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(A) The holotype of Rhacophorus pinglongensis sp. nov., (B) adult male of Rhacophorus dorsoviridis from type locality, Sa Pa, Lao Cai, Vietnam; photo: Nikolai L. Orlov, from Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, (C) adult male of Rhacophorus dorsoviridis, dorsolateral view, and (D) ventral view, from Pingbian County, Yunnan, China; photo: Mian Hou, from Sichuan Normal University.
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A new species of rhacophorid of the genus Rhacophorus is described from the Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, Southern China. Rhacophorus pinglongensis sp. nov. is compared with congeners from China and other parts of Southeast Asia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by combination of following characters: (1) small s...
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Context 1
... white spots), iris red or yellow above, pale below (vs. iris silver, diffusing to ecru laterally with light khaki ring along margin) ( Figure 6A-D) (Bourret, 1937;Orlov et al., 2001;Zhang et al., 2011;Fei et al., 2012). Finally, Rhacophorus nigropunctatus differs from the new species by having a dark throat; black blotches at flanks and anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, but lacking white spots; third finger disk width less than tympanum ( Liu et al., 1962). ...
Context 2
... and R. dorsoviridis (JX219427) is less than 3 % (Table 1), a value usually representing differentiation at the species level in frogs (Vences et al., 2005;Fouquet et al., 2007), morphologically, they can distinguish from each other ( Figure 6). Based on Orlov et al. (2001) descriptions, R. dorsoviridis (JX219427, voucher no. ...
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Citations
... Zhangixalus pinglongensis has flanks, anterior and posterior surfaces of the thigh covered with black blotches and white spots (Mo et al. 2016). In contrast, Z. thaoae sp. ...
We describe a new treefrog species from Lao Cai Province, northwestern Vietnam. The new species is assigned to the genus Zhangixalus based on a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) dorsum green, smooth; body size medium (SVL 30.1–32.2 in males); (2) fingers webbed; tips of digits expanded into large disks, bearing circum-marginal grooves; (3) absence of dermal folds along limbs; (4) absence of supracloacal fold and tarsal projection. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by: (1) dorsal surface of the head and body green without spots; (2) axilla and groin cream with a black blotch; (3) ventral cream without spot; (4) chin creamy with grey marbling; anterior part of the thigh and ventral surface of tibia orange without spots; posterior parts of thigh orange with a large black blotch; (5) ventral side of webbing orange with some grey pattern (6) iris red-bronze, pupils black; (7) finger webbing formula I1¼-1¼II1-2III1-1IV, toe webbing formula I½-½II0-1½III¼-1¾IV1¾-½V. Phylogenetically, the new species is nested in the same subclade as Z. jodiae, Z. pinglongensis, and Z. yaoshanensis, with genetic distances ranging from 3.23% to 4.68%. The new species can be found in evergreen montane tropical forests at an elevation of about 1,883 m a.s.l. This new discovery brings the number of known genus Zhangixalus species to 42 and the number of species reported from Vietnam to 10.
... Over the past decade, six new amphibian species have been discovered in this reserve. These include Leptobrachella shangsiensis Chen, Liao, Zhou & Mo, 2019(Chen et al. 2019; Leptobrachella shiwandashanensis Chen, Peng, Pan, Liao, Liu & Huang, 2021; Nidirana shiwandashanensis Chen, Peng, Li & Liu, 2022(Chen et al. 2022a; Occidozyga shiwandashanensis Chen, Peng, Liu, Huang, Liao & Mo, 2022(Chen et al. 2022b; Odorrana fengkaiensis Wang, Lau, Yang, Chen, Liu, Pang & Liu, 2015(Wang et al. 2015; and Zhangixalus pinglongensis (Mo, Chen, Liao & Zhou, 2016) (Mo et al. 2016). Additionally, the previously recorded L. sungi (Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998) (Mo et al. 2008) brings the total number of Leptobrachella species in this reserve to three. ...
... Over the past decade, six new amphibian species have been discovered in this reserve. These include Leptobrachella shangsiensis Chen, Liao, Zhou & Mo, 2019(Chen et al. 2019; Leptobrachella shiwandashanensis Chen, Peng, Pan, Liao, Liu & Huang, 2021; Nidirana shiwandashanensis Chen, Peng, Li & Liu, 2022(Chen et al. 2022a; Occidozyga shiwandashanensis Chen, Peng, Liu, Huang, Liao & Mo, 2022(Chen et al. 2022b; Odorrana fengkaiensis Wang, Lau, Yang, Chen, Liu, Pang & Liu, 2015(Wang et al. 2015; and Zhangixalus pinglongensis (Mo, Chen, Liao & Zhou, 2016) (Mo et al. 2016). Additionally, the previously recorded L. sungi (Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998) (Mo et al. 2008) brings the total number of Leptobrachella species in this reserve to three. ...
A new species of the genus Leptobrachella , L. guinanensis sp. nov. , is described in this study based on morphological, molecular, and bioacoustic data. The species was discovered in the Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve in Shangsi County, Guangxi, China. Phylogenetically, L. guinanensis sp. nov. is closely related to L. ventripunctata . However, there are distinct morphological differences between L. guinanensis sp. nov. and L. ventripunctata , as well as three other sympatric species ( L. shangsiensis , L. shiwandashanensis , and L. sungi ). These differences include body size (SVL 30.5–32.5 mm in males; 38.7–41.8 mm in females in the new species vs 25.5–28.0 mm in males, 31.5–35.0 mm in females in L. ventripunctata ), the absence of brown spots on the ventral surface (vs chest and belly creamy white with many scattered brown spots in L. ventripunctata ), 1/3 toe webbing and wide toe lateral fringes (vs no toe webbing and no lateral fringes in L. ventripunctata ), and distinct dermal ridges under toes (vs absent in L. ventripunctata ). Furthermore, the dominant vocal frequencies of the new species range from 7.3 to 8.3 kHz, which is unique compared to other Leptobrachella species and represents the highest dominant frequencies ever recorded. The Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve is now home to four known sympatric species of Leptobrachella .
... This finding implies that previous records of Z. nigropunctatus from Jinping and Pingbian belong to Z. dorsoviridis (Zhang et al. 2011) and that Z. nigropunctatus is distributed in northern Vietnam. However, Mo et al. (2016) revealed that the sample ROM 38011 was distantly related to Z. nigropunctatus and it was sister to Z. pinglongensis (Mo, Chen, Liao & Zhou, 2016), indicating that the record of Z. nigropunctatus in northern Vietnam may be misidentified. In addition, Pan et al. (2017) revealed that Z. nigropunctatus recorded from the Dabie Mountains of Anhui Province represents an independent species and named it as Z. zhoukaiyae (Pan, Zhang & Zhang, 2017). ...
... This finding implies that previous records of Z. nigropunctatus from Jinping and Pingbian belong to Z. dorsoviridis (Zhang et al. 2011) and that Z. nigropunctatus is distributed in northern Vietnam. However, Mo et al. (2016) revealed that the sample ROM 38011 was distantly related to Z. nigropunctatus and it was sister to Z. pinglongensis (Mo, Chen, Liao & Zhou, 2016), indicating that the record of Z. nigropunctatus in northern Vietnam may be misidentified. In addition, Pan et al. (2017) revealed that Z. nigropunctatus recorded from the Dabie Mountains of Anhui Province represents an independent species and named it as Z. zhoukaiyae (Pan, Zhang & Zhang, 2017). ...
... Comparative morphological data of other Zhangixalus species were taken from their original descriptions or re-descriptions (Boulenger 1892;Stejneger 1907;Inger 1947;Lue et al. 1994Lue et al. , 1995He 1999;Ohler et al. 2000;Harvey et al. 2002;Matsui and Panha 2006;Rao et al. 2006;Bordoloi et al. 2007;Chou et al. 2007;Fei et al. 2009Fei et al. , 2010Zhang et al. 2011;Li et al. 2012b;Mo et al. 2016;Liu et al. 2017;Pan et al. 2017;Yu et al. 2019;Nguyen et al. 2020;Ninh et al. 2020;Brakels et al. 2023). Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted in SPSS v.17.0 (SPSS Inc.), based on the correlation matrix of size-standardised measurements (all measurements divided by SVL) of adult males. ...
We described herein Zhangixalus yunnanensis sp. nov. , a new treefrog species from central and western Yunnan, China, which had previously been confused with Z. nigropunctatus , based on morphological and molecular evidence. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new species is sister to the clade of Z. nigropunctatus and Z. melanoleucus with strong support (100% and 73% for BI and ML, respectively). Our morphological analysis suggested that Z. yunnanensis sp. nov. is distinctly different from all known congeners by the combination of the following morphological characters: black blotches on body flank and hind-limb, medium body size (SVL31.3–36.0 mm in males and 47.6–48.6 mm in females), head wider than long, iris yellowish-brown, dorsum uniformly green, vocal sac external, throat black, webbing greyish and fingers webbed one third and toes webbed half. Additionally, we revealed that the specimens ROM 38011 (Sa Pa, Vietnam) and VNMN 4099 (Son La, Vietnam) are neither Z. dorsoviridis nor Z. nigropunctatus , but probably represent one or two cryptic species of Zhangixalus pending further morphological and molecular data. Including the new species described herein, the genus Zhangixalus currently comprises 42 species, 30 of which are distributed in China with 11 species known from Yunnan. Amongst different zoogeographic regions in Yunnan, south-eastern Yunnan has the highest diversity of Zhangixalus , followed by western Yunnan and southern Yunnan. More studies are required to clarify the species diversity of this genus based on multiple lines of evidence (e.g. morphological and molecular data).
... Liu, Hu et Yang, 1962 from Vietnam seem to be based on misidentification with this species. [Bourret, 1937[Bourret, , 1942Orlov et al., 2001a;Nguyen S. V. et al., 2009;Zhang et al., 2011;Li et al., 2012a;Mo et al., 2016;Pham A. V. et al., 2017b;Jiang et al., 2019]. ( [ Ohler et al., 2000;Yang and Rao, 2008;Nguyen S. V. et al., 2009;Li et al., 2012b;Ziegler et al., 2014d;Pham A. V. et al., 2017b;Jiang et al., 2019]. ...
... Jiang et al. (2019). Record for Vietnam is based on phylogenetic data of Mo et al. (2016) and Li et al. (2012a). [Li et al., 2012a;Mo et al., 2016;Jiang et al., 2019]. ...
... Record for Vietnam is based on phylogenetic data of Mo et al. (2016) and Li et al. (2012a). [Li et al., 2012a;Mo et al., 2016;Jiang et al., 2019]. (Smith, 1924 . ...
The Indochinese Peninsula is recognized as one of the key global biodiversity hotspots. The amphibian fauna of Indochina (including Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand) is one of the richest in the world. About 60% of the known species were described within the last 20 years. We review the literature and our data to assess all recent discoveries and taxonomic changes and compile the first annotated checklist of the amphibian fauna of Indochina since the middle of the 20th century, including updated faunal lists for Vietnam and Thailand. Amphibian checklists for Laos and Cambodia are published for the first time. For each species we provide the following information: scientific name; recommended common name in English; information on type specimens; type locality; data on its distribution within Indochina and beyond; IUCN conservation status; taxonomic comment and the most important references. We review the distribution of each species across the 23 biogeographic subregions of Indochina, estimate the similarity among the regional faunas and evaluate their species richness and endemism. In total we record 423 amphibian species belonging to three orders, 11 families and 71 genera; 199 species (47%) are endemic to Indochina. Comprising 270 known species, the amphibian fauna of Vietnam is the richest (98 endemics, 36.3%), followed by Thailand with 194 species (29 endemics, 14.9%), Laos with 121 species (13 endemics, 10.7%), and Cambodia with 72 species (6 endemics, 8.3%). A cluster analysis of faunal similarity between the subregions shows two major assemblages, divided by the Isthmus of Kra. Within the northern mainland portion of Indochina three clusters can be distinguished: (1) northeastern and northwestern uplands of Vietnam and northern Laos; (2) Northern, Central, and Southern Annamites, the Bolaven Plateau, and central-south Vietnam lowlands; (3) western Indochinese subregions. We identify the Northeast and Northwest Uplands of Vietnam, the Northern, Central and Southern Annamites, the Cardamom Mountains, the mountains of Northeast Thailand, Northern Tenasserim and southern Peninsular Thailand as nine major centers of diversity and endemism of Indochinese amphibians. The analysis of amphibian distribution patterns across Indochina suggests the presence of 14 chorotypes grouped in five major range types. Our results underline the role of Indochina as a key area for amphibian diversity and conservation. Among 423 species of Indochinese amphibians, 152 species (35.9%) were considered as data deficient (DD) or were not evaluated (NE) according to the IUCN Red List criteria; while 76 species (18.0%) were considered vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN) or critically endangered (CR), 20 species (4.7%) were considered to be near threatened (NT), and 175 species (41.4%) to be of the least concern (LC). Our study thus has implications for further conservation efforts on regional and global levels, as well as for understanding the biogeographic patterns of amphibian richness and endemism in Asia.
... mm (Liu et al. 2017); Z. minimus at 21.3-33.0 mm (Rao et al. 2006); Z. moltrechti at 33-46 mm (Fei et al. 2010); Z. nigropunctatus at 32-37 mm (Fei et al. 2010); Z. owstoni at 42-51 mm (Maeda & Matsui 1990); Z. pinglongensis at 32.0-38.5 mm (Mo et al. 2016); Z. prasinatus at 49-56 mm (Fei et al. 2010); Z. prominanus at 50.46-51.26 mm (Harvey et al. 2002); Z. puerensis at 35.5-41 mm (Bain & Nguyen 2004); Z. schlegelii at 49 mm (Stejneger 1907); Z. suffry at 38.5-52.9 ...
... Bain & Nguyen 2004;Goris & Maeda 2004;Wilkinson & Rao 2004;Rao et al. 2006;Bordoloi et al. 2007;Chou et al. 2007;Ohler 2009;Fei et al. 2010;Li et al. 2012a;Ziegler et al. 2014;Jiang et al. 2016;Mo et al. 2016;Liu et al. 2017;Pan et al. 2017;Chen et al. 2018;Yu et al. 2019). ...
We describe a new species of the genus Zhangixalus Li, Jiang, Ren & Jiang, 2019 from Ha Giang Province, Vietnam based on morphological and molecular data. In the molecular phylogenetic analyses, the new species is nested in the Zhangixalus duboisi (Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean, 2000) group, where it is sister to Z. duboisi with a genetic distance of 2.51%. The new species, Zhangixalus franki sp. nov., differs from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: size large, SVL 77.9–85.8 mm in males; finger webbing formula I1-1II0-1III½-0IV; dorsal surface of head and body green with dark brown spots; ventral surface grey or dark grey, white stripe along edge of jaw, insertion of limbs, and along lateral ridges of fore and hind limbs and flank, separating upper green part from lower grey part. The new species occurs in evergreen montane tropical forests at an elevation of ca 1300 m a.s.l. The new discovery brings the total number of known species in the genus Zhangixalus to 38 and the species number reported from Vietnam to nine.
... The specimens from Ha Giang Province can be assigned to the genus Zhangixalus on the basis of the following morphological characters: snout round; the presence of intercalary cartilage between the terminal and penultimate phalanges of digits, distal end of the terminal phalanx in Y-shape; tips of digits expanded into large disks, bearing circum-marginal grooves; fingers webbed; the presence of a supra-cloacal dermal ridge; and pupil horizontal. Morphologically, the specimens from Ha Giang resemble Zhangixalus pinglongensis (Mo et al. 2016), a recently described species from Guangxi, China, in size and colour pattern. However, closer morphological examination revealed distinct morphological differences between them. ...
... contained 21 species and comprised four subclades A1, A2, A3 and A4. The subclade A2 contained Z. nigropunctatus (Liu, Hu, and Yang, 1962), Z. yaoshanensis , Z. pinglongensis (Mo, et al. 2016), and Z. chenfui (Liu, 1945), and the new species from Ha Giang with strong support values (MLBS = 97%, BPP = 1.00) (Figure 1). ...
... Morphologically, these species are similar to each other in the following characters: small size in males SVL 32.0-37.0 mm in Z. nigropunctatus , 32-38.5 mm in Z. pinglongensis (Mo et al. 2016), and 31.6-36.4 mm in Z. yaoshanensis (Chen et al. 2018); dorsum green, smooth, without spots; webbing moderately developed; dermal flap on heel and supracloacal dermal ridge absent. ...
A new rhacophorid species is described from Vietnam on the basis of nine specimens collected in Quan Ba District, Ha Giang Province, northeastern Vietnam. The new species is morphologically similar to Zhangixalus pinglongensis, Z. dorsoviridis, and Z. nigropunctatus, however, it differs from the latter by having the flank cream with large black blotches on axilla and groin. The genetic distance between the new species and Zhangixalus pinglongensis, Z. dorsoviridis and Z. nigropunctatus is >3.57% (16S mtDNA gene fragment). Zhangixalus jodiae sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species of Zhangixalus and other small rhacophorid species from Southeast Asia by a combination of the following characters: size small (SVL 36.1–39.8 mm in males); head as long as wide; vomerine teeth present; dorsal surface of head and body green without spots; axilla cream with large black blotches, groin and front-rear parts of the thigh, ventral surface of tibia black with orange blotches; lower jaw region greyish, chest and belly cream.
http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:89597718-024F-4FFC-B0AE-2005F12CF66C
... We compared the new species with congeners (Rhacophorus sensu lato) from Vietnam and neighboring countries in mainland Indochina, including Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand and southern China. Additional comparative material was examined from the collections of Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg (ZISP, St. Petersburg, Russia) (see Appendix) and data obtained from the literature (Smith, 1924;Bourret, 1937Bourret, , 1942Smith, 1940;Liu and Hu, 1960;Taylor, 1962;Inger et al., 1999;Ohler et al., 2000;Ziegler and Köhler, 2001;Orlov et al., 2001Orlov et al., , 2008Orlov et al., , 2009Orlov et al., , 2012Bain and Nguyen, 2004;Matsui and Panha, 2006;Ohler and Delorme, 2006;Bordoloi et al., 2007;Chou et al., 2007;Orlov and Ananjeva, 2007;Mo et al., 2008Mo et al., , 2016Orlov, 2008;Fei et al., 2009Fei et al., , 2010Chan and Grismer, 2010;Rowley et al., 2010Rowley et al., , 2012Li et al., 2012;Ostroshabov et al., 2013;Nguyen et al., 2017;Pan et al., 2017). Etymology. ...
We describe a new species of the Rhacophorus genus, which differs from all species known in Asia by the combination of characters. It strongly differs also from small and middle-sized species of Rhacophorus sensu lato: Rhacophorus calcaneus Smith, 1924, Leptomantis cyanopunctatus (Manthey et Steiof, 1998), Rhacophorus hoabinhensis Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Ninh et Ziegler, 2017, Rhacophorus hoanglienensis Orlov, Lathrop, Murphy et Ho, 2001, Zhangixalus jarujini (Matsui et Panha, 2006), Rhacophorus laoshan Mo, Jiang, Xie et Ohler, 2008, Rhacophorus pardalis Günther, 1858, Rhacophorus rhodopus Liu et Hu, 1960, Rhacophorus robertingeri Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang, and Geissler, 2012, Leptomantis robinsonii (Boulenger, 1903), Rhacophorus spelaeus Orlov, Gnophanxay, Phimminith, and Phomphoumy, 2010, Rhacophorus translineatus Wu, 1977, Rhacophorus turpes Smith, 1940, Rhacophorus vampyrus Rowley, Le, Thi, Stuart et Hoang, 2010, Rhacophorus viridimaculatus Ostroshabov, Orlov et Nguyen, 2013 by having brown color with two green dorsolateral stripes starting at the groin level and connecting through the distal part of eyelid with green triangle on the head, slender body and head, lower ratio HW/HL 0.86, lower HW/SVL 0.28 and lower ratio HL/SVL 0.32.
... nov.; Z. owstoni (Stejneger, 1907) comb. nov.; Z. pinglongensis (Mo, Chen, Liao, and Zhou, 2016) comb. nov.; Z. prasinatus (Mou, Risch, and Lue, 1983) comb. ...
... Webbing formula is given following Savage (1975). Comparative morphological data for the 13 recognized species in the genus were obtained from examination of museum specimens (see Appendix I) and from the literature (Boulenger 1893;Bourret 1937;Hu 1978;Fei and Ye 1984;Orlov and Nguyen 2004;Nguyen et al. 2008Nguyen et al. , 2013Mo et al. 2013;Rowley et al. 2011Rowley et al. , 2014Matsui et al. 2015;Matsui et al. 2015Matsui et al. , 2017Zeng et al. 2017b), comparative morphological data and distribution information for the small-and medium-sized rhacophorids known from southern China and northern Vietnam were obtained from examination of museum specimens (see Appendix I) and from the literature (Bain et al. 2009;Chan et al. 2002;Fei et al. 2009;Fei et al. 2012;Frost 2017;Hou et al. 2017;Inger et al. 1999;Mo et al. 2016;Milto et al. 2013;Nguyen et al. 2016;Ostroshabov et al. 2013, Qin et al. 2015Taylor 1962;Yang et al. 2015;Yu et al. 2017;Zeng et al. 2017a). ...
A new species of tree frog, G. guangdongensis sp nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Dawuling Forest Station, Mount Nankun and Nanling Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province, southeastern China. The new species is distinguished from all known congeners by a significant genetic divergence at the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragment examined (p-distance ≥ 4.6%) and the following combination of morphological characters: relatively small body size (SVL 26.1–34.7 mm in adult males, 34.9–35.4 mm in adult females); upper eyelid and dorsum lacking spines; supratympanic fold and tympanum distinct; dorsal and lateral surface rough, sparsely scattered with tubercles; ventral skin granular; tibiotarsal projection absent; toe-webbing moderately developed, finger webbing rudimentary; heels slightly overlapping when flexed hindlimbs are held at right angles to the body axis; brown to beige above, with an inverse Y-shaped dark brown marking extendeing from the interorbital region to the centre of the dorsum; males with a single subgular vocal sac and protruding nuptial pads with minute granules on the dorsal surface of the base of first finger. The discovery and description of Gracixalus guangdongensis sp. nov. represents the 14th species known in this genus.
... This value usually represents differentiation at the species level in frogs ( Vences et al. 2005;Fouquet et al. 2007). Despite genetic similarity, the two species are morphologically distinguishable ( Mo et al. 2016). Rhacophorus pinglongensis has black blotches with white spots on the flanks, axilla, ventral surface of forearms, inguinal, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, ventral surface of shank, and dorsal surface of feet present ( Mo et al. 2016). ...
... Despite genetic similarity, the two species are morphologically distinguishable ( Mo et al. 2016). Rhacophorus pinglongensis has black blotches with white spots on the flanks, axilla, ventral surface of forearms, inguinal, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, ventral surface of shank, and dorsal surface of feet present ( Mo et al. 2016). These black blotches are absent in R. yaoshanensis (Mo et al. 2016). ...
... Rhacophorus pinglongensis has black blotches with white spots on the flanks, axilla, ventral surface of forearms, inguinal, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, ventral surface of shank, and dorsal surface of feet present ( Mo et al. 2016). These black blotches are absent in R. yaoshanensis (Mo et al. 2016). We therefore continue to recognize Rhacophorus yaoshanensis as a distinct species. ...
Rhacophorus yaoshanensis Liu & Hu, 1962 and Theloderma kwangsiensis Liu & Hu, 1962 were described by Liu & Hu (1962) based on two specimens and one specimen, respectively, from the Dayaoshan Ranges, Guangxi, China. Since these two species were described, no additional specimens have been collected from their type localities, presenting an issue for phylogenetic studies of the genera. Five decades later, we have rediscovered R. yaoshanensis and T. kwangsiensis from their type localities. In this paper, we re-describe the two species and conduct a preliminary assessment of their phylogenetic relationships using two mitochondrial DNA genes (12S and 16S rRNA). The results indicate with high support that R. yaoshanensis is closely related to Rhacophorus pinglongensis. Theloderma kwangsiensis is nested within Theloderma corticale, with only 0.0–0.6% pairwise divergence, a level typical of intraspecific variation. Based on both molecular and morphological analyses, we further confirm that T. kwangsiensis is a synonym of T. corticale. Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, China, is a new record for T. corticale.
