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Fruit skin colour in cherries (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most important market characteristics with customer preferences varying across cultures and countries. Based on skin colour, cherries can be divided into three market classes: yellow, blush, and mahogany. The PavMYB10.1 gene has been recently shown to be a key player in fruit colouration...
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... Furthermore, the single-nucleotide deletion (delA) was identified in the candidate gene MYB10.1 responsible for blush colour [20] at the position chr3_23995550, which is ~55 kbp from chr3_23939472. Hence, chr3_23939472 is between the two mentioned markers (Pav-Rf-SSR and delA), which are currently used to predict fruit colour in sweet cherry [34]. Additional markers on chromosome 3 identified in the current analysis (chr3_19315249, chr3_24544649, chr3_25100670) also colocalized with several overlapping QTLs [17,19] in this particularly important region (Table S3). ...
In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), quantitative trait loci have been identified for fruit maturity, colour, firmness, and size to develop markers for marker-assisted selection. However, resolution is usually too low in those analyses to directly target candidate genes, and some associations are missed. In contrast, genome-wide association studies are performed on broad collections of accessions, and assemblies of reference sequences from Tieton and Satonishiki cultivars enable identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms after whole-genome sequencing, providing high marker density. Two hundred and thirty-five sweet cherry accessions were sequenced and phenotyped for harvest time and fruit colour, firmness, and size. Genome-wide association studies were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with each trait, which were verified in breeding material consisting of 64 additional accessions. A total of 1,767,106 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. At that density, significant single nucleotide polymorphisms could be linked to co-inherited haplotype blocks (median size ~10 kb). Thus, markers were tightly associated with respective phenotypes, and individual allelic combinations of particular single nucleotide polymorphisms provided links to distinct phenotypes. In addition, yellow-fruit accessions were sequenced, and a ~90-kb-deletion on chromosome 3 that included five MYB10 transcription factors was associated with the phenotype. Overall, the study confirmed numerous quantitative trait loci from bi-parental populations using high-diversity accession populations, identified novel associations, and genome-wide association studies reduced the size of trait-associated loci from megabases to kilobases and to a few candidate genes per locus. Thus, a framework is provided to develop molecular markers and evaluate and characterize genes underlying important agronomic traits.
... Furthermore, the single-nucleotide deletion (delA) was identified in the candidate gene MYB10.1 responsible for blush colour [20] at the position chr3_23995550, which is ~55 kbp from chr3_23939472. Hence, chr3_23939472 is between the two mentioned markers (Pav-Rf-SSR and delA), which are currently used to predict fruit colour in sweet cherry [34]. Additional markers on chromosome 3 identified in the current analysis (chr3_19315249, chr3_24544649, chr3_25100670) also colocalized with several overlapping QTLs [17,19] in this particularly important region (Table S3). ...
In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), quantitative trait loci have been identified for fruit maturity, colour, firmness, and size to develop markers for marker-assisted selection. However, resolution is usually too low in those analyses to directly target candidate genes, and some associations are missed. In contrast, genome-wide association studies are performed on broad collections of accessions, and assemblies of reference sequences from Tieton and Satonishiki cultivars enable identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms after whole-genome sequencing, providing high marker density.
Two hundred and thirty-five sweet cherry accessions were sequenced and phenotyped for harvest time and fruit colour, firmness, and size. Genome-wide association studies were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with each trait, which were verified in breeding material consisting of 64 additional accessions. A total of 1,767,106 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. At that density, significant single nucleotide polymorphisms could be linked to co-inherited haplotype blocks (median size ~10 kb). Thus, markers were tightly associated with respective phenotypes, and individual allelic combinations of particular single nucleotide polymorphisms provided links to distinct phenotypes. In addition, yellow-fruit accessions were sequenced, and a ~90-kb-deletion on chromosome 3 that included five MYB10 transcription factors was associated with the phenotype.
Overall, the study confirmed numerous quantitative trait loci from bi-parental populations using high-diversity accession populations, identified novel associations, and genome-wide association studies reduced the size of trait-associated loci from megabases to kilobases and to a few candidate genes per locus. Thus, a framework is provided to develop molecular markers and evaluate and characterize genes underlying important agronomic traits.
... cerasus L) have been indicated. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay on fruit and callus extracts have also been performed to evaluate the extracts' antioxidant activity [25][26][27]. ...
... The spectra of the separated anthocyanins in sour cherry samples were very similar to those of cyanidin 3-glucoside, the standard used for their quantification (Figure 4). Cyanidin 3-glucosylrutinoside, cyanidin 3-sophoroside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, and cyanidin 3-glucoside were identified as major components in the analyzed samples in agreement with the findings previously reported in the literature [25]. In fact, the absorbance (A) of the anthocyanins-Al 3+ /Ga 3+ /Cr 3+ /Fe 3+ /Mg 2+ , ion linkage of Cy, Dp, and Pt pigments in the H2O hyper box of a modeled template has been computed with the beer-lambert principle depending on concentration (c/ mol/L) of H + . ...
In this work, it has been explained that the significant parameter for increasing the absorbed amount in a direct non-linear track to moving from the Beer-Lambert principle is the self-conjoint of anthocyanins of cy, dp, and pt compounds.The shifting of enthalpy between acn-Al3+/Ga3+/Cr3+/Fe3+/Mg2+ liaison compounds has been studied the double conjunctions and carbonyl groups due to the linkage of B ring for cy, dp, and pt of anthocyanins in vacuum and water ambiance debating the strongness and color of acn-Al3+/Ga3+/Cr3+/Fe3+/Mg2+ linkage of cy, dp, and pt structures in a weakly acidic medium in the Iranian sour cherry. The ACNs including Cy, Dp, and Pt within the largest linkage in the strong part of these compounds by metal cations of Al³⁺/Ga³⁺/Cr³⁺/Fe³⁺/Mg²⁺ cause a different limit of colors under acidic pH. Besides, the charge density and electron charges have been received by matching the electrostatic capacity to a constant charge of O⁺17, O⁺16, and O⁺7 particles for cy-Mⁿ⁺(n:31), dp-Mⁿ⁺ (n:32) and pt-Mⁿ⁺(n:35), using the electrophilic parts of cy, dp and pt anthocyanin unities thet indicate the mouvement and the resistance of these structures in the reel samples like persian sour cherry.
Due to different accumulation and distribution patterns of anthocyanin, the fruits of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) display considerable color variation, ranging from yellow, blush to dark red. Yellow-skinned sweet cherries are characterized by the absence of anthocyanin in the fruits, providing a good candidate for research on yellow coloration in sweet cherry fruits. In this study, we identified the underlying genetic mechanism by integrating BSA-seq, RNA-seq, whole-genome sequencing and marker-trait association analyses. A ∼90 kb deletion on chromosome 3 containing PavMYB10.1 TF was found to be an nonfunctional allele, PavMYB10.1Del, responsible for yellow fruit skin. Other two functional alleles of PavMYB10.1, PavMYB10.1a and PavMYB10.1b, result in red or blush skin color. Furthermore, evaluation of variant-trait association in F1 populations and a set of advanced breeding selections revealed strong co-segregation of the fruit skin color phenotypes and the EFC marker which combined by primers specific to PavMYB10.1a/b and PavMYB10.1Del separately. These results provide novel insights into yellow fruit skin coloration in sweet cherry and represent a useful tool for the pre-selection of fruit color in molecular-assisted breeding programs.
