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A. Simple moderation model (Model 1 of Hayes, 2012). B. Basic mediated moderation model (Model 8 of Hayes, 2012). αs refer to the slope coefficients of the mediator(s) regressed on Familiarity, Interest, and their interaction. β(s) and τ's denote the coefficients of Gossip regressed on the mediator(s) and the predictors, respectively, when both are included as simultaneous predictors of Gossip. C, D, E, F, and G. The mediated moderation models with Arousal, |Valence|, Plausibility, Surprise, and |ΔOpinion| as mediators, respectively. H. The mediated moderation model with Surprise and |ΔOpinion| as simultaneous mediators. Note: Coefficients are reported on their corresponding regression paths. Significance thresholds are p<.001 = ***, p<.01 = **, p<.05 = *, and not significant = ns. The percentages of direct effects explained by indirect effects are reported in parentheses on the corresponding direct paths. Downward and upward arrows indicate decreases and increases, respectively, of direct effects in comparison to the simple moderation model.
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Although gossip serves several important social functions, it has relatively infrequently been the topic of systematic investigation. In two experiments, we advance a cognitive-informational approach to gossip. Specifically, we sought to determine which informational components engender gossip. In Experiment 1, participants read brief passages abou...
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... Gossip inherently arises from employees' relationships, making network analysis essential. Past research using this methodology divides into three phases: (a) the structure and pattern of the entire gossip network (Burt, 2004;Ellwardt et al., 2012;Grosser et al., 2012), (b) the relationship dynamics among gossip senders, recipients, and targets (Giardini & Wittek, 2019;Yao et al., 2014), and (c) individual network traits within an organization (Foster, 2004). ...
This study examined an anonymous online community, Blind, while focusing on the role of social networks in information flow, to explain how internal organizational gossip is diffused to employees of other companies and even to the public through its distinctive network structures. We analyzed three cases of gossip networks that differed in terms of the organizations involved and issue severity. The findings suggest that online gossip networks with a large size, low connectedness, and high centralization can easily diffuse information to community members and the outside public. Logistic regression Quadratic Assignment Procedures (QAPs) were used to examine the endogenous and exogenous effects in each network. The results showed that the receiver effect of company size negatively predicted tie formation in NAVER and Samsung’s gossip networks, indicating that gossip diffusion was more likely facilitated by members of smaller companies actively commenting on gossip. The homophily effect of working for the same company predicted tie formation in Samsung’s gossip network, indicating the difficulty of gossip diffusion to external members. Finally, the results of the structural hole analysis suggest that journalists play an important role in issue delivery and gossip diffusion in NAVER’s case. The findings reveal that internal workplace gossip can spill over an organizational boundary online and develop into a corporate crisis.
... Hartung & al. (20) emphasized that gossip is an ubiquitous phenomenon. Hearing information about others serves important social functions such as learning without direct interaction and observation. ...
... Chism (20) noticed that office gossip, power struggles, employee burnout, and short fuses are becoming more the rule than the exception in running a medical practice. The difficult conversation avoided today can turn into the lawsuit 15 years later. ...
... Yao & al. (20) emphasized that although gossip serves several important social functions, it has relatively infrequently been the topic of systematic investigation. In two experiments, a cognitiveinformational approach was advanced to gossip. ...
Gossip is idle talk or rumor, especially about the personal or private affairs of others; the act is also known as dishing or tattling.
Gossip is a topic of research in evolutionary psychology, which has found gossip to be an important means for people to monitor cooperative reputations and so maintain widespread indirect reciprocity. Indirect reciprocity is a social interaction in which one actor helps another and is then benefited by a third party. Gossip has also been identified by Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary biologist, as aiding social bonding in large groups.
The present Research deals with one Biblical verse indicating gossip "Thou shalt not go up and down as a gossiper among the people" (Leviticus 19:16).
In this research, the Biblical verse dealing with the gossip is described. Therefore, the research deals with the characteristics of the gossip, the types, the attitude, and the coping strategies.
Negative gossip has contradicting effects on newcomer job anxiety through perceived social inclusion and negative rumination, and agreeableness as a boundary condition of the effects of receiving negative gossip. Gossip mostly depletes cooperation compared to first-hand information. Negative gossip in the sharer-classmate, target-friend condition is rated most negatively. Negative gossip has an adverse consequence on the human life.
Various strategies that can be used to cope with gossip.
In the recent years, the diagnostic possibilities have been validated through scientific research and have shown medicinal value in the diagnostics and the management of conditions associated with the gossip.
This research has shown that the awareness of the gossip has accompanied humans during the long years of our existence.
... Hartung & al. (20) emphasized that gossip is an ubiquitous phenomenon. Hearing information about others serves important social functions such as learning without direct interaction and observation. ...
... Chism (20) noticed that office gossip, power struggles, employee burnout, and short fuses are becoming more the rule than the exception in running a medical practice. The difficult conversation avoided today can turn into the lawsuit 15 years later. ...
... Yao & al. (20) emphasized that although gossip serves several important social functions, it has relatively infrequently been the topic of systematic investigation. In two experiments, a cognitiveinformational approach was advanced to gossip. ...
Gossip is idle talk or rumor, especially about the personal or private affairs of others; the act is also known as dishing or tattling.
Gossip is a topic of research in evolutionary psychology, which has found gossip to be an important means for people to monitor cooperative reputations and so maintain widespread indirect reciprocity. Indirect reciprocity is a social interaction in which one actor helps another and is then benefited by a third party. Gossip has also been identified by Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary biologist, as aiding social bonding in large groups.
The present Research deals with one Biblical verse indicating gossip "Thou shalt not go up and down as a gossiper among the people" (Leviticus 19:16).
In this research, the Biblical verse dealing with the gossip is described. Therefore, the research deals with the characteristics of the gossip, the types, the attitude, and the coping strategies.
Negative gossip has contradicting effects on newcomer job anxiety through perceived social inclusion and negative rumination, and agreeableness as a boundary condition of the effects of receiving negative gossip. Gossip mostly depletes cooperation compared to first-hand information. Negative gossip in the sharer-classmate, target-friend condition is rated most negatively. Negative gossip has an adverse consequence on the human life.
Various strategies that can be used to cope with gossip.
In the recent years, the diagnostic possibilities have been validated through scientific research and have shown medicinal value in the diagnostics and the management of conditions associated with the gossip.
This research has shown that the awareness of the gossip has accompanied humans during the long years of our existence.
... The literature also shows an interest in investigating gossip beyond the activity of behaviorally engaging in gossip behavior. Some additional criteria that have been assessed include the desire to engage in gossip behavior (Peters et al., 2017), the likelihood to relay gossip information to friends (Yao et al., 2014), individual gossip intention (Martinescu et al., 2019a), and the prevalence of perceived negative workplace gossip (Beersma & Van Kleef, 2012), indicating whether individuals perceive that their coworkers are engaging in gossip about them at work. Relatedly, Wittek and Wielers (1998) Wielers' (1998) general gossip tendency scale to operationalize their dependent variable, employees' tendency to gossip about managers. ...
... First, several papers discussed the moods or discrete emotions that individuals experience as linked to their gossiping tendencies (e.g., Feinberg et al., 2012;Wu et al., 2018). For example, Yao et al. (2014) showed that the level of perceived surprise spurred gossip in a laboratory setting, while Locklear et al. (2020) found that gratitude manipulated in the field reduced employees' reported gossiping at work. Personality characteristics can also be a contributing factor for individuals' gossip behavior. ...
... For instance, negative interpersonal dynamics (i.e., low trust, non-friendliness, infrequent contact with managers, incivility) between employees and managers A REVIEW ON WORKPLACE GOSSIP 20 have been found to nurture gossip among employees about their managers , which could be a result of perceptions of managers' psychological contract violations (Bashir et al., 2020). Yao et al. (2014) showed through two experiments that familiarity with the targets and the interest level of the gossip content predicted gossip behavior, which were mediated by the emotion, expectation, and reputation information conveyed in the gossip. ...
The workplace gossip construct is currently divergently interpreted by organizational scholars, with perceptions of its origins, functions, and impacts varying widely. In this comprehensive narrative review, we seek to provide much needed clarity around the often studied and frequently demonstrated employee behavior of workplace gossip by synthesizing gossip studies conducted during the past four decades in both the organization and psychology literatures. The first section of our review considers measures, designs, and theoretical frameworks featured in these studies. In the second section, we consolidate and integrate research findings from the extant literatures into three emerging categories of gossip antecedents (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational antecedents), four categories of gossip functions (information exchange, ego enhancement, social integration, and social segregation), and three categories of gossip consequences (consequences for gossip senders/recipients, for gossip targets, and beyond the triads). In the last section, we propose an integrative model to guide future investigations on the antecedents, functions, and consequences of workplace gossip. Our review aims to provide a clear overview of existing gossip research across the organization and psychology literatures and to highlight several important trends to open up various opportunities for future impactful workplace gossip scholarship.
... This has been variably called competence and morality (Wojciszke, 1994), competence and warmth (Fiske et al., 2007), quality and intentions (Roberts, 2015), ability and willingness to confer benefits (Barclay, 2016), and capital and character (Barker et al., 2019). The social psychological literature clearly documents that we form not only judgments of others' reputational qualities, but also expectations of others' behavior, and whether they are worthy partners for future engagement (Yao et al., 2014). ...
Research in various disciplines has highlighted that humans are uniquely able to solve the problem of cooperation through the informal mechanisms of reputation and gossip. Reputation coordinates the evaluative judgments of individuals about one another. Direct observation of actions and communication are the essential routes that are used to establish and update reputations. In large groups, where opportunities for direct observation are limited, gossip becomes an important channel to share individual perceptions and evaluations of others that can be used to condition cooperative action. Although reputation and gossip might consequently support large-scale human cooperation, four puzzles need to be resolved to understand the operation of reputation-based mechanisms. First, we need empirical evidence of the processes and content that form reputations and how this may vary cross-culturally. Second, we lack an understanding of how reputation is determined from the muddle of imperfect, biased inputs people receive. Third, coordination between individuals is only possible if reputation sharing and signaling is to a large extent reliable and valid. Communication, however, is not necessarily honest and reliable, so theoretical and empirical work is needed to understand how gossip and reputation can effectively promote cooperation despite the circulation of dishonest gossip. Fourth, reputation is not constructed in a social vacuum; hence we need a better understanding of the way in which the structure of interactions affects the efficiency of gossip for establishing reputations and fostering cooperation.
... Recently, Peng et al. (2017) demonstrated psychophysiological evidence that people are especially sensitive to judging the behavior of celebritiesmoreso than to judging the behavior of their friends or even their own. This is especially true when celebrity gossip involves reputational information (Yao, Scott, McAleer, O'Donnell, & Sereno, 2014). In other respects, motives attributed to celebrity gossip also overlap with what drives interpersonal gossip behavior: to inform, bond and entertain (De Backer, Nelissen, Vyncke, Braeckman, & McAndrew, 2007). ...
Previous research suggests that gossip serves several functions in regulating group dynamics (e.g. bonding, entertainment) and is preferentially used by prosocial individuals to protect the group from exploitation. However, it is still unclear what mechanisms underlie these functions and compel prosocial people to gossip. Because gossip provides information about the attitudes and moral views of an interaction partner we hypothesized that for prosocial individuals it functions as a cue that enables trust to be established, even among strangers. We conducted an experiment with 122 female participants who did not know each other prior to the study. They were asked to gossip about celebrities (the most likely form of gossip between strangers) or perform a creativity task for 20 min in pairs before playing a trust game. Participants were categorized as prosocial or proself based on their social value orientation (SVO). To additionally test if the effect of gossip on trust differs in real-life interactions and online, participants interacted either face-to-face or online. The results show that, irrespective of the environment, prosocial women trusted their interaction partners more after gossiping, whereas proself women trusted their partners less.
... Over the past 50 years, anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, and philosophers have analyzed gossip (see Bertolotti & Magnani, 2014) using a variety of research methods. However, most of the studies on gossip tend to be quantitative studies, where researchers define gossip as "positive or negative information exchanged about an absent third party" (Bertolotti & Magnani, 2014;Cole & Scrivener, 2013;Farley, 2011;Foster, 2004;Grosser, Lopez-Kidwell, & Labianca, 2010;Martinescu, Janssen, & Nijstad, 2014;McAndrew, 2014;Yao, Scott, McAleer, O'Donnell, & Sereno, 2014). Researchers often break down the notion of gossip into finite variables or categories. ...
... Who we gossip with (Wittek & Wielers, 1998), and why we gossip (Martinescu et al., 2014;McAndrew, 2014) were all objects of study. The function of gossip was also broken down into several categories: to protect the group from a norm violation (Baumeister et al., 2004;Beersma & Van Kleef, 2012), to gather information (Foster, 2004;Giardini, 2012), to influence (Beersma & Van Kleef, 2012) or to entertain (Foster, 2004;Yao et al., 2014). ...
In this paper, I explored how to research a sensitive topic such as gossip in organizations and used a narrative approach to illustrate the methodological and ethical issues that come up when considering a variety of research methods. I first attempted to conduct an ethnographic research on a project group from a Dutch university undergoing a major change. At the very beginning of the project, as a participant observer, I struggled to remain an outsider, or a “fly on the wall.” But as issues of power came into play and access became increasingly problematic, I moved towards the role of an “observing participant.” Therefore, in order to research gossip and some of the hidden dimensions of organizational life, I turned to auto- and selfethnography as a way to regain access and greater authenticity. While following this route presented its share of ethical and methodological issues, it also provided valuable insights that could be of value to researchers attempting to study sensitive topics such as gossip in organizations.
... Multi-stakeholder experiences are understood as the experiences generated by stakeholders who are affected by business relationships with enterprises or their brands (MacMillan et al., 2005;Mahon & Wartick, 2012). Depending on the familiarity and interest of stakeholders resulting from their experience, there will be greater or lesser impact or social reaction to the company, and thus a more or less favourable predisposition toward it (Tennie, Frith & Frith, 2010;Yao et al., 2014;Ijzerman, Janssen & Coan, 2015). Multi-stakeholder experiences can include material or immaterial benefits received by the brands (McDonald, Chernatony & Harris, 2001); communication between the brand and stakeholders (Duncan & Moriarty, 1997); trust behaviours of the brand in the past; and a company's commitment to its stakeholders (Conway & Briner, 2002). ...
The reputation of companies within the transport industry is influenced by competitive dynamics within the sector: low-cost flights, the attractiveness of destinations, online user-generated content about users’ experiences, and more. At the same time, social media provides a means for companies to manage issues of tourism intangibles. Thus, it is relevant to analyse transport reputation in the digital environment, taking into consideration the resources for managing these intangibles. This paper presents a method for measuring transport reputation based on an analysis of tourism consumers’ digital opinions and passengers’ comments about their experiences with these firms. The use of social media, such as TripAdvisor and Facebook, conjugated with business intelligence tools and complemented by data mining techniques, can contribute to the development of metrics that consider intangibles like emotions and experiences, with the aim of measuring, analysing, and visualizing the complex relationships between these intangibles and transport companies’ reputations. The results present the impacts of these intangibles through clusters and positioning maps focusing on these issues. This investigation contributes to our knowledge about airlines and terrestrial transport companies that seek to differentiate their positioning in tourism markets through their reputations.
Gossip is a significant public health problem. What are the characteristics of gossips? What is the meaning of gossip? What is the etymology? Functions? What is the evolutionary view? Is workplace gossip prevalent? What are the perceptions of gossipers? What are the types of gossips? How is the gossip managed?
In this research, the Biblical verses concerning the gossip are evaluated. Therefore, the research deals with various aspects of gossips.
The Research shows that the awareness if the gossips has accompanied human during the long years of our existence.
The range of studies that has been conducted on the role of gossip in organizations suggests that gossip in the workplace plays a variety of important roles in organisational processes. However, relatively few studies have explored its role in intercultural situations. This is surprising given how organisations are becoming increasingly diverse. This paper addresses this gap in the literature. It reports on an exploratory project that sought to determine how perceptions of organisational gossip vary between members of different cultural groups. Using a sensemaking, interpretative approach, we showed two gossip scenarios to 8 Chinese, 8 German and 8 Dutch first year students, and conducted semi structured interviews, asking them how they perceived the nature of the gossip, the gossiper and the object of gossip (i.e., the person being gossiped about). After analysing the data with ATLAS.ti, we observed certain patterns emerging. For example, while all students condemned a manager's bad behaviour, the Chinese students seemed to expect it more than did their Dutch or German counterparts. Moreover, we found that the relationship and amount of trust that exists between the gossiper, listener and object of gossip greatly influenced how the gossiper and object of gossip were perceived. After reflecting on our research methodology, this study sets the stage for the next phase of our research on the role of gossip in intercultural situations.
