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A comparison of cost of cultivation of Nano P with SSP and DAP for pearl millet
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... general, it has been found that the cost of cultivation due to application of nanonutrients is 2-6 times less as compared to application of chemical fertiliser for equivalent yield of the crops. A comparison of extra benefit accruing with the application of nano-P vis-a-vis chemical fertiliser is presented in Table 6. The results clearly indicate that the application of Nano P is accompanied by decline in cost of cultivation and increase in nutrient use efficiencies and crop yields. ...
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... The uptake of vital nutrients by plants may be improved by nano-sized nutrient particles, resulting in improved plant growth and productivity. Nano-sized mineral micronutrient formulations may increase the solubility and dispersion of insoluble minerals in soil, decrease soil absorption and fixation, and boost bioavailability (Tarafdar et al., 2015, Rasheed et al., 2022. Nanomaterials can trigger plant and microbial activities, resulting in greater nutrient utilisation efficiency due to their high surface area, high reactivity, and improved penetration into the cell. ...
... Nanoparticles may cause the release of enzymes and polysaccharides and function as powerful catalysts in microbial and plant metabolism. These are frequently referred to as "generic technologies," which provide better-designed, safer, more thoroughly tested, affordable, and intelligent products with broad agricultural uses (Tarafdar et al., 2015). Moreover, incorporating nanotechnology using nanomaterials into modern agriculture can also help minimise environmental pollution, increase sustainability, avoid plant diseases, and ensure food security. ...
A major environmental issue that has posed substantial risks to both
human health and agricultural production is chemical toxicant
contamination. The two environmental toxins that pose the greatest threat
to humans and wildlife are heavy metals and pesticides. Long-term,excessive fertiliser and pesticide use that causes heavy metal deposition
in agricultural soils affects soil fertility, which in turn reduces plant
growth and output. After heavy metals contaminate the soil, it is very
difficult to restore the soil’s natural habitat because these chemicals move
up the food chain, affect both humans and animals, and, in a variety of
ways, cause various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, there is need
of alternatives of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for crop production
system which comes in forms of safe and eco-friendly organic and nanoagricultural
inputs. Therefore, there is a need for alternatives to chemical
fertilisers and pesticides for crop production systems that come in the
form of safe and eco-friendly organic and nano-agricultural inputs.
Organic and nano-agricultural inputs can play important roles in Good
Agricultural Practices (GAP)-based safe crop production by promoting
sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices. Moreover,
safe crop production through Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) is
essential for several reasons, as it contributes to sustainable agriculture,
food security, environmental protection, and human health.
Implementing GAP not only benefits individual farmers but also
contributes to the overall well-being of society and the planet.
... Nanofertilizers can be classified into three types i.e. nanomaterial made of micro-nutrient; nano-material made of macro-nutrient and nanomaterial used as carrier of macro-nutrient (Guo et al., 2018). Owing to their smaller size and consequent larger surface area compared to their bulk counterparts it facilitates better penetration in plant cells and higher reactivity which activate plant and microbial activity resulting into higher nutrient use efficiency (Tarafdar et al., 2015;Seleiman et al., 2021). In addition, the coating of nanofertilizers with nanomaterials leads to their slow and demand-based release leading to better uptake and reduce losses, enhances mobilization of nutrients by influencing metabolic processes and their higher solubility than other synthetic fertilizers leads to higher nutrient use efficiency (Seleiman et al., 2021). ...
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is the part of a larger concept of resource use efficiency in agriculture which is a cause of concern for the present as well as the future of sustainability in agriculture. The nutrients applied to soil if not utilized by the plants find their way into the water resources and atmosphere which can increase the ecological cost. There are various measures of nutrient use efficiency which are suitable in different situations as well as for the nutrients. Among all the factors determining NUE, fertilizer factors are the most important. The various measures included in fertilizer factor are balanced fertilization, addition of organic matter, plant growth promoting microorganisms , use of advanced form of fertilizers, use of modern equipment including Soil Plant Analysis Development and understanding of nutrient interaction and consequent antagonistic and synergistic effects on crop plants.
... Employment of high-tech agricultural system with use of nanotools have a significant impact on fertilizer and pesticides improvement, which enhance quality and yield potential [1]. Nano-particles (NPs) have potential in triggering enzymes and releasing catalysts in plant-soil-microbial metabolism and interaction [2]. ...
Over the past half-century, the combination of technology and innovation has been developed to manage the negative impact of synthetic fertilizer on land ecosystems to identify the limitations of sustainability and optimize agricultural systems. The application of nano-fertilizers has achieved considerable interest due to their significant role as environmentally sustainable resources and soil health. Moreover, the increasing global population increased food insecurity, especially under climate change. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising alternative to help improving crop growth and productivity. However, un-balanced presence and long-term use of nano-particles alter photosynthesis, and induce cellular redox imbalances resulting in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA oxidative damage in plants, so more studies are still needed on their safe application with minimum side effects. In this paper, we reviewed nano-fertilizer mechanisms in plant, as well as their effects on microbiome and interaction with soil colloids. This study reviews the recent studies and findings about role of Nanotechnology in plant nutrition use efficiency to summarize a better understanding of this important issue. A comprehensive picture of ecological issues such as soil and water contamination in response to nano-fertilizer application will also be assessed.
... Employment of high-tech agricultural system with use of nanotools have a significant impact on fertilizer and pesticides improvement, which enhance quality and yield potential [1]. Nano-particles (NPs) have potential in triggering enzymes and releasing catalysts in plant-soil-microbial metabolism and interaction [2]. ...
Over the past half-century, the combination of technology and innovation has been developed to manage the negative impact of synthetic fertilizer on land ecosystems to identify the limitations of sustainability and optimize agricultural systems. The application of nano-fertilizers has achieved considerable interest due to their significant role as environmentally sustainable resources and soil health. Moreover, the increasing global population increased food insecurity especially under climate change. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising alternative to help improving crop growth and productivity. However, unbalanced presence and long-term use of nano-particles alter photosynthesis, induce cellular redox imbalances resulting in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA oxidative damage in plants, so more studies are still needed on their safe application with minimum side effects. In this paper, we reviewed nano-fertilizer mechanisms in plant, as well as their effects on microbiome and interaction with soil colloids. This study reviews the recent studies and findings about role of Nanotechnology in plant nutrition use efficiency to summarize a better understanding of this important issue. A comprehensive picture of ecological issues such as soil and water contamination in response to nano-fertilizer application will also be assessed.
... Suffice to say that nano materials are small particulate one dimensional crystal or powder of about 1 nanometer = 10 -9 m or 1 billion of a meter [13]. Applying such small particulate material as nutrient delivery agent for agricultural advancement in nanofertilizer form combines the properties of chitosan to provide the unavailable nutrients to plants [14]. It will also prevent the loss of NPK (Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) when used cross-linked with chitosan based nano-particle (nanofertilizer) [15,16]. ...
There had been a growing global need for biomolecular agents due to its diversity in biotechnological application especially chitosan and its derivatives. Current advances in nano-particulate technologies have also abetted the use of biomolecular-based nano-type delivery and functions of chitosan resulting nano-based chitosan/nanochitosan particle. Although there exist notable advances in the exploration and innovative nanochitosan application, future expansion remains bleary. The current study access the knowledge evolution in nanochitosan research and innovative biotechnological applications via science mapping of previous studies from authors, institutions, countries, collaboration networks, and productivity. Retrieved documents were 5,923 with 13,327 authors, from Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and timespan of 1990 – 2019 using the search title; (Chitosan and nanoparticle*). Our result reveals an increase in the publication of related documents in fifth yearly order. This notable/significant increase observed in subsequent years was revealed by the Lotka’s model with an annual growth rate of 33.32%; Lotka's model beta=1.927; C=0.286; R2=0.89; p.value=0.05. Corresponding Author's Countries were China 1756 (29.65), India 683 (11.53), Japan 47 (0.79); while country citation are; China (51720), India (17595), Korea (10688), Australia (1679). The last decade reports reveal more publications on nanochitosan studies ranging from 238 publications to greater than 746 publications. Although such increase has revealed global known capabilities, research based and/or application of the nanobased-chitosan, there is need for pertinent exploitation of nanochitosan potentials, documentation, application, progresses and future of related studies. A suggestive continuous application of such progresses on chitosan knowledge-research based documentation/exploration has a part with global future research and biotechnological application.
... Nanofertilizers and nanobioformulations show the light to solve these problems. Nanofertilizers, which are made with nano-size nutrient particles, can be delivered to the targeted sites to allow the release of active ingredients keeping the plant nutrient demand, reduce wastage of fertilization and be used to improve the fertility of the soil for a better yield, nutrient use efficiency and increased crop quality (Tarafdar et al. 2015). It may also protect the plants from different biotic and abiotic stresses (Burman et al. 2013). ...
... It is possible to make controlled-release environmental friendly smart fertilizers. There is no doubt that nanotechnology has delivered the feasibility of exploiting nanoscale or nanostructure materials as fertilizer carriers or controlled-release vectors for the building of so-called smart fertilizer as new alternatives to enhance nutrient use efficiency and reduce the costs of environmental protection (Cui et al. 2010;Tarafdar et al. 2015). It has been found that nanoparticles have the enormous ability to deliver nutrients to particular sites in the living systems. ...
Nanofertilizers application in agriculture may serve as an opportunity to achieve sustainability towards global food production. Important benefits of nanofertilizers over conventional chemical fertilizers rely on nutrient delivery systems. For example, the nutrient can be released over 40–50 days in a slow-release fashion rather than 4–10 days by the conventional fertilizers. The nutrient use efficiency also improved by 3–20 times; therefore, nutrient requirements are less as well as reduces the need for transportation and application costs. Another advantage of using small quantities is that soil does not get loaded with salts that usually are prone to over application using conventional fertilizer. Nanofertilizers also can be used as nanobioformulations. The formulations containing one or more beneficial microorganisms after blending of required nanoparticles to enhance soil productivity. Nanobioformulations can be helpful to enhance the stability of biofertilizers with respect to desiccation, heat and UV inactivation. It can also solve some limitations of biofertilizers such as ease of handling, enhanced stability, protection against oxidation, retention of volatile ingredients, taste making and consecutive delivery of multiple active ingredients. In general, nanofertilizers mobilizes 30% more native nutrients than conventional fertilizer application. The average improvement of yield, irrespective of crops and soil types, varies between 24 and 32% as compared to 12–18% under chemical fertilizers. Nanofertilizers, with a particle size less than 100 nm, influence key life events of the plants that include seed germination, seedling vigour, root initiation, growth and photosynthesis to flowering. Additionally, nanofertilizers have been implicated in the protection of plants against oxidative stress as they mimic the role of anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX). But in spite of all these, nanofertilizers should be applied as recommended doses; because higher rate of application have been proved to cause phytotoxicity as they enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated level of ROS may damage the cellular membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. The uptake rate of nanoparticles by plants also depends on their shape and sizes. In general, small sizes of nanoparticles can be penetrating through the cuticle while larger nanoparticles can penetrate through cuticle-free areas such as hydathodes, stigma of flowers and stomata. Nanofertilizers can be applied both on soils and on leaves as foliar. This can also be applied through drip, hydroponic, aqua and aeroponic. The properties of nanofertilizers depend upon a variety of parameters such as particle size, dispersity index, surface area, porosity, solubility, aggregation and zeta potential. With recommended doses of application, it can be envisaged to become a major economic driving force and benefit consumers and farmers with no detrimental effect on the ecosystem.
... The enhanced surface area and reactivity including higher penetration into the cell facilitate the activation of plants and microbes that increase in input use efficiency (Ravishankar et al., 2020; Durgude et al., 2022). Nanoparticle has the potential to activate enzyme and release of polysaccharides which in turn performs as catalyst in metabolic processes of various flora and microbes (Tarafdar et al., 2015). The mode of actions of nanomaterials are considered as the basics thatare safe and cost effective with better longevity which have wide range of uses as farm inputs. ...
... Nano-bio interfaces are with full of complexity and their activities depend on the characteristics of the nanoparticles, the biological phase (protein, cell membranes, endocytic vesicles or organelles), the medium in which it is acting and most essentially it depends upon any changes within them due to mutual effect (Tarafdar et al., 2015). The characteristics that administer the surface behaviour are the chemical constituent and the resultant solubility, surface charge, semi-conductivity, size, shape, surface curvature, crystallinity, porosity, surface heterogeneity, roughness, surface functionalization with charged groups, peptides or polymers (Mani and Mondal, 2016). ...
Conventional farming methods and technologies prevalent in India are no longer able to increase productivity. Instead, they are continuously increasing the hazard caused to the environment. Thus, the hazard caused to the environment needs to be overcome for the betterment of the rare planet earth. The traditional methods of sowing, irrigation, fertilizer application and plant protection have been in question since long. Nanotechnology is a novel way of solving the problem in the current scenario of agriculture because of the low dose concept of nanomaterials. The nanomaterials differ in their physical structures from the conventional materials which attributes the unique properties of these nanoparticles. The wide applications of nano technology in the field of agriculture have been discussed in this review along with their future aspects. The nano fertilisers have the ability to break the yield barriers without harming the environment. Similarly, the nanomaterials use in plant protection disrupts the development of resistance in the pests. India can achieve record breaking yield at a sustainable rate if nanotechnology is applied in the fields of precision water management, soil and water reclamation, biotechnology, pest surveillance, pest control, new-generation pesticides and food processing.
... Journal of Nanomaterials yield [47]. Nanoparticles itself shows the improved absorption in plant through aerial parts over ordinary particles. Nanosized formulation of micronutrients may improve absorption through the foliar assemblage of plant which eliminated soil absorption and fixation problems [48]. The results of the present investigation confirmed the finding of Liu et al. [49] reporting increased FUE as well as rice crop yield by 40% with nanoparticles application. ...
Considering nutrient delivery and micronutrient use efficiency problems, mesoporous nanosilica (mNs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based iron and zinc nanocomposites were formulated. Prepared nanocomposites were characterized for FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and AAS to examine surface functional groups, morphology, and structural composition. XRD spectrum confirmation with SAED image of nanosilica and graphene oxide nanocomposites confirms the polycrystalline and crystalline nature with 30-70-nm crystal size. The SEM revealed that the modified surface of mesoporous nanosilica and reduced graphene oxide are well-distributed clusters and are composed of targeted micronutrients. The impact of nano Fe and Zn foliar application was evaluated on rice grain fortification, productivity, and micronutrient use efficiency. The iron and zinc uptake at 60 days after sowing (DAT) and at harvest was significantly increased with foliar application of mNs and rGO-based Zn at 30 ppm + Fe at 5 ppm nanocomposites as well as led to nutrient fortification by increasing grain uptake and content, with the application of 30 ppm zinc and 5 ppm iron through mNs resulted in an improvement of the rice grain yield by 53% over conventional fertilization. Besides significant increment in grain yield, foliar application of mNs and rGO-based nanocomposites (Zn at 30 ppm + Fe at 5 ppm) increased the Zn and Fe use efficiency by 527 and 380%, respectively, over conventional micronutrient fertilization (ZnSO 4 and FeSO 4).
... Regardless of its potential applications, care must be taken in selecting nanoparticles for agricultural use since Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. nanomaterials might have toxic effects not found in their bulk counterpart due to their increased surface contact area (Tarafdar et al. 2015). ...
... Nanoparticles have increased activity compared to their bulk counterparts owing to their small size and large surface to volume ratio (Marrache and Dhar 2012). This increased activity could also mean that toxic effects not found in the parent compound might be present in the nanoform (Tarafdar et al. 2015). The agricultural application of ChNP leads to soil accumulation of nanoparticles. ...
The agriculture sector is the building block of an economy with more than 60% of the world population depending on it for livelihood. Among the many crops, rice is the most important income source. It is the staple food for more than half of the world population. In spite of its huge demand, rice production has been dwindling due to various constraints. Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) are an excellent choice for agricultural applications owing to its non-toxic, biodegradable nature. Chitosan is an interesting polymer and is then partially or fully deacetylated chitin. In the present study, the effectiveness of ChNP as a growth promoter in improving the yield and biological activity of rice has been analyzed. 1 mg/ml of ChNP was applied as a seed, soil, foliar and combination treatments and the growth and yield parameters were measured to understand the best mode of application. The combination treatment of seed, soil and the foliar application was found to be most efficient. The cellular uptake of ChNP was also studied to deduce the mechanism of action. The soil toxicity of ChNP was studied prior to application and was found to be non-toxic.
... [3] . [11] compared P use efficiency of SSP, Soluble P (KH2PO4) and nano phosphorus and reported highest value of 57.8% of P use efficiency in case of nano P. Phosphorus use efficiency recorded highest in treatment T5 (GM* + 50% RD of NP through fertilizer + Foliar spray of 0.5% of 1000 ppm nano P suspension at tillering and flowering stage of wheat) i.e. 35.82% which is statistically superior over all other treatments. The maximum NPK content and uptake as well as protein content and uptake were observed with the application of 2.5-time reduction of RDF through nano phosphatic fertilizer [3] . ...
The experiment was conducted during rabi 2019 to know the effect of integrated nutrient management using nano phosphatic fertilizer on yield, uptake by wheat, soil fertility status and nutrient use efficiency
after harvest of wheat. The field trial study showed that, the highest grain yield (3546 kg ha-1) was obtained by application of Green manuring of sun hemp + 50% RD of NP through inorganic fertilizers +
spraying of 0.5% of 1000 ppm nano P suspension at tillering and flowering stage of Wheat, which is an increase by 6% over Green manuring of sun hemp + 100% RDF. Phosphorus use efficiency is recorded in between 13.43 to 35.83 % under the application of RDF alone or in combination of nano P suspension.
