function in realistic work environments [4,5]. ...
Humans play more of a role as operators who carry out control functions,
so cognitive abilities, especially those related to perception and decision-making,
become very important. Cognitive performance can be seen in a person’s ability to
complete a cognitive activity. Electroencephalography is a tool for measuring cogni�tive performance through human brain activity wave signals. The main objective
of this article is to systematically review Power Spectrum Density (PSD) feature
extraction methods for cognitive performance measurement based on EEG. The
methods used in this study are the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for System�atic Review and Meta-Analysis) method and Bibliometric analysis using VOSViewer.
Data sources totaled 50 articles obtained from Scopus, Science Direct, and IOP
Science for the 2013–2023 periods. The results of this article were obtained by
observing keywords, density, article trends, feature extraction methods, and the appli�cation of EEG. The results showed that out of 50 articles that had been reviewed, 19
used PSD to measure cognitive performance, the Alpha frequency band is the most
commonly used in measuring cognitive performance. The increasing use of PSD
methods for the measurement of cognitive aspects (fatigue, workload, performance,
mental) shows that future research directions can still be developed.
... fMRI and fNIRS measure hemodynamic activity (i.e., changes in blood flow in different brain regions) with high spatial resolution but relatively slow temporal resolution due to the sluggish nature of blood flow. In contrast, EEG measures the electrical activity of cortical neurons with high temporal resolution but relatively low spatial resolution due to the unknown mixture of volume-and capacitive conducted signals that mix at the sensor level (Gramann, Jung, et al., 2014;Mehta & Parasuraman, 2013). The use of MRI is expensive and access often limited, the systems are heavy, and the recorded signal is susceptible to movements requiring stationary protocols with participants lying supine in the scanner not allowed to move at all (Gramann et al., 2011). ...
... For example, show the brain behaves during cognitive activities and when performing tasks. The EEG is considered the best choice for recording information on brain activity due to its characteristics: It is of a non-invasive nature, it emits a continuous signal, it has sensitivity, it captures signals in real-time, and it has excellent temporal resolution (Mehta and Parasuraman 2013;Lecoutre et al. 2015;Zhang et al. 2016). Using EEG in experiments with computational systems, especially games, has enabled changes in several frequency bands of the brain activity of players to be identified (Kivikangas et al. 2011;McMahan et al. 2015;Kerous et al. 2017). ...
Identifying users’ experience when using products is one of the major challenges for design. Analyzing users’ psychophysiological reactions to an experience using biofeedback can produce more reliable results than using subjective evaluations, such as structured interviews and questionnaires. Two case studies were conducted to identify emotions users actually felt and to check whether there is some correspondence with what they reported after using two computational systems. The first system investigated users’ emotions during training on a vehicle driving simulator, and the second analyzed the emotions experienced during a car racing game, both in a virtual reality environment. User’s opinions about their emotional state were obtained using self-report techniques (using the Geneva Emotions Wheel—GEW and Positive and Negative Affective Schedule—PANAS questionnaires) and applying EEG (brain activity with Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Index—FAAI) and infrared thermography (facial thermograms). The training experiment presented the greater concordance between the psychophysiological and the self-report responses. Results evidenced the importance of undertaking multimodal studies in design research to determine users’ emotional experiences in a virtual reality context.
... fMRI and fNIRS measure hemodynamic activity (i.e., changes in blood flow in different brain regions) with high spatial resolution but relatively slow temporal resolution due to the sluggish nature of blood flow. In contrast, EEG measures the electrical activity of cortical neurons with high temporal resolution but relatively low spatial resolution due to the unknown mixture of volume-and capacitive conducted signals that mix at the sensor level (Gramann, Jung, et al., 2014;Mehta & Parasuraman, 2013). The use of MRI is expensive and access often limited, the systems are heavy, and the recorded signal is susceptible to movements requiring stationary protocols with participants lying supine in the scanner not allowed to move at all (Gramann et al., 2011). ...
Based on increasing incidents of mental ill-health associated with living in dense urban environments, the field of Neurourbanism developed rapidly, aiming at identifying and improving urban factors that impact the health of city dwellers. Neurourbanism and the closely related field of Neuro-Architecture have seen a surge in studies using mobile electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the impact of the built and natural environment on human brain activity moving from the laboratory into the real world. This trend predominantly arises from the ready availability of affordable and portable consumer hardware, which not only guarantees operational simplicity but also frequently incorporates automated data analysis functions. This significantly streamlines the process of EEG data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation, seemingly challenging the necessity of specialized expertise in the method of EEG or neurosciences in general. As a consequence, numerous studies in the field of Neurourbanism have used such off-the-shelf systems in laboratory and real-world experimental protocols including active movement of participants through the environment. However, the recording and analysis of EEG data entails numerous requisites, the disregard of which may culminate in errors during data acquisition, processing, and subsequent interpretation, potentially compromising the scientific validity of the outcomes. The often relatively low number of electrodes offered by affordable and portable consumer EEG systems further restricts specific analyses approaches to the low-dimensional EEG data. Crucially, a large part of Neurourbanism studies used black-box analyses provided by such consumer systems or incorrectly applied complex data-driven analyses methods that are incompatible with the recorded low-dimensional data. The current manuscript delineates the prerequisites concerning EEG hardware and analytical methodologies applicable to stationary and mobile EEG protocols, whether conducted within a controlled laboratory environment or in real-world settings. It conducts a comprehensive review of EEG studies within the domain of Neurourbanism and Neuro-Architecture, assessing their adherence to these prerequisites. The findings reveal severe deficiencies in the utilization of hardware and data processing methods, thereby rendering these studies unsuitable for scientific scrutiny. Consequently, the present paper provides guidelines for the selection of EEG hardware and analytical strategies for researchers engaged in mobile EEG recordings, be it within a laboratory or real-world context, aimed at steering future investigations in the field of Neurourbanism and Neuro-Architecture.
... During each experimental session, participants were outfitted with a suite of six brain and body sensors to monitor correlates of cognitive workload (Parasuraman and Wilson, 2008;Ayaz et al., 2010bAyaz et al., , 2012Ayaz et al., , 2013Mehta and Parasuraman, 2013). For neuroimaging, these included functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). ...
... While EEG measures were widely significant across the brain for changes in the main effect of Session, not every task elicited a significant main effect of Condition with the EEG data after FDR correction (only Vigilance and Inhibitory Control). Overall, the alpha band was the most sensitive to changes in difficulty, and real world applications may focus on this and the theta band, over the central and parietal regions of the cortex, to try and use a limited number of electrodes that are faster and easier to set up as compared to whole brain recordings for more neuroergonomic applications (Mehta and Parasuraman, 2013;Ismail and Karwowski, 2020;Longo et al., 2022). ...
Introduction: The efficiency and safety of complex high precision human-machine systems such as in aerospace and robotic surgery are closely related to the cognitive readiness, ability to manage workload, and situational awareness of their operators. Accurate assessment of mental workload could help in preventing operator error and allow for pertinent intervention by predicting performance declines that can arise from either work overload or under stimulation. Neuroergonomic approaches based on measures of human body and brain activity collectively can provide sensitive and reliable assessment of human mental workload in complex training and work environments.
Methods: In this study, we developed a new six-cognitive-domain task protocol, coupling it with six biomedical monitoring modalities to concurrently capture performance and cognitive workload correlates across a longitudinal multi-day investigation. Utilizing two distinct modalities for each aspect of cardiac activity (ECG and PPG), ocular activity (EOG and eye-tracking), and brain activity (EEG and fNIRS), 23 participants engaged in four sessions over 4 weeks, performing tasks associated with working memory, vigilance, risk assessment, shifting attention, situation awareness, and inhibitory control.
Results: The results revealed varying levels of sensitivity to workload within each modality. While certain measures exhibited consistency across tasks, neuroimaging modalities, in particular, unveiled meaningful differences between task conditions and cognitive domains.
Discussion: This is the first comprehensive comparison of these six brain-body measures across multiple days and cognitive domains. The findings underscore the potential of wearable brain and body sensing methods for evaluating mental workload. Such comprehensive neuroergonomic assessment can inform development of next generation neuroadaptive interfaces and training approaches for more efficient human-machine interaction and operator skill acquisition.
... Brain's mapping performance (BMP) non-invasive assessment is available as a standard Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG). The electro-cap was placed over the 19-relative delta (1)(2)(3)(4), theta (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), beta (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and high beta (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) following the protocol of the international 10-20 system. The key results included brain wave activity that provide information about the distribution, amplitude, and frequency of different brain wave patterns. ...
... Brain's mapping performance (BMP) non-invasive assessment is available as a standard Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG). The electro-cap was placed over the 19-relative delta (1)(2)(3)(4), theta (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), beta (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and high beta (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) following the protocol of the international 10-20 system. The key results included brain wave activity that provide information about the distribution, amplitude, and frequency of different brain wave patterns. ...
... The data from the BMP based ergonomic evaluation can be used to identify potential areas of improvement in the working environment, such as UV-free LED light, relaxing sound, and 20-22 degrees Celsius temperature which have been used in previous studies in relation to the neuroadaptive training system 25,26 . For instance, task restructuring is identified near a real time during physical and cognitive work cases of overload to loss of vigilance and to gain fatigue 25 . ...
A novel test called "brain mapping performance" (BMP) was developed by psychosocial occupational therapists to encourage explicit learning throughout the lifetime. For those who have not been convinced of the benefits of emerging neuroergonomics, the evaluation of job readiness appears to be challenging. Each person's level of intrinsic brain capacity for leadership BMP can be explained by encouraging soft skills, culminating in eustress and empathy engagement. This article aims to provide how the BMP-based neuroergonomic evaluation is interpreted on social comprehension and enhancement of mirror neuron morality (MNM). This article contributes an integrative approach of MNM which has been further compared between the pre-and post-evaluation of the BMP-based neuroergonomics for improving the job readiness and leadership of those Thai people linked to a healthy workplace and well-explicit learning organization.
... The development of MoBI methods is directly in line with the field of Neuroergonomics research (or the "study of the brain at work", [20]) which aims to understand the brain during unrestricted real-world tasks and in everyday life contexts" [21]. As an interdisciplinary field, it combines knowledge and methodologies from neuroscience, psychology, human factors, and computer sciences into one collective stream of research whose results hold the potential to benefit a wide range of domains such as safety [22], workplace safety [23] and health [24,25]. ...
... By measuring the change in oxygenated blood in the brain, fMRI can localise neuronal activation during specific tasks or paradigms (Logothetis, 2008). A major advantage of fMRI is that it allows for great spatial precision while maintaining adequate temporal precision (Mehta & Parasuraman, 2013). ...
Decisions made during the analysis or reporting of an fMRI study influence the eligibility of that study to be entered into a meta-analysis. In a meta-analysis, results of different studies on the same topic are combined. To combine the results, it is necessary that all studies provide equivalent pieces of information. However, in task-based fMRI studies we see a large variety in reporting styles. Several specific meta-analysis methods have been developed to deal with the reporting practices occurring in task-based fMRI studies, therefore each requiring a specific type of input. In this manuscript we provide an overview of the meta-analysis methods and the specific input they require. Subsequently we discuss how decisions made during the study influence the eligibility of a study for a meta-analysis and finally we formulate some recommendations about how to report an fMRI study so that it complies with as many meta-analysis methods as possible.
