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(A) SEM image of pure PANI. (B) EDX pattern of pure PANI nanorods. (C) SEM image of PANI–Ag core–shell nanorods. (D) EDX pattern of PANI–Ag core–shell nanorods.
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A single-step, cost-effective and eco-safe synthesis of a new class of homogeneous silver-polyaniline (PANI-Ag) core-shell nanorods is carried out via mild photolysis by ultraviolet radiation from sunlight (SUN UV-radiation). X-ray diffraction (XRD) of these core-shell nanorods gives two additional peaks from PANI centered at 2θ = 20.5° and 24. 9°....
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... which is schematically depicted in Fig. 2D. From this hybrid- ization assumption, it is predicted that the primary plasmons of Ag nanoparticles and PANI will be changed by the interactions between the free photoelectrons in the SIEB states, leading to mixing, splitting, and shifts of the plasmon energies, giving the PL peak at 432 nm. Fig. 3A shows the SEM image of the PANI synthesized in the same polymerization condition but without using AgNO 3 . The morphology of the PANI obtained shows, primarily, short nanorods. The EDX pattern as shown in Fig. 3B reveals the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which confirms PANI formation. Fig. 3C shows that the PANI-Ag ...
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... photoelectrons in the SIEB states, leading to mixing, splitting, and shifts of the plasmon energies, giving the PL peak at 432 nm. Fig. 3A shows the SEM image of the PANI synthesized in the same polymerization condition but without using AgNO 3 . The morphology of the PANI obtained shows, primarily, short nanorods. The EDX pattern as shown in Fig. 3B reveals the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which confirms PANI formation. Fig. 3C shows that the PANI-Ag core-shell nano- structures have a tubular shape with nanorod structures. These tubular nanorods have been explored as application-oriented materials due to unique characteristics originating from this particular ...
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... energies, giving the PL peak at 432 nm. Fig. 3A shows the SEM image of the PANI synthesized in the same polymerization condition but without using AgNO 3 . The morphology of the PANI obtained shows, primarily, short nanorods. The EDX pattern as shown in Fig. 3B reveals the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which confirms PANI formation. Fig. 3C shows that the PANI-Ag core-shell nano- structures have a tubular shape with nanorod structures. These tubular nanorods have been explored as application-oriented materials due to unique characteristics originating from this particular morphology. Functionalization of such tubular ...
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... View Online nanorods allows a wide range of different designs and allows precise dimensional control through elaboration of molecular building blocks, thereby giving an opportunity for the fabrica- tion of low-dimensional, soft materials with a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic properties. 20 EDX patterns of PANI-Ag Fig. 3D reveal the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen along with Ag, which indicates the successful preparation of PANI-Ag core-shell nanorods. The diameters of PANI nanorods (Fig. 4A) range from 40 to 80 nm and the lengths range from 100 to 300 nm whereas the diameters of PANI-Ag core-shell nanorods (Fig. 4B) range from 60 to 100 nm, ...
Citations
... The materialisation of cluster formation in abundance was also obtained for PANI molecules. These afore-mentioned traits were the common factors of occurrence that were generally associated with the synthesis process applied for production of PANI nano-powders, i.e. chemical oxidation polymerisation process [70,[101][102][103]. For PC2 and PC3, the presence of CdO nano-powders were also visible because of the distinct structured shape morphology as compared to the irregular shape of PANI. ...
In the paperwork, Polyaniline (PANI) and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nano-powders were synthesised using oxidative polymerisation and sol–gel auto-combustion methods, respectively. The samples were studied with varying compositions; PC1 [PANI, 1:0], PC2 [PANI + CdO, 1:1], PC3 [PANI + CdO, 1:2], and PC4 [CdO, 0:1]. There was a steady growth observed in the values for the current–voltage (I–V) plot and these were obtained in the small-scale voltage range, which implied its application areas in lower-voltage varistor industries. Varistors act as surge suppressors that protects the circuits against excessive transient voltages safeguarding the devices and appliances. Varistor market has seen a rise in the demand for metal oxide varistors (MOV) that are eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable. Furthermore, the necessity to obtain efficient and quality varistor has led to the need of the development of advanced technologies for their fabrications, such as blockchain, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies are being used to develop varistors that are capable of surpassing the already existing conventional varistors. The said market also deals with essential properties, such as size, scope, share, potential prospects, and growth of the varistor industry.
... [30] Various morphologies of Ag have been used for designing H 2 O 2 sensors such as AgNPs, [31] nanobelts, [32] nanodendrites, [33] and nanorods. [34] Oneand two-dimensional Ag-nanostructures attracted significant research attention through the last decade. The intrinsic properties of 1D and 2D based materials such as Ag nanosheets [35] and Ag nanowires [36] ascertain highly specific surface with a favored electronic transmission, electron diffusion, high conductivity, high surface-tovolume, and atomic contact to Ag-atoms. ...
The design of potential nanosensors based on nanometric metals have been widely used for screening of various biomolecules and agents. One-dimension (1D) silver nanowires (AgNWs) construction were synthesized by the polyol method and employed to detect of H2O2. The addition of various Ag-source (AgNO3) concentrations of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 M lead to form of different AgNWs diameter of 0.05, 0.137, and 0.27 μm, respectively. The sensing property and elec- trochemical activity were enhanced with the decreasing of the AgNWs diameter, and followed the order of AgNWs0.05> AgNWs0.137> AgNWs0.27. Moreover, the morphological structure of good desperation, long wire length, and 1D orientation play a key role in the electrocatalytic efficiency of the designed electrodes.
The facile diffusion of electron/molecules inner/outer the surface, the high volume to mass ratio ascertain the highly efficient electrocatalyst with high stability.
AgNWs0.05, as an electrode surface, ascertains nonenzymatic sensors to detect
H2O2 with high stability, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and reasonable reproducibility. The detection limit was low as 0.05 μM with a wide linear range of up to 1075 μM. Also, AgNWs0.05 shows a highly selective sensor for detecting H2O2 in complex mediums such as milk samples with a high recovery of 99.5-100%. Therefore, the AgNWs0.05 can be used to detect H2O2 in various complex samples such as milk.
... 9 Polyaniline (PANI) between these polymers that showing great promises in this field owing to its feature properties, including low cost, good processability, high pseudo-capacitance, agile weight, high charge density, easy preparation, moderate electrical conductivity, and unusual doping/dedoping chemistry. [10][11][12][13] Moreover, PANI also provides higher specific capacitance due to multi-electron redox reactions. 14,15 Although conducting polymer (PANI) has several outstanding advantages of supercapacitors applications, these materials still suffer from low stability during the charge/discharge operation and weak mechanical properties. ...
Herein, Polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline/silver oxide/silver (PANI/Ag 2 O-Ag) nanocomposite were synthesized using a photopolymerization method. The functional group, structural, surface morphology, and optical properties of the samples were revealed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray dif-fraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy techniques, respectively. XRD confirm the structure of the PANI with Ag 2 O-Ag. These nanoparticles appeared in porous shapes over PANI as indicated by SEM images that gave the composites the mushroom shapes. The composite is a promising electrode for the symmetric supercapacitor with high efficiency capacitance. This capacitance is calculated under different electro-lyte that is, NaOH, NaCl, Na 2 S 2 O 3 , and HCl, where the charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry curve were studied under these electrolytes. The electro-chemical properties of the PANI/Ag 2 O-Ag nanocomposite as supercapacitor electrode materials were investigated using different electrolytes. The results confirm that the specific capacitance values are dependent on the types of the electrolytes, in which Na 2 S 2 O 3 and HCl have the optimum values of 160 and 145.2 F/g, respectively at 0.4 A.g À1. Moreover, the values of energy density were 122.2 and 20.08 W h kg À1 , respectively. The results also reveal that the capacitor has high stability with a very small loss in capacitance retention. This study proposes that PANI/Ag 2 O-Ag are a promising material as an electrode for high-performance supercapacitors that can be applicable in the industrial field soon. K E Y W O R D S electrochemical properties, electrolytes, polyaniline, specific capacitance
... In addition, the PANI and NiS-PANI nanocomposites shows a hyperchormic effect which means that absorption intensity is increased. However, for the NiS, PANI indicates the characteristic peaks at 412 and 380 were blue-shifted to 394, 390 and 388 nm due to the reduction in nanoscale and also due to the absorption of NiS nanoparticles over those of PANI [27]. The relation between the optical absorption coefficient hm and the photon energy was given by Mott and Davis [28] as a(hm) = B(hm -Eg)/hm, where B is the constant dependent on the Transition Probability, h is the Plank Constant, i is Frequency of Radiation then Eg is the Optical Energy Band Gap. ...
The nickel sulphide (NiS) nanoparticles were synthesised by microwave-assisted-solvothermal method, pure Polyaniline (PANI) and Polyaniline with NiS (NiS–PANI) were synthesized at various weight percentages of NiS such as 1%, 5% and 15% by the oxidation polymerization method. The XRD pattern of NiS nanoparticles confirmed the formation of hexagonal structure, and its particle size was estimated by the Debye–Scherrer formula as 19 nm. The UV–visible absorption spectra recorded 200–1200 nm wavelength region and the bandgap was calculated from Tauc Plot. The morphology of PANI and NiS–PANI composites were observed as non-homogenous and agglomerated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The FTIR spectra confirm the functional groups of the synthesized materials. The LCZ parameters were measured with the frequency of (1 Hz (hertz)–1 MHz (megahertz)) at room temperature was carried out, and the dielectric loss, dielectric constant, modulus plot and AC conductivity parameters were calculated for synthesized materials.
... In particular, the conducting polymer (Polyaniline) has shown great promises of several applications, e.g., cellular telephones, light-emitting devices, sensors, supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, television sets, electromagnetic shielding, and microelectronic devices [2,3]. And this due to unique electrical and optical properties, easy preparation, low cost, and high stability against ambient environment [4]. Moreover, polyaniline also possesses a high absorption coefficient and elevated charge carrier's mobility, which promotes utilizing it in the visible range [5]. ...
In this work, the solution cast method was used to synthesize PVA/PANI/Ag nanocomposite films. Subsequently, the PVA/PANI/Ag films have been irradiated using oxygen ion beam irradiation fluence (8x1017, 16x1017, and 24x1017 ions/cm2). The effect of ion irradiation on the crystal structure and functional groups of PVA/PANI/Ag films was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) respectively. Additionally, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to reveal the change in surface morphology of the irradiated films. The optical band gap and Urbach energy of the unirradiated and irradiated PVA/PANI/Ag films have been determined by employing Tauc’s relation. Furthermore, the linear optical parameters, including extinction coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant, and loss have been deduced. Besides, the dispersion parameters of the studied films were computed by Wemple and Di-Domenico model. Additionally, non-linear optical susceptibility and non-linear refractive index have been calculated for the unirradiated and irradiated films. The reported results show that the irradiated film by 24x1017 ions/cm2 is considered the best for non-linear optical applications and more convenient to the optoelectronic device.
... It can be seen the presence of all elements constituting the PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposite, i.e., (Co, Fe, O, Mo, S, and Ag) are verified by their presence with stoichiometric ratios. Also, the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) elements are appeared, which confirms PANi formation [47]. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the EDX is a rough procedure for deciding the elements in the samples, but it is incapable of identifying light elements such as lithium ions (Li) [48]. ...
Synthesis and production of proper photocatalysts are urgently needed for attending to critical environmental problems. Herein, the gamma irradiation-induced the synthesis of PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposite as a magnetic recyclable photocatalyst for water remediation application. The XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful preparation of the nanostructured PANi, LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 , Ag, and MoS 2. At the same time, the HR-TEM images display the nanostructure formation of the PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 photocatalyst. In addition , the optical and magnetic properties of the photocatalyst were addressed. The optical band gap reached about of 1.60, 1.04, 1.61, and 1.08 eV for Li-Co ferrite, MoS 2 , PANi, and the PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 samples, respectively. Also, the PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposite possesses a saturation magnetiza-tion of 5.8 emu/g, suggesting that the photocatalyst can be easily separated from the solution by an applied magnetic field. Further, the PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 photocatalyst showed an excellent photocatalytic efficiency against bisphenol A (82% removal efficiency). Furthermore, the PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 photo-catalyst displayed an exceptional antimicrobial potential towards pathogenic microbes. This study indicated that the PANi/Ag/MoS 2 /LiCo 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposite is an attractive candidate for wastewater treatment.
... [30] Various morphologies of Ag have been used for designing H 2 O 2 sensors such as AgNPs, [31] nanobelts, [32] nanodendrites, [33] and nanorods. [34] Oneand two-dimensional Ag-nanostructures attracted significant research attention through the last decade. The intrinsic properties of 1D and 2D based materials such as Ag nanosheets [35] and Ag nanowires [36] ascertain highly specific surface with a favored electronic transmission, electron diffusion, high conductivity, high surface-tovolume, and atomic contact to Ag-atoms. ...
The design of potential nanosensors based on nanometric metals have been widely used for screening of various biomolecules and agents. One‐dimension (1D) silver nanowires (AgNWs) construction were synthesized by the polyol method and employed to detect of H2O2. The addition of various Ag‐source (AgNO3) concentrations of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 M lead to form of different AgNWs diameter of 0.05, 0.137, and 0.27 μm, respectively. The sensing property and electrochemical activity were enhanced with the decreasing of the AgNWs diameter, and followed the order of AgNWs0.05> AgNWs0.137> AgNWs0.27. Moreover, the morphological structure of good desperation, long wire length, and 1D orientation play a key role in the electrocatalytic efficiency of the designed electrodes. The facile diffusion of electron/molecules inner/outer the surface, the high volume to mass ratio ascertain the highly efficient electrocatalyst with high stability. AgNWs0.05, as an electrode surface, ascertains nonenzymatic sensors to detect H2O2 with high stability, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and reasonable reproducibility. The detection limit was low as 0.05 μM with a wide linear range of up to 1075 μM. Also, AgNWs0.05 shows a highly selective sensor for detecting H2O2 in complex mediums such as milk samples with a high recovery of 99.5‐100%. Therefore, the AgNWs0.05 can be used to detect H2O2 in various complex samples such as milk.
... This modifies the properties of the resulting NCP and allows it to be suitable candidate for different applications [4]. Polyaniline (PANI) is a talented polymer due to its remarkable properties and stability [5]. It is useful in electrical and microelectronic fields [6]. ...
... [30] Various morphologies of Ag have been used for designing H 2 O 2 sensors such as AgNPs, [31] nanobelts, [32] nanodendrites, [33] and nanorods. [34] Oneand two-dimensional Ag-nanostructures attracted significant research attention through the last decade. The intrinsic properties of 1D and 2D based materials such as Ag nanosheets [35] and Ag nanowires [36] ascertain highly specific surface with a favored electronic transmission, electron diffusion, high conductivity, high surface-tovolume, and atomic contact to Ag-atoms. ...
... The PA/C/ITO shows basically two oxidation and two reduction peaks whereas PA/ITO showed one oxidation and one reduction peaks in the CVs. In CV, PANI demonstrates multiple redox transition depending on type of substrate/electrode composition, electrolytes, scan rate [64][65][66]. The redox peaks for the PA/C/ITO and PA/ITO were assigned to the pseudocapacitive behavior of PANI due to redox transitions. ...
Due to their combined performance of faradic reaction and electrostatic charge accumulation mechanisms, composites of carbon and conductive polymers are prominent supercapacitor electrodes. However, low-cost efficient carbon materials to couple with conductive polymer remain a challenge for supercapacitor applications. Here, we report the fabrication of heteroatoms (Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Fe, and N)-enriched hierarchical porous carbon by directly pyrolyzing the filaments of Pithophora polymorpha without chemical activation and successive electrodeposition of polyaniline on the prepared carbon. The resulting composite was used as a supercapacitor electrode that showed pseudocapacitor behavior (i.e., redox-based cyclic voltammograms), a high areal capacitance of 176 mF/cm² at 1 mA/cm², and maintained 95% of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge/discharge cycles. The composite electrode was capable to supply high energy density of 24.5 μWh/cm² corresponding to a high-power density of 500 μW/cm². The advanced capabilities of the composite electrode towards high-performance electrochemical energy storage may be attributed to the unique redox-active behavior of polyaniline, the active framework of porous heteroatoms-enriched hierarchical carbon, and improved electrical conductivity of the composite. This approach may provide a promising avenue to develop high-performance composite electrodes for supercapacitors from scalable, biological, and inexpensive biomass precursors, Pithophora polymorpha.
