Figure 2 - uploaded by José Martins dos Santos
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( A ) Small coronary artery with a prominent perivascular tissue (IN group) (Hematoxylin-Eosin, 400×); ( B ) Small coronary artery with a prominent perivascular tissue, in the same group (Chromotrope-Aniline blue , 400×).
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Morphological changes induced by industrial noise (IN) have been experimentally observed in several organs. Histological observations of the coronary arteries showed prominent perivascular tissue and fibrosis among IN-exposed rats. The effects on the small arteries are unknown.
To evaluate the histomorphometric changes induced by IN on rat heart sm...
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Citations
... Особую роль в повреждении сердечно-сосудистой системы под длительным воздействием шума отводят избыточной продукции катехоламинов и кортизола, развитию окислительного стресса и эндотелиальной дисфункции [17,18]. В последние годы появились работы, которые в эксперименте на животных демонстрируют развитие периваску-лярного коронарного фиброза [19], а также ультраструктурных изменений кардиомиоцитов [20] под воздействием шума. Некоторые исследователи рассматривают ГХ в качестве одного из эффектов воздействия шума на человеческий организм [21]. ...
Introduction. In this study, we aimed to identify the features of the dynamics of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors for its development in individuals who have worked under the influence of noise for a long time. Patients and Methods. 56 archival case histories of patients with occupational sensorineural hearing loss and 47 outpatient records of patients who worked in relative silence were studied. CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed in dynamics. Results. The groups were comparable in age, body mass index, prevalence of smoking, obesity and burdened heredity. In patients with occupational sensorineural hearing loss, total cholesterol exceeded the upper limit of normal and the level in the comparison group, and was, respectively, 5.6 ± 1.2 mmol/l and 5.0 ± 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.046) at the first visit and 5.6 ± 1.1 mmol/l and 5.2 ± 1.1 mmol/l at the last visit (p = 0.037). Hypertension was the leader in the structure of CVD in both groups. In individuals with occupational sensorineural hearing loss, the total number of cases of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher, both at the first (5 and 0 cases, respectively, p = 0.04) and at the last visit (14 and 3 cases, respectively, p = 0.01). Conclusion. Individuals who have worked in noise for a long time have an increased cardiovascular risk by the time occupational hearing loss is established. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism presumably represent a main contribution to the formation of this risk. At the same time, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are more often detected among individuals who worked in noise than among those who worked in relative silence.
... Introduction: Recent data has shown a significant association between noise exposure and atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large cohort [1] but the pathophysiology remains unclear. The acoustic spectrum of industrial environments is particularly rich in high-intensity infrasound (IFS), which we have previously found to induce coronary perivascular fibrosis in rat hearts [2][3][4]. The role of atrial fibrosis in AF is well documented and remains the cornerstone of atrial pathology in patients with this arrhythmia [5]. ...
Introduction
Recent data has shown a significant association between noise exposure and atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large cohort [1] but the pathophysiology remains unclear. The acoustic spectrum of industrial environments is particularly rich in high-intensity infrasound (IFS), which we have previously found to induce coronary perivascular fibrosis in rat hearts [2–4]. The role of atrial fibrosis in AF is well documented and remains the cornerstone of atrial pathology in patients with this arrhythmia [5]. The aim of this study was to evaluate and measure the atrial interstitial fibrosis in rats exposed to high-intensity IFS.
Material and methods
Twelve Wistar rats exposed to high-intensity IFS (110 dB, <20Hz) during a period of 6 weeks and 12 age-matched controls were studied. All the handling and care of the experimental animals was performed by authorised researchers and was done in accordance with the EU Commission on Animal Protection for Experimental and Scientific Purposes (2010/63/EU). Hearts were transversely sectioned and the atrial fragment was selected for analysis. Chromotrope-aniline blue staining was used for histological observation and the images were obtained with an optical microscope using 400× magnifications. For each atrium, three optical fields containing more prominent fibrotic development in the absence of any arterial vessel were selected. The measurement of fibrosis was performed using Image J software. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the groups.
Results
The mean values of atrial interstitial fibrosis were 8.96 ± 4.08 and 4.91 ± 1.46, respectively, in IFS-exposed rats and controls. IFS-exposed rats exhibited a significant increase in atrial interstitial fibrosis (p = .005).
Discussion and conclusion
High-intensity IFS induces atrial interstitial fibrosis in rats. This finding reinforces the need for further experimental and clinical studies concerning the effects of IFS on the heart.
Dyslipidemia is the main factor in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The search for probable factors aff ecting lipid metabolism is relevant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the parameters of lipid metabolism in the blood serum of men exposed to elevated noise levels. Material and methods. 293 men with no confi rmed atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases were examined. Among the surveyed, 2 groups were identifi ed: 203 men who work under the infl uence of noise, and 90 men who do not come into contact with harmful production factors. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoproteins, and the level of oxidized low-density lipoproteins were determined. Remnant cholesterol, atherogenic index and atherogenic plasma index were calculated. Results. Among persons under 55 years of age working in noise, an increase in total cholesterol (p = 0.02) and remnant cholesterol (p = 0.0006), a decrease in high-density lipoproteins (p = 0.03) and a tendency to increase the atherogenic index (p = 0.05) and the atherogenic plasma index (p = 0.07) were revealed. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was comparable in the main and control groups and amounted to 56.7 and 47.4%, respectively (p = 0.17). The median level of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in people working with noise did not exceed the upper limit of the norm . Conclusions . In men younger than 55 years old, working under conditions of exposure to increased noise levels, some features of the blood lipid spectrum are observed. The revealed changes may indicate an increase in the atherogenic potential of the blood serum
Morphological changes induced by industrial noise have been experimentally observed in several organs. This study aims to characterize the effect of industrial noise on the pulp cell density of Wistar rats from a histological point of view, through qualitative and quantitative analysis. The histologic sections were observed over the optical microscope and photographed using 10x and 40x magnifications and analyzed using an image processing software. They refer to a group of animals exposed to industrial noise for 3 months and for 7 months (EG) and another group of animals kept in silence for control (CG) during the same periods. There was a significant decrease in pulp cell density in teeth of the animals exposed for 3 months when compared to control teeth group (p = 0.01). However, in the group exposed for 7 months, no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.66). Even so, we found an evident relationship between exposure to industrial noise and teeth morphological changes. The observed changes are similar to the modifications found on aged teeth. Therefore, this study places industrial noise as an aggressive stimulus that can cause a reaction of the pulp-dentin complex with morphological changes compatible with premature aging of the tooth.
Introduction
An anatomical observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study of the Venotomographies performed at CIMED was carried out from January 2014 to the present, with 105 studies of patients of both sexes. The study methodology was multislice computed venotomography, which allowed to achieve a live anatomical study in several observational planes and making virtual dissections. The aim is demonstrating by means of virtual anatomy how the reticular hypodermic venous system (RHVS) connects the main superficial venous trunks to each other, to the perforating venous system and through them to the deep venous system.
Materials and methods
The scanner used was a 64-detector Phillips multislice tomograph and the program chosen was Phillips' IntelliSpace Portal. To determine the characteristics of RHVS, it was divided the studied population into three groups: 1- without venous pathology, 2- with venous hypertension due to obstruction or compression, 3- in varicose recurrence.
Results
The procedure used allowed to demonstrate that the RHVS produces a true integration of the entire superficial venous system, perforating venous system and through this to the deep venous system as well. Discussion and conclusions: The MCVT has proven to be a versatile and effective method of observing the entire superficial venous system in detail. The RHVS integrates both truncal venous systems, saphenous vein magna, saphenous vein parva and its main tributaries. It integrates all perforating veins with the reticular venous system. And it links the superficial venous system and the perforator with the deep venous system. This conclude affirming that the entire superficial venous system is a single anatomical unit integrated by the RHVS.
Background:
Noise is an important environmental risk factor. Industrial environments are rich in high-intensity infrasound (hi-IFS), which we have found to induce myocardial and coronary perivascular fibrosis in rats. The effects of exposure to IFS on the ventricles have been studied, but not on the atria. We hypothesized that rats exposed to hi-IFS develop atrial remodeling involving fibrosis and connexin 43, which we sought to evaluate.
Material and methods:
Seventy-two Wistar rats, half exposed to hi-IFS (120 dB, <20 Hz) during a maximum period of 12 weeks and half age-matched controls, were studied. Atrial fibrosis was analyzed by Chromotrope-aniline blue staining. The immunohistochemical evaluation of Cx43 was performed using the polyclonal antibody connexin-43 m diluted 1:1000 at 4 °C overnight. Digitized images were obtained with an optical microscope using 400× magnifications. The measurements were performed using image J software. A two-way ANOVA model was used to compare the groups.
Results:
The mean values of the ratio "atrial fibrosis / cardiomyocytes" increased to a maximum of 0.1095 ± 0,04 and 0.5408 ± 0,01, and of the ratio "CX43 / cardiomyocytes" decreased to 0.0834 ± 0,03 and 0.0966 ± 0,03, respectively in IFS-exposed rats and controls. IFS-exposed rats exhibited a significantly higher ratio of fibrosis (p < .001) and lower ratio of Cx43 (p = .009).
Conclusion:
High-intensity infrasound exposure leads to an increase in atrial interstitial fibrosis and a decrease in connexin 43 in rat hearts. This finding reinforces the need for further experimental and clinical studies concerning the effects of exposure to infrasound.
Purpose:
To investigate cardiac changes in young rats, whose mothers underwent autogenic fecal peritonitis, during organogenesis phase and to evaluate the role of intravenous administration of moxifloxacin and dexamethasone in preventing infection-related cardiac changes.
Methods:
A prospective histomorphometric study was performed on 29 hearts of Wistar four-month old rats. Animals were divided into three groups: Negative Control Group (NCG) included 9 subjects from healthy mothers; Positive Control Group (PCG) included 10 subjects from mothers with fecal peritonitis (intra-abdominal injection of 10% autogenic fecal suspension in the gestational period) and did not receive any treatment; and Intervention Group (IG), with 10 animals whose infected mothers received moxifloxacin and dexamethasone treatment 24 hours after induction of fecal peritonitis.
Results:
Nuclear count was higher in the IG group as compared to PCG (p = 0.0016) and in NCG as compared to PCG (p = 0.0380). There was no significant difference in nuclear counts between NCG and IG.
Conclusion:
Induced autogenic fecal peritonitis in pregnant Wistar rats determined myocardial changes in young rats that could be avoided by the early administration of intravenous moxifloxacin and dexamethasone.
