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A bipartite graph is biplanar if the vertices can be placed on two parallel lines (layers) in the plane such that there
are no edge crossings when edges are drawn as line segments between the layers. In this paper we study the 2-Layer Planarization
problem: Can k edges be deleted from a given graph G so that the remaining graph is biplanar? This pr...
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Citations
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... Identifying strategies to contain environmental impacts, the consumption of resources within a growing and gradually aging international demographic framework represents a shared priority within the scientific debate. Furthermore, the trend of metropolisation [19] of the last decades is bound to go on. It is estimated that the population in 2050 will be approximately 70% urban, which requires urgent sustainable planning strategies. ...
The macroeconomic indicator of energy efficiency represents the
energy performance in spatial terms (nation, region and macro-region) or the
amount of energy used to produce a given unit of Gross Domestic Product.
However, the electric transition draws attention to the need to pursue combined
sustainable objectives, both economic and environmental-well-being.
Through the intermediate spatial dimension-metropolitan city/province, cur-
rently the most coherent to represent and support a just energy transition, in this
paper it is intended to develop a methodological approach for the com-parative
evaluation between electricity energy consumption and the recent equitable and
sustainable well-being indicators (BES). In this framework, the objective of the
work is the spatial representation of the electricity transition phenomenon in Italy.
In particular, the spatial autocorrelation with an intermediate territorial basis in
the pre and post-covid period (2017–2021) be-tween electricity consumption and
a selected series of BES indicators to recognize spatial equity is investigated.
In order to present the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed method-
ology was applied to the case study covering the Italian territory.
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... The contemporary tourist shows increasing fascination with living 'non-ordinary' experiences, but which allow one to slowly traverse different landscapes [16]. This slow philosophy of travel combined with the visit of protected areas induces a non-invasive fruition of the territory, choosing low environmental impact modes of travel on specially created or 'recovered' routes that represent the essence of the place [17][18][19]. Sustainability is also prefigured in the different interaction with the indigenous community that is experienced by guests with greater awareness and a stronger thirst for knowledge of identities [20,21]. ...
The manuscript comes from the interdisciplinary research carried out
in the field of tourism in Sardinia, with particular attention to elements such as
the environmental pressure of the sector, the drive towards slow tourism and sustainable
mobility which, even in areas with even in highly urbanized areas, it can
represent a different and seasonally adjusted way of appreciating, safeguarding
and experiencing a territory.
The opportunity is to unite different observation points, from the land and sea
sides of Sardinia, in the northeastern part already widely characterized by over
tourism and take advantage of geographical information tools such as GIS and
WebGIS, for sharing information and the enhancement of slow tourism.
Case studies are presented in the manuscript in the Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo
protected marine area and in the La Maddalena Archipelago National Park,
where the perspective of active under tourism is privileged as an alternative to
over tourism, for the sustainable use of landscapes unique. Furthermore, the case
studies constitute experiences to discover landscapes through the integration of
mobile spatial geographic tools (smartphones). Finally, through ad hoc applications
(weather and atmospheric conditions, as well as apps for enjoying outdoor
activities), a sharing map was created, also with external users, through the
MyMaps platform, to support sustainable tourism.
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... The underpinning idea is that local people can design their own maps that might be more accurate than the ones produced by professionals [17]. Community-based mapping has been used to produce indigenous maps for claims on ancestral lands [18] and to ensure access to and the ownership of information [19]. In the 2000s, innovative participatory techniques emerged as increasingly popular to assist communities in assessing the causes and effects of climate change, integrating scientific and local knowledge of the issue, and developing adaptation strategies [20]. ...
Coastal zones are vulnerable climatic ecosystems. This is due to anthropogenic factors such as population growing and increase in settlement density, as well as geographical and natural pressures, including coastal danger, sea level rise, and biodiversity loss. Managing these problems and their interdependencies requires a bottom-up approach which can involve coastal communities in the climate change adaptation processes and encourage citizen participation towards a more sustainable resource management. This paper seeks to propose a set of guidelines on climate change adaptation through participatory planning for the assessment of the vulnerability of highly problematic areas such as coastal ones. To achieve this goal, a holistic approach based on systematic and transversal assessment of participatory best practices was applied and a theoretical framework was developed specifically for coastal areas. The proposed guidelines will facilitate (ii) a broader understanding of climate change concerns by the public and coastal tourism, (ii) the incorporation of stakeholders’ requirements into local climate change policies, and (iii) local empowerment of coastal communities in accordance with sustainability principles.KeywordsSustainable DevelopmentParticipatory PlanningClimate ChangeCoastal ZonesBottom-Up Urban PlanningUrban Strategies
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... The developed methodology for the aggregation of the basic indicators is easily practicable in the ordinary municipal planning activity, which in Italy is already particularly long and articulated. However, it should be noted that it is possible to further refine the methods for combining the input indicators [18,19], in order to build a more accurate map. This advance represents a possible future development of the work, in order to improve the reliability of the results obtained. ...
This work is included in a broader research project, aimed at promoting the development of Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) through urban planning in priority areas for intervention. According to a methodology already proposed by the author, priority areas, mapped on an infra-urban scale, are intended to be located where a minimization of the constraints and a maximization of the benefits deriving from the RECs establishment are expected, with particular reference to the reduction of energy poverty. The aim of this work is to detail the already proposed methodology, in order to better assess energy poverty. To this end, a model for the construction of a composite index of urban poverty is proposed, starting from basic indicators, selected following a review of the technical-scientific literature on urban poverty and deprivation or distress. The spatialisation of the obtained index makes it possible to obtain a more detailed map of energy poverty with respect to the previously proposed methodology. The model is applied to the case study of Pagani, in Campania Region (Italy), which is the study area investigated in the article that precedes this work, which allows to compare the results already obtained and appreciate the progress made by the model presented in this paper.KeywordsUrban and Energy PovertyRenewable Energy CommunitiesUrban Planning
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" Graph Drawing and Network Visualization li network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... Moving towards a more sustainable framework focused of a and user-centred perspective, cities can achieve high infrastructural performance levels related to liveability, safety and inclusion [15][16][17]. Several studies on walkability provided appropriate criteria and tools for investigating, analysing and assessing the walkability of pedestrian network [18][19][20][21][22]. Nowadays, cities have become extremely complex entities and public administrations need effective tools to collect and evaluate several attributes related to the existing infrastructure in an effective way. ...
Improve walkability, and therefore the capacity to provide safe and accessible walking opportunities, has emerged as a crucial topic especially for post-pandemic cities, seeking to create inclusive and liveable urban spaces. In this direction, a user-centred planning approach prioritises the creation of pleasant and accessible walking environments, which are essential for achieving a sustainable urban development. The physical features of the urban areas must be carefully designed and implemented to enhance the living standards, safety, and inclusiveness, also for vulnerable users. Based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, this paper provides an analytical-assessment approach for evaluating walkability in urban settings, in order to identify the significant properties of urban infrastructures. The methodology is characterised by an integrated approach based on a survey process, including remote observations. The evaluation of pedestrian paths’ performances considers the most influencing attributes (e.g., sidewalk width; visibility; crosswalk provision) which have been identified and evaluated for the case study of Largo Felice in Cagliari, Italy. To obtain an overall assessment in terms of safety, approachability, and enjoyment, each of these indicators has been analysed by aggregating and cross-referencing the detected attributes. The results highlight critical issues associated with the study area, that hinder the approachability and safety of pedestrian pathways, e.g., architectural barriers, discontinuities, poor visibility. Finally, the paper provides some recommendations for improving walkability in urban areas. Future research developments will include the assessment of further walkability attributes to perform a comprehensive analysis of an extended study area and in-field survey to validate the results.KeywordsUrban planningWalkabilityActive MobilityPedestrian PathsSustainable MobilityGISCagliari (Italy)
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... Configuration refers to spatial relations among elements interdependent in a global structure. In particular, the configurational properties of closeness and betweenness centrality determine the importance of space as a destination or as a movement space and, thus, its accessibility and intensity of use [12,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. Porosity is formalised in terms of the density of street segments, and it describes the availability of alternative routes. ...
The development of a morphological analysis of the built environment emerges as a central issue for comprehending the structural properties of the urban layout and its generative processes and for establishing a knowledge framework for guiding planning decisions. The proposed study presents an analysis that combines space syntax and geo-spatial analysis tools to describe urban form quantitatively. The suggested analysis is structured as follows: i) definition of the case study and identification of available datasets; ii) definition of metrics for the description of the built environment; iii) discerning of distinct areas of the urbanised region, homogeneous in terms of configurational and functional properties. The proposed analysis is utilised to analyse the metropolitan area of Cagliari, in Sardinia, Italy. The case study underlines the relevance of developing a morphological understanding of urban form for addressing two issues: i) the definition of metrics for the description of the built environment, and ii) the discerning of distinct areas of the urbanised region. The proposed analysis contributes to applying the Geodesign paradigm to the urban realm by supporting the understanding of the spatial culture of a place.Keywordsconfigurationmorphologyspace syntaxurbanitygeo-design
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... Four indicators were selected (Table 1): two for the electric transition and two BES indicators characterizing the metropolitan urban dimension [19,20]. ...
The macroeconomic indicator of energy efficiency represents the energy performance in spatial terms (nation, region and macro-region) or the amount of energy used to produce a given unit of Gross Domestic Product. However, the electric transition draws attention to the need to pursue combined sustainable objectives, both economic and environmental-well-being.Through the intermediate spatial dimension-metropolitan city/province, currently the most coherent to represent and support a just energy transition, in this paper it is intended to develop a methodological approach for the com-parative evaluation between electricity energy consumption and the recent equitable and sustainable well-being indicators (BES). In this framework, the objective of the work is the spatial representation of the electricity transition phenomenon in Italy. In particular, the spatial autocorrelation with an intermediate territorial basis in the pre and post-covid period (2017–2021) be-tween electricity consumption and a selected series of BES indicators to recognize spatial equity is investigated.In order to present the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed methodology was applied to the case study covering the Italian territory.KeywordsElectrical TransitionMetropolitan City PlanningWell-being and equity
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... Angi, B. [19] proposes adaptive, interdisciplinary, and integrated modifications, i.e., architectural, structural and performance design strategies. Some of these are also defined as retrofit actions, which refer to addition of components or accessories to an existing building to meet new performance standards, first those relating to environmental performance. ...
... Significant regeneration schemes of this type of architecture, based on adaptive solutions, have been implemented in European countries and beyond [19]. ...
Conservation and regeneration approaches on existing buildings are the result of a system of attributes and values recognized by the human culture, which results in a framework of rules and practices that differ in different contexts. In the contemporary condition marked by the paradigm of sustainability, conservation planning is required to face the challenges of climate change, through the promotion of circular development and social inclusion, as well as the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity. The circular economy, which is based on the principles of recovery, recycling, reuse and sharing, in line with the sustainable development goals of the 2030 Agenda, offers the opportunity to rethink development models, in urban areas and beyond. Within this framework, the study proposes a systematization of the literature review which classifies taxonomies of values and methods to assess sustainability and circularity in urban planning and design at different urban scales. The proposed conceptual scheme is the first step for the definition of a new system of values of the existing building stock, which prove to be fundamental to guide urban transformations in the Green New Deal.KeywordsConservation PlanningUrban RegenerationCircular City
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... Identifying strategies to contain environmental impacts, the consumption of resources within a growing and gradually aging international demographic framework represents a shared priority within the scientific debate. Furthermore, the trend of metropolisation [19] of the last decades is bound to go on. It is estimated that the population in 2050 will be approximately 70% urban, which requires urgent sustainable planning strategies. ...
In Italy, the adoption of the Minimum Environmental Criteria (MEC) is associated with Legislative Decree 50/2016, which regulates public tenders. The main objective of the MECs is to promote the purchase of sustainable goods and services thus contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact and the protection of natural resources. Furthermore, the adoption of MEC by public authorities represents a strategic choice to promote the circular economy, reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions, thus preserving the quality of environmental matrices. MECs, although they are innovative tools, are however lacking in geographic information related to context analysis. In this synthetic framework, the objective of this work is to evaluate a set of contextual environmental indicators to support the MECs. In fact, the knowledge and representation of the context constitutes a fundamental action for recognizing local problems, which are also useful for understanding global issues. Furthermore, how can MECs contribute to adaptation to climate change within the relative territorial context? This question guided the manuscript and the metropolitan city of Cagliari represents the case study.KeywordsMinimum Environmental CriteriaClimate IssueMetropolitan City
... -Graph drawing algorithms: Three main algorithmic approaches will be reviewed, namely the force-directed, the layered), and the planarization-based approach; see, e.g., [5]. We shall also make some remarks about FPT algorithms for graph drawing (see, e.g., [8,19,20,25,27,40,53]) and about how the optimization challenges vary when it is assumed that the input has or does not have a fixed combinatorial embedding (see, e.g., [12,13,16,17,23]). -Experimental analysis and user-studies: The Talk will mostly compare two models to define and experimentally validate those optimization goals that define a "readable" network visualization, i.e. a visualization that in a given application context can easily convey the structure of a relational data set so to guarantee efficiency both in its visual exploration and in the elaboration of new knowledge. ...
... The contemporary tourist shows increasing fascination with living 'non-ordinary' experiences, but which allow one to slowly traverse different landscapes [16]. This slow philosophy of travel combined with the visit of protected areas induces a non-invasive fruition of the territory, choosing low environmental impact modes of travel on specially created or 'recovered' routes that represent the essence of the place [17][18][19]. Sustainability is also prefigured in the different interaction with the indigenous community that is experienced by guests with greater awareness and a stronger thirst for knowledge of identities [20,21]. ...
The manuscript comes from the interdisciplinary research carried out in the field of tourism in Sardinia, with particular attention to elements such as the environmental pressure of the sector, the drive towards slow tourism and sustainable mobility which, even in areas with even in highly urbanized areas, it can represent a different and seasonally adjusted way of appreciating, safeguarding and experiencing a territory.The opportunity is to unite different observation points, from the land and sea sides of Sardinia, in the northeastern part already widely characterized by over tourism and take advantage of geographical information tools such as GIS and WebGIS, for sharing information and the enhancement of slow tourism.Case studies are presented in the manuscript in the Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo protected marine area and in the La Maddalena Archipelago National Park, where the perspective of active under tourism is privileged as an alternative to over tourism, for the sustainable use of landscapes unique. Furthermore, the case studies constitute experiences to discover landscapes through the integration of mobile spatial geographic tools (smartphones). Finally, through ad hoc applications (weather and atmospheric conditions, as well as apps for enjoying outdoor activities), a sharing map was created, also with external users, through the MyMaps platform, to support sustainable tourism.KeywordsProtected natural areasSmart and slow tourismSmart Community
