(A). Sagittal section of the pelvis. (B) Detail of sagittal section of the pelvis. A. Gluteus maximus muscle (GlM) expansions (black arrow) to the proximal attachment of the hamstrings Fig. 1 (PAHM) and retinaculum. Ischial tuberosity (IsT). 

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... transverse, sagittal and coronal anatomical cross- sections revealed the presence of an annular-like structure that encompassed the PAHM confirming the findings of the detail dissection. In addition, fascial expansions were observed from the anterior aspect of the gluteus maximus epimysium to the annular- like structure (Fig. ...

Context 2

... is well known that the proximal attachment of long head of biceps femoris is the most frequently injured tissue in the hamstring muscle complex ( Woods et al., 2004;Thelen et al., 2005;Brooks et al., 2006;Thelen et al., 2006;Askling et al., 2007b). The anatomical and histological findings of the current study could suggest a role for the described retinaculum in injuries to the proximal hamstring muscle complex specifically in the common injuries to the tendon of the long head of the biceps femoris. The long head of biceps femoris muscle and the semitendinosus muscle have a proximal common tendon however the long head of the biceps femoris has a stronger adherence to the retinaculum compared to the adherence of the semitendinosus muscle to the retinaculum (Fig. 6). Therefore a shear stress during muscle contraction could act on the PAHM and may explain the high injury rate of the proximal attachment of long head of biceps femoris. Moreover, the gluteus maximus fascial connections, which are su- perficial and perpendicular to the retinaculum (Fig. 4) could also play a role in the aforementioned injury mechanism of the long head of biceps ...