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A Panel diagram shows subsurface geologic depth model for a part of the study area from the boreholes where the surface elevation is illustrated by contour lines and the location of the seismic profiles and the drilled wells are illustrated. Locations of the correlated boreholes are shown in Figure 2.
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Determination of the dynamic geotechnical properties and Vs30 of soil and rocks from seismic wave velocities serves as essential inputs for a foundation design cognizant of seismic site response and rock strength. This study evaluates a site which was suggested for a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in El-Dabaa area, north western coast of Egypt. On the n...
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Context 1
... composed mainly of limestone of different ages from Pleistocene to Miocene in the south. These ridges are cut with wadis filled with loamy deposits, except between the first ridge (in the north) and second ridge the wadis were filled by Sabkha (lagoon) deposits (Fig. 2), [4,5]. The shallow subsurface succession in the study area is illustrated in Fig. ...
Context 2
... boreholes findings with good depth agreement. The correlation illustrate that the three layers obtained from the seismic models more or less equivalent to the boreholes models in the surface and the third layer (oolitic limestone) but the intermediate layer in the seismic models is classified into two or more thin beds in the boreholes models (Fig. ...
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... ridges are cut with wadis filled with loamy deposits, except between the first ridge (in the north) and second ridge the wadi filled by Sabkha (lagoon) deposits (Fig.3), (Abu El Ella, 1987, 1992). The shallow subsurface succession in the study area is illustrated in Figure 4. ...
Context 4
... models from seismic profiles were correlated with the drilled boreholes findings with good depth agreement. The correlation illustrate that the three layers obtained from the seismic models more or less equivalent to the boreholes models in the surface and the third layer (oolitic limestone) but the intermediate layer in the seismic models is classified into two or more thin beds in the boreholes models (Fig.4) (Figs.7 and 8). ...
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The main objective of this paper aims to estimate the geotechnical parameters necessary for engineering constructions. For this purpose, thirty flat seismic refraction profiles were carried out in the study area northeast of New Minia City to describe the geotechnical properties of the subsoil for construction purposes. Both compressional (P) and s...
Twelve seismic refraction profiles were acquired along the western side of Gulf of Suez, Egypt, in order to identify the shallow subsurface geological features of the near-surface section, detect the subsurface layers that make construction problems such as: limestone cavities, clay and sabkha layers, and study the engineering properties of subsurf...
Citations
... Low-cost noninvasive geophysical methods have recently proven their effectiveness in resolving targets related to engineering problems. Geophysical methods such as seismic refraction, multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and geoelectrical methods have long been used to delineate shallow features of interest in engineering applications (e.g., Ballard and Mclean 1975;Sharma 1997;Rucker and Holmquist 2006;Rucker and Fergason 2006;Al-Saigh and Al-Heety 2013;Shaaban et al. 2013;Ólafsdóttir 2016;Abudeif et al. 2017;Adewoyin et al. 2017;Pilecki et al. 2017;Karabulut 2018;Allo et al. 2019;Butchibabu et al. 2019). The seismic refraction method is a common low-cost geophysical technique to investigate the subsurface and is characterized by its high efficiency for shallow target investigations (Hatherly 1982;Lankston 1990;Sheriff and Geldart 1995;Palmer 2001;Palmer et al. 2005;Whiteley and Eccleston 2006;Zhigulev and Patrikeev 2007;Sloan et al. 2015;Brixová et al. 2018). ...
... Low-cost noninvasive geophysical methods have recently proven their effectiveness in resolving targets related to engineering problems. Geophysical methods such as seismic refraction, multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and geoelectrical methods have long been used to delineate shallow features of interest in engineering applications (e.g., Ballard and Mclean 1975;Sharma 1997;Rucker and Holmquist 2006;Rucker and Fergason 2006;Al-Saigh and Al-Heety 2013;Shaaban et al. 2013;Ólafsdóttir 2016;Abudeif et al. 2017;Adewoyin et al. 2017;Pilecki et al. 2017;Karabulut 2018;Allo et al. 2019;Butchibabu et al. 2019). The seismic refraction method is a common low-cost geophysical technique to investigate the subsurface and is characterized by its high efficiency for shallow target investigations (Hatherly 1982;Lankston 1990;Sheriff and Geldart 1995;Palmer 2001;Palmer et al. 2005;Whiteley and Eccleston 2006;Zhigulev and Patrikeev 2007;Sloan et al. 2015;Brixová et al. 2018). ...
The shallow seismic methods, including seismic refraction and 1D MASW, were used to investigate the shallow soil in the vicinity of five damaged building blocks in the village of El-Kalaheen. These building blocks exhibited structural problems including cracks, fissures and displacements between neighboring buildings. The results of both methods show that the shallow subsurface consists of two layers: a surface layer of loose sands, gravels, silts and clays and a compacted sandy clay layer that forms the bedrock in the area. The resulting seismic velocities were used to calculate the geotechnical parameters of the two layers, including Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, material index and N-value. In addition, the shear wave velocities resulting from the 1D MASW method were used to calculate the average Vs30 in the site. The calculated values of the geotechnical parameters show a gradual increase in the competence of the upper layer from fairly competent and loose in the south of the area to competent and denser in the north. The geotechnical parameters of the bedrock also show an increase from moderately competent in the south to denser and more competent in the north. Possible zones of weakness are also observed in the southern part of the site. The calculated Vs30 indicates a site with stiff soil classification.
... There are various case studies where collaborative geophysical approaches have been used such as refraction, MASW, and ERT for geotechnical site evaluation (Abudeif et al., 2017;El-Moghazy, 2017;Fat-Helbary et al, 2019a, 2019bHamed, 2019;Mohammed et al., 2018) and landslide detection (Grit & Kanli, 2016) in addition to dam safety research Pure Appl. Geophys. ...
The Egyptian government has been constructing several new cities in recent years to accommodate the rapidly growing population. One of these cities is located in the western extension of New Aswan City. The primary goal of this study is to identify the dynamic engineering properties of underlying rocks by analysis of compressional and shear-wave velocities. Additionally, the Vs 30 for site classification has been estimated to delineate the potential likely causes of structural building damages. Engineering features and several significant elastic moduli were assessed. The proposed site consists of two geoseismic units: the upper layer is composed of gravel, friable sands, and sandstone in some places, while the second layer is characterized by stiff sandstone with clay intercalations. They are low-to high-competence rock, respectively. By applying the NEHRP's guidelines, Vs 30 was estimated for near-surface geologic units. Consequently, the defined site was split into two categories: type C, which describes the major part of the area, and class B (rigid rock). In addition, to evaluate the site effects, the soil amplification and site natural period have been estimated to avoid any probable impact of the interactions between the soil and structure. The soil conditions of the study area tend to form a possible danger for one to three story structures during any possible earthquake. In conclusion, the estimated geotechnical characteristics and site classification principally act as a key for seismic site evaluation, which will utilize as input parameters for civil construction purposes.
... Shallow seismic refraction is an efficient method for quickly identifying the geotechnical parameters in engineering and construction projects (Almalki et al., 2011;Khalil and Hanafy, 2016;Khorshid, 2016;Abudeif et al., 2017;Adewoyin et al., 2017;Shebl et al., 2019;Momoh et al., 2020;Ghanem et al., 2021). The ground's soil is the only building material with more changeable engineering and physical characteristics that vary both laterally and vertically (Bowles, 1982). ...
... As a combined result of the above, based on the results of this work and other previous geotechnical works (Almalki et al., 2011;Khalil and Hanafy, 2016;Khorshid, 2016;Abudeif et al., 2017;Adewoyin et al., 2017;Shebl et al., 2019;Momoh et al., 2020;Ghanem et al., 2021;Basheer and Salama, 2022), It can be found that there is a direct relation between the concentration index, material index, and N value for being low for low competent material and increase as it becomes more competent. Inversely, the stress ratio, Poisson's ratio, and density gradient values are high for low competent material and decrease as it becomes more competent. ...
The seismic refraction tomography (SRT) method, which is environmentally compatible was used to evaluate the in situ geotechnical properties of rocks in El Alamein, a new city of northwestern Egypt. SRT data were obtained along nine profiles. The results of primary wave velocities (Vp), which are 400 to 1000 m/sec for the first layer, 700 to 1250 m/sec for the second layer, and 550 to 1150 m/sec for the third layer, and secondary wave velocities (Vs), which are 150 to 330 m/sec for the first layer, 230 to 430 m/sec for the second layer, and 170 to 390 m/sec for the third layer, were correlated with the data extracted from nine boreholes drilled within the study area. The elastic moduli (kinetic rigidity, modulus, young modulus, and bulk modulus) and the geotechnical characteristics like Poisson’s ratio, stress ratio index, concentration index, material index, N value, density gradient, and bearing capacity of the foundation materials were calculated from the propagation velocities of the different types of seismic waves. These elements were combined to determine the most suitable site for construction. The area can be categorized based on cohesive layer thickness, soil cohesion from geotechnical properties, and proximity to test wells into two regions: (1) unfit for construction due to weak soil cohesion caused by seawater intrusion and thin buildable layers, (2) suitable for construction at one or two levels, with strong soil cohesion, thicker buildable layers, and less noticeable seawater interference.
... In hilly terrain area, access will be difficult for the coring technique which involves time, energy and cost constraint, Xiao et al. (2016). However, the seismic refraction method can boost the conventional geotechnical investigation at the slope area to obtain the parameters needed for slope stability analysis in contrast to laboratory testing, Abudeif et al. (2017). The seismic refraction method will give information on slope layers which will be estimated based on wave velocities. ...
The impacts of climate change which include flooding, erosion, drought, etc. are felt in a profound way in the health, agricultural, education and socio-economic sectors of Nigeria. Through literature review and participant observation, it has been discovered that there is an urgent need to educate communities and institutions about climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for sustainable development and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. This
study identified climate change education as very vital for preparing individuals, communities and institutions for climate
change impacts and to learn the adaptation and mitigation strategies needed to address poverty and ensure sustainable
livelihoods and economic growth in Nigeria. This study also highlights the green entrepreneurial opportunities in climate
change adaptation and mitigation which have the capacity to provide employment for many youths in Nigeria thereby
addressing poverty and helping to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study further seeks to
draw the attention of policy makers in government, private sectors, non-governmental organizations and educational
institutions in Nigeria to the climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in addressing poverty and enhancing
sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
KEYWORDS: Adaptation, Climate Change, Education, Mitigation, Sustainable Development.
... Geological, geotechnical and seismological factors are very important to consider during the site selection stage for an NPP installation [70], because these factors significantly impact the operational security risks of the NPP [71]. The surface geology of the site location must pay attention to areas that have fault lines at or near the location and volcanic areas [72,73]. Sensitive projects such as nuclear power plants are always the target of enemy attacks or terrorist acts. ...
In terms of planning aspect, nuclear power plant (NPP) development needs analyses, consideration, and right decision making due to multi criteria involved. This study prioritizes the best site development of Indonesian NPPs in terms of 21 social, economic, and technical perspectives which comprise transmission network, operating cost, economic impact, geology, geotechnic, seismology, population density, environment, cooling water, meteorology, hydrology, proximity to hazardous facilities, topography, land use, proximity to wetland, evacuation route, security, transportation network, legal consideration, impact of tourism, land ownership, historical places, and public acceptance, all identified to be considerations for the best sites. Two Fuzzy algorithms (Chang's Extent Analysis and Buckley's Fuzzy AHP) were used to determine the criteria priorities as well as NPP site feasibility of two locations in Indonesia. The results found that geology, geotechnic, and seismology (SA1); security (SO1), population density (SA2), environment (SA3), and cooling water (SA4) had the highest priorities among the 21 criteria. Based on the 5 top priority criteria, West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces serve as the best candidates for the NPP sites. Such an innovative and novel multi criteria Fuzzy AHP – based decision making (MCDM) approach has been proven to become a useful reference to select NPP sites in Indonesia.
... In general Si tends to be higher for finer soil compared to coarser soil and is high in loose and cohesionless soil. The density gradient, Di, represents an increase in bulk density under tectonic stress [1] and is related to the degree of consolidation settlement [27]. Equation (9) displays the expression of Di, and its calculation requires the value of Vp and Vs. ...
... Table 3 shows a summary of equations for the determination of the competence scale. [25,29] Stress ratio, Si [27,29] Density gradient, Di ...
... where Vs= S-wave velocity Vp= P-wave velocity [25,27] The zonation map of the study area was visualised based on the elastic moduli and competence scale measurement of the soil. The map displays the spatial distribution of potential hazards. ...
... Another research looked at a possible NPP site in the El-Dabaa region of Egypt's northwestern coast. The dynamic properties of shallow soil for NPP construction were described using seismic refraction profiles of 91 shallow P-and S-waves spread across the study region, as well as data from 76 boreholes [62]. The site evaluation processes in the United States, France, and India were also summarized and evaluated. ...
Energy savings are a key issue in modern society. Nuclear energy may be a solution to provide clean power. Nuclear power plants (NPPs) use nuclear fission to generate electricity. There are numerous challenges to overcome for successful implementation of NPPs. This study presents an up-to-date overview of the principal research topics and trends within the NPP research domain, with the purpose of identifying opportunities and obstacles in NPP projects. Some of the challenges, including technological challenges, economic challenges, institutional/governance challenges, and social challenges, are examined, and the future of NPPs is discussed, including (i) the history of NPPs; (ii) the benefits of NPPs; (iii) major challenges in NPP construction; (iv) a review of the current state of the art for implementing NPPs; (v) the most important opportunity for implementing NPPs; (vi) the economics (life cycle costing) of nuclear energy; (vii) a comparison of NPP and renewable energy operations; (viii) different operational constraints for NPPs compared to other power plants; and (ix) nuclear energy for sustainable development. Issues in NPP construction and possible solutions are also addressed.
... The absence of any of these parameters decreases the accuracy and reliability of the study. However, the seismic refraction method can boost the conventional geotechnical investigation of the slope area to obtain accurate parameters needed for slope stability analysis in contrast to laboratory testing (Abudeif et al., 2017). The seismic refraction method will give information on slope layers which will be estimated based on wave velocities. ...
This study integrates seismic refraction technique (SRT) and laboratory test technique (LTT) methods in order to evaluates the slope stability characteristics of the sedimentary rocks at Mary-Slessor Secondary School, South-South, Nigeria. The integrated approach was adopted to investigate the material strength, soil resistivity and delineate optimal slopes with regards to the factor of safety (FOS). Three layers were delineated in the field analysis, the velocity and resistivity of the first, second and third layers range from (460.5-1050) m/s and (850-1220) Ωm at 5.61 m depth, (1705-2100) m/s, (560-650) Ωm at 7.20 m, and (2000-2500) m/s, (330-450) Ωm at 13.3 m respectively. The elastic parameters obtained from SRT and LTT ranged from (1.1-2021.1) kN/m 2 and (1.2-2270) kN/m 2. The result revealed the material's strengths of the third layer formation with a high velocity and low resistivity being optimally stable with regards to FOS.
... Metode geofisika yang digunakan adalah pengukuran seismik refraksi. Pengunaan seismik refraksi untuk pekerjaan geoteknik telah dilakukan pada beberapa penelitian [10]- [13]. Studi kandidat tapak PLTN menggunakan seismik refraksi telah dilakukan di Mesir [10]. ...
... Pengunaan seismik refraksi untuk pekerjaan geoteknik telah dilakukan pada beberapa penelitian [10]- [13]. Studi kandidat tapak PLTN menggunakan seismik refraksi telah dilakukan di Mesir [10]. ...
ABSTRAK. Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 38 Tahun 2018 tentang Rencana Induk Riset Nasional Tahun 2017–2045, menetapkan beberapa bidang utama yang akan menjadi prioritas penelitian nasional, salah satunya adalah bidang energi. Dalam tema riset teknologi kelistrikan berbasis energi baru dan terbarukan rendah/nol karbon terdapat topik riset teknologi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) skala komersial. Pada topik riset tersebut, ditetapkan bahwa dalam jangka waktu penelitian tahun 2020–2024, dihasilkan purwarupa PLTN. Pada penelitian ini, karakterisasi geoteknik tapak PLTN dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode seismik refraksi guna melengkapi data penelitian sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil perlapisan batuan bawah permukaan untuk estimasi pekerjaan terkait fondasi PLTN. Pemetaan geologi dan akuisisi data geofisika, pengolahan, serta interpretasi tanah/batuan berdasarkan parameter kecepatan gelombang kompresi (Vp). Hasil pemetaan geologi menunjukkan adanya 2 satuan batuan beku yaitu diorit kuarsa dan andesit. Hasil pengolahan dan interpretasi data seismik refraksi menghasilkan model penampang Vp pada lapisan batuan bawah permukaan. Terdapat 3 lapisan batuan di lokasi penelitian yaitu lapisan tanah (Vp = 361–715 m/s), lapisan batuan beku lapuk (Vp = 1.386–2.397 m/s), dan lapisan beku segar (Vp = 3.789–6.133 m/s). Perkiraan densitas batuan beku segar berdasarkan perhitungan adalah 2,43–2,74 g/cm3. Hasil pemodelan dapat menunjukkan kedalaman dan struktur bawah permukaan lapisan batuan beku segar yang dapat menjadi fondasi bangunan PLTN.ABSTRACT. Presidential Regulation (Perpres) number 38 of 2018 concerning the National Research Master Plan for 2017–2045, the Government of Indonesia establishes several main areas that will become national research priorities, one of which is the energy sector. In the research theme of electricity technology based on new and renewable low/zero carbon energy, there is the topic of research on commercial-scale Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) technology. On the research topic, it was determined that within the research period of 2020–2024, a prototype nuclear power plant would be produced. Research related to the geotechnical characterization of the nuclear power plant site using the seismic refraction method was carried out to complement the previous research data. The purpose of this study was to determine the subsurface rock layer profile for estimation of work related to nuclear power plant foundations. Geological mapping and geophysical data acquisition, processing, as well as soil/rock interpretation based on the compression wave velocity (Vp) parameter are carried out to achieve this goal. The results of geological mapping show that there are 2 igneous rock units, namely quartz diorite and andesite. The results of processing and interpreting seismic refraction data produced a cross-sectional model of Vp in the subsurface rock layers. There are 3 rock layers in the research location, namely soil layer (Vp = 361–715 m/s), weathered igneous rock layer (Vp = 1.386–2,396 m/s), and fresh igneous layer (Vp = 3.789–6.133 m/s). The estimated density of fresh igneous rock based on calculations is 2.43–2.74 g/cm3. The modeling results can show the depth and structure of the subsurface layer of fresh igneous rock that can be the foundation of nuclear power plants.
