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Papilloma virus infections of the oral cavity have been long recognized with various clinical expressions characterized as verruca vulgaris, Heck's disease, multiple papilloma and condyloma acuminata. In this paper, we are highlighting a case of verruca vulgaris involving the oral cavity with extensive skin lesions in a nonimmunocompromised 9-year-...
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Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions
including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous
leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a
viral aetiology....
Citations
... Ураження в ротовій порожнині виникають завдяки аутоінфікуванню з пальців. Частіше звичайні бородавки розташовані на слизовій оболонці губ, язиці та яснах, неболючі, мають гостру форму й повільно ростуть [26]. Таким чином, діагностика звичайних бородавок у порожнині рота не ускладнена. ...
Viral diseases with oral manifestations are common in the practice of pedodontist, however, sometimes their diagnosis is complicated due to the similar clinical manifestations. A huge number of viruses are present in oral cavity, especially from Herpesviridae family, however, the most of them are asymptomatic. Cold, systemic diseases and stress provoke the activation of viruses with different clinical manifestations. Therefore, a dentist can be the first who diagnoses not only herpetic gingivostomatitis, but also other viral diseases. The aim of the article was to analyse the oral manifestations of viral diseases in children in order to optimize their diagnostics. This article analyses clinical cases and reviews of diseases in English in Google database from 2011 to May 2020 (and earlier publications) by Keywords: «herpetic gingivostomatitis», «recurrent aphthous stomatitis», «oral manifestations of infectious mononucleosis», «herpetic angina», «oral manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection», «recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis», «oral manifestations of varicella virus», «oral manifestations of herpes zoster», «roseola infantum», «herpangina», «hand, foot and mouth disease», «oral manifestations of measles», «rubella», «oral manifestations of papillomavirus», and «oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus». Viruses which have oral manifestations were characterized by transmission. Mostly airborne viruses are represented by Herpesviridae family. The differential diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis includes recurrent aphthous stomatitis which forms ulcers on non-keratinised oral mucosa without a vesicle phase. Recurrent herpetic infection doesn’t have difficulties in diagnostics, but could be complicated by erythema multiform with clear target lesions. Vesicles, erosions in oral cavity associated with vesicles on hear part of head help to distinguish chickenpox from herpetic infection. Compared to Herpes simplex virus infection, Herpes zoster has a longer duration, a more severe prodromal phase, unilateral vesicles and ulceration, with abrupt ending at the midline and postherpetic neuralgia. Roseola is characterized by small papules on skin and palate which appears when severe fever in prodromal period subsides and disappears after 1-2 days. Oral vesicles associated with foot and hand rush differentiate enterovirus stomatitis from chickenpox and roseola. The distribution of the lesions of herpangina (palate, tonsils) differentiates it from primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, which affects the gingivae. Comparing with roseola and rubella, measles has a bigger size of rush and specific oral localization on buccal mucosa. Mild fever and skin rush which appears on face and extensor surfaces of body and extremities help to distinguish rubella from measles and roseola. Viruses transmitted through biological liquids are represented in oral cavity by infectious mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus. The vesicles and ulcers on the tonsils and posterior pharynx in case of these infections can resemble herpetic stomatitis, but liver and spleen enlargement allows to exclude this diagnose; also cytomegalovirus erosions heal for long time. Cervical lymphoadenopathy differentiates them from herpetic angina. Laboratory diagnostics is based on detection of antibodies to virus or virus DNA in blood helps to make diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus infections. Viruses transmitted through direct contact with mucosa and biological liquids represented by human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HPV in oral cavity represent by benign epithelial hyperplasia which might persist and transform to malignant. Therefore, histological examination plays important role in diagnostics of HPV. Oral manifestations such as candidiasis, herpes labialis, and aphthous stomatitis represent some of the first signs of HIV immunodeficiency. Oral lesions also associated with HIV in children are oral hairy leukoplakia, linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Rapid necrotization and long-term healing of oral lesions help to suspect HIV and prescribe the blood test for the detection of antibodies to the virus. Oral mucosa is often the first to be affected by viral infections. A thorough anamnesis and examination is the key to accurate diagnostics of the most oral viral lesions and their adequate treatment. Biopsy, examination of antibodies to the virus in the blood or polymeraze-chain reaction to the virus in the bioptate or blood are performed in case of diagnostic difficulties. Laboratory methods had to use more widely for the diagnostics of recurrent or unclear lesions of the oral mucosa in children.
... Differential diagnosis includes verruca vulgaris, verrucous carcinoma and other verrucous dermatoses. The lesions of verruca vulgaris are usually circumscribed, firm, elevated papule with the papillomatous hyperkeratotic surface [4]. Furthermore, histopathology of verruca vulgaris lesions has characteristic koilocytes or vacuolated keratinocytes. ...
... 9 The lesions of verruca vulgaris are circumscribed, firm, elevated papule with papillomatous, hyperkeratotic surface. 10 Verrucous carcinoma lesions are almost always large, exophytic, soft, fungating, slow growing neoplasms with a pebbly surface. 11 Whereas squamous cell carcinoma presents as an ulcer with fissuring or raised exophytic margins. ...
... [8] However, clinically, majority of squamous papillomas are round in shape with a papillary surface, whitish pedunculated, and verruca vulgaris is firm, circumscribed, elevated with a papillomatous hyperkeratotic surface. [9] Whereas, verrucous carcinomas are large, exophytic-endophytic lesions with a cauliflower surface. [10] Because VX was associated with OSF, which is a potentially malignant disorder, histopathology plays an important role in ruling out underlying dysplasia. ...
Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign mucocutaneous verrucopapillary lesion, which mainly involves masticatory mucosa and gingiva. Clinically, it presents as a solitary, sessile or pedunculated, white-or yellow-white-colored growth with a pebbled surface, hence often misdiagnosed as papilloma. The hallmark of histological diagnosis is the presence of foam cells or xanthoma cells confined to the connective tissue papillae. We present a case of VX on the maxillary gingiva in a 52-year-old male patient with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) with a review on histopathology and concomitant oral lesions. The exact etiopathogenesis is not clearly delineated more so when it is associated with diverse local and systemic conditions. Its concomitant association with other conditions such as lichen planus, leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma and OSF is rare, with only three cases of VX associated with OSF reported earlier.
... HPV types are categorized into high risk and low risk based on their oncogenic potential. Low risk HPV genotypes include 1,2,4,6,7,11,40,42,43,44 and 57, and the high risk types include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 [1,4]. Antigen for the Human papillomavirus has been detected in 55-75% of oral verruca vulgaris cases [5]. ...
... Verruca vulgaris is more common on the skin than in the oral cavity. On the skin, they most commonly occur on the dorsal aspect of fingers and hand and also on the soles of the feet [6]. The skin lesions are present as small papules, which are dome shaped, with keratotic and verrucous surface [7]. ...
Cutaneous warts encountered in Verruca vulgaris are easily recognized by the medical professionals. The mucosal counterparts in the oral cavity are, however, rarely seen in the medical practice. Overall the verrucopapillary lesions of the oral cavity are rare, and difficulties may, therefore, be encountered in diagnosing this lesion. Thorough clinical and histopathological examinations along with a relevant habit
history are often essential in reaching a diagnosis. Early identification and eradication of the lesion is crucial in the prevention of further transmission, tissue destruction and rarely malignant transformation.
... HPV types are categorized into high risk and low risk based on their oncogenic potential. Low risk HPV genotypes include 1,2,4,6,7,11,40,42,43,44 and 57, and the high risk types include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 [1,4]. Antigen for the Human papillomavirus has been detected in 55-75% of oral verruca vulgaris cases [5]. ...
... Verruca vulgaris is more common on the skin than in the oral cavity. On the skin, they most commonly occur on the dorsal aspect of fingers and hand and also on the soles of the feet [6]. The skin lesions are present as small papules, which are dome shaped, with keratotic and verrucous surface [7]. ...
... Clinically, majority of the squamous papillomas are found to be round in shape, whitish, flaccid in consistency and pedunculated [9]. The lesions of verruca vulgaris are circumscribed, firm, elevated papule with papillomatous hyperkeratotic surface [10]. Verrucous carcinoma lesions are almost always large, exophytic, soft, fungating, slow growing neoplasms with a pebbly mamillated surface [11]. ...
Verruciform Xanthoma (VX) is a relatively rare benign mucocutaneous lesion of unknown aetiology. VX occurs predominantly in oral cavity
which also occasionally affects skin and genital mucosa. It was first reported in the oral cavity in 1971. This rare harmless lesion usually
presents as sessile or pedunculated, appear as a papule or single plaque showing verrucous or papillomatous mucosal growth with variable color from reddish pink to gray. In majority of oral cases, it affects gingiva and alveolar mucosa that may be mistaken for benign, premalignant and malignant conditions. VX is diagnosed with certainly only on histopathologic examination. Histologically VX is characterized
by the presence of parakeratinized epithelium showing papillary or verrucous growth with thin rete ridges and connective tissue papillae
extending up to the surface. The papillae characteristically consist of foam cells also called xanthoma cells. Here we describe a case report
of verruciform xanthoma occurring on the buccal mucosa in a 42–years old male patient along with its clinical, pathogenesis, histological
features and treatment modalities discussed.
