Figure 6 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
(A) The structure of aucubin; (B) The binding of aucubin at the active site of MAO-A enzyme; (C) The binding of aucubin at the active site of COMT enzyme.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the docking interactions of aucubin were analyzed, we observed both similar and additional interactions. As shown in Figure 6, 10 hydrogen bonds are formed between aucubin and the Gly67, Ala68, Tyr69, Ile180, Asn181, Tyr197, Cys406, Tyr407, Gly443, and Tyr444 residues in MAO-A, which strengthens the binding affinity and enhances the inhibitory activity of aucubin against MAO-A. Similarly, aucubin was found to bind to the active site of COMT with a binding affinity of 5.96 (-log10 Kd), with nine hydrogen bonds being formed between aucubin and the TYR68, GLU90, MET91, SER119, GLN120, HIS142, and TRP143 residues in COMT (Fig. 6). ...
Context 2
... which strengthens the binding affinity and enhances the inhibitory activity of aucubin against MAO-A. Similarly, aucubin was found to bind to the active site of COMT with a binding affinity of 5.96 (-log10 Kd), with nine hydrogen bonds being formed between aucubin and the TYR68, GLU90, MET91, SER119, GLN120, HIS142, and TRP143 residues in COMT (Fig. 6). Although these molecular docking results indicate that aucubin may directly interact with MAO-A and COMT, further studies are required to confirm the mode whereby aucubin binds to MAO-A and ...
Similar publications
Citations
... Administering aucubin orally to mice at 20 and 40 mg/kg BW for 7 d proved effective in reducing anxiety. Furthermore, when administered at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW, it also produced an antidepressant effect equivalent to fluoxetine [16]. The anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of aucubin are believed to result from its ability to lower glutamate levels, increase GABA levels, and inhibit monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which normally act as catalysts for the catabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. ...
Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside widely spread in the families Cornaceae, Garryaceae, Orobanchaceae, Globulariaceae, Eucommiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Rubiaceae. This review is intended to provide data on the physicochemical characteristics, isolation methods, and biological activities of aucubin and its producing plants. Aucubin is unstable and can be deglycosylated into its aglycone, aucubigenin. Various chromatographic methods (column chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography) have been used together to isolate aucubin, mainly with the stationary phase C-18 and the mobile phase water–methanol solution made in gradients. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that aucubin has a wide range of activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic and antidepressant, antidiabetic, antifibrotic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, retinoprotective, neuroprotective, osteoprotective, and renoprotective. Even though aucubin has been extensively investigated, further research in humans is urgently needed primarily to substantiate the clinical evidence. Moreover, extensive studies on its drug delivery systems will help maximize efficacy and minimize side effects.
... Therefore, effective and low toxicity drugs are urgently needed to manage this condition. A previous study in rodents (Chu et al. 2020) indicated that AU possesses anxiolytic effects, as was demonstrated by mice showing a higher percentage of time spent in open arms and open arm entries during an elevated plus maze test and more time spent in the light area of the apparatus used in the light/dark box tests. In addition, AU has antidepressant activity, as revealed by reduced immobile time of rodents in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. ...
Context
Aucubin (AU), an iridoid glycoside that is one of the active constituents of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) (Eucommiaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively studied in the management of neurological diseases (NDs). However, a comprehensive review of its effects and mechanisms in this regard is currently not available.
Objective
To compile the protective effects and mechanisms of AU in NDs and provide a basis for further research.
Methods
We used ‘aucubin’ as the ‘All Fields’ or ‘MeSH’ in PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure without any limitation to search all relevant articles as comprehensively as possible; we selected the articles on AU treatment of NDs for summary.
Results
Studies reviewed herein reported that AU improved the symptoms or prognosis of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer's disease, intracerebral haemorrhage, diabetic encephalopathy, epilepsy, anxiety and depression, and traumatic brain injury. The pharmacological mechanisms involved in repairing neuronal loss were postulated to include increasing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in the synapse, promoting differentiation of neural precursor cells into GABAergic neurons, providing antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammation activities, as well as enhancing autophagy and anti-apoptotic actions.
Discussion and conclusions
The protective effects of AU on some NDs have been confirmed. According to the pharmacological effects, AU is also highly likely to have protective effects on other NDs, which can be realized by further in vivo and in vitro basic research, and clinical trials. In the future, AU may be used for clinical prevention or treatment of patients with neurological diseases.
