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(A) and (B) show the secondary hydatid cyst in mice liver tissue of different sizes with (GL) germinal layer and (LL) laminated layer (10X), Stained with H&E. Scale bar = 10 μm immunohiStochEmiStry and immunohiStochEmical Scoring
Source publication
Abstract | Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease that can affect humans and livestock, is caused by the larval
stage of the Echinococcus granulosus. CE is more prevalent and is presently identified as a significant parasite that should
be prevented and controlled globally. This work investigated the immune response and apoptosis expression...
Citations
... In the majority of mouse sample where anti-caspase-3 was looked at, varying degrees of tissue necrosis was expressed. 49 A recent study demonstrated that salicylate-coated zinc nanoparticles (SA-ZnO-NPs) exhibit an elevated mortality percentage on protoscolices of hydatid cysts. 50 Furthermore, zinc regulates the proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and functioning of T cells, B cells, and eosinophils by modifying various signalling pathways. ...
Background
As a consequence of their eco-friendliness, simplicity and non-toxicity, the fabrication of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using greener chemistry has been a highly attractive research area over the last decade.
Aim
In this study focused on the fabrication of silver-Zinc oxide nanocomposite (Ag-ZnO NCs) using Ruta chalepensis leaf extract and evaluating its potential biological activities, against Echinococcus granulosus in an in vitro and in vivo model using BALB/c mice.
Methods
In this study, the synthesis of Ag-ZnO NCs was accomplished using local R. chalepensis leaf extracts. The synthesized nanocomposites were identified using UV-Vis, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. For a short-term assessment of acute toxicity, BALB/c mice were given the prepared NCs orally. Dual sets of mice were also intraperitoneally injected with protoscoleces for secondary echinococcosis infection. Furthermore, a blood compatibility test was carried out on the nanocomposites.
Results
The synthesized Ag-ZnO NCs presented a surface plasmon peak at 329 and 422 nm. The XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed the purity of the Ag-ZnO NCs. The FTIR spectra indicated the formation of Ag-ZnO NCs. Compared to the untreated infected mice, the treated-infected animals displayed an alteration in the appearance of the hepatic hydatid cysts from hyaline to whitish cloudy with a rough surface appearance. Lysis of RBCs at various doses of Ag-ZnONCs was significantly less than the positive contro,.
Conclusion
These findings revealed that the Ag-ZnO NCs didn’t cause any adverse symptoms and no mortality was observed in all administered groups of mice. The obtained outcomes confirmed that concentrations of up to 40 μg/mL of the bio-fabricated Ag-ZnONCs induced no notable harm to the red blood cells.
... The nanoparticles exert their effects in various ways by disrupting DNA , preventing protein synthesis, and creating free radicals (Bajwa et al. 2022). The ability of hydatid fluid antigens to cause apoptosis in surrounding tissue was demonstrated by a recent study that revealed a high percentage of caspase-3 in mouse liver samples (Hamad et al. 2022b). It is a parasite strategy for surviving and managing the immune response, according to Hussein et al. (2020). ...
Background
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasite disease that affects people globally and causes cysts to develop in internal organs.
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effects of E. granulosus infection on the level of some immunological cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 and the level of IgM and IgG antibodies as well as to investigate the effects of hydatid cysts disease on complement proteins.
Materials and Methods
This case–control study was carried out on 46 individuals whose ages ranged between 20 and 70. The study extended from September 2021 to May 2022. Forty-six blood samples were collected from patients infected with hydatidosis and 10 blood samples from non-infected as a control group. The blood samples were used to obtain the desired sera for immunological detection: immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG); interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and complement proteins (by using radial immnodiffusion plate).
Results
The level of anti-echinococcosis IgM (304.7 ± 73.4 mg/dL) was higher in infected than uninfected persons (161.8 ± 14.2 mg/dL). Anti-echinococcosis IgG level in an infected individual (1587.3 ± 449.4 mg/dL) was higher when compared with control (1136 ± 25.4 mg/dL). The highest number of cases (19, 41.30%) was observed in age 41–50 years, followed by the age 31–40 years (11, 17.18%). The results showed a high increase in the incidence of infection with hydatid cyst among men (58.69%) in comparison to women (41.30%). The patients most at risk are those living in intimate association with animals’ environments. Three cytokines including (IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2) were significantly elevated (474.8 ± 116, 6.86 ± 0.6, and 7.01 ± 2.89 pg/mL) in patients with hydatidosis disease in comparison with the normal controls (118.4 ± 14.3, 6.11 ± 0.3, and 4.54 ± 0.4 pg/mL). Examining the complement protein production, we found that C3 and C4 were significantly higher (159.5 ± 51.6 and 36.15 ± 6.13 mg/dL) in patients with hydatidosis than those of controls (117.7 ± 8.1 and 26.4 ± 3.1).
Conclusions
Our findings provide information on the effects of E. granulosis parasite on the profile of serum antibodies, multiplex cytokines, and complement proteins in cystic echinococcosis patients.
