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(A) Normal C. pipiens larva from the control. (B) Abnormal larvae produced after treatment with oil of S. terebinthifolius unripe fruits at 100 mg/L showing a destroyed digestive system, especially midgut (arrows).
Source publication
In the present work, essential oils (EOs) from Schinus terebinthifolius (ripe and unripe fruits and leaves), Origanum majorana (air-dried aerial parts), and Psidium guajava (leaves) were assayed for their insecticidal activity against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and Culex mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens). Several components were identifie...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... present data confirm that the EOs of O. majorana leaves and S. terebinthifolius unripe fruits and leaves were more effective as larvicide than EOs of S. terebinthifolius ripe fruits and P. guajava leaves on C. pipiens at a higher concentration (100 mg/L). Figures 3 and 4 show the destroyed digestive system (rupture) in larvae of C. pipiens, which results in increased larval mortality within a short time (24-48 h) with treatment by EO of S. terebinthifolius unripe fruits, while EO of O. majorana leaves led to a 78% mortality at 100 mg/L. The present data confirm that the EOs of O. majorana leaves and S. terebinthifolius unripe fruits and leaves were more effective as larvicide than EOs of S. terebinthifolius ripe fruits and P. guajava leaves on C. pipiens at a higher concentration (100 mg/L). ...
Context 2
... present data confirm that the EOs of O. majorana leaves and S. terebinthifolius unripe fruits and leaves were more effective as larvicide than EOs of S. terebinthifolius ripe fruits and P. guajava leaves on C. pipiens at a higher concentration (100 mg/L). Figures 3 and 4 show the destroyed digestive system (rupture) in larvae of C. pipiens, which results in increased larval mortality within a short time (24-48 h) with treatment by EO of S. terebinthifolius unripe fruits, while EO of O. majorana leaves led to a 78% mortality at 100 mg/L. ...
Context 3
... the other hand, pupal longevity was affected by treatment with 100 mg/L of EO of S. terebinthifolius ripe or unripe fruits and leaves, O. majorana leaves, and P. guajava leaves, with values at 63.4, 37.1, 43.1, and 46.4 h, respectively, while it was 32.2 h in the control (Table 4). Figure 3. (A) Normal C. pipiens larva from the control. ...
Similar publications
In this study, the essential oil of Origanum vulgare was evaluated for putative antibacterial activity against six clinical strains and five reference strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in comparison with some antimicrobials. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed, using chromatography (CG) and gas chromatography–...
Citations
... Caryophyllene oxide in this study exhibited stronger larvicidal activities against the two Aedes species than previously reported results [80,85,86]. [44], Slk1 (Sri Lanka) [45], Egy3 (Egypt) [46], Ind2 (India) [47], Slk3 (Sri Lanka) [45], Egy6 (Egypt) [48], Bra5 (Brazil) [49], Pak2 (Pakistan) [50], Slk7 (Sri Lanka) [45], Slk6 (Sri Lanka) [45], Mau2 (Mauritius) [51], Pak3 (Pakistan) [50], Bra21 (Brazil) [52], Bra22 (Brazil) [52], Bra3 (Brazil) [53], Bra16 (Brazil) [54], Bra14 (Brazil) [55], Bra15 (Brazil) [55], Bra13 (Brazil) [55], Mau1 (Mauritius) [56], Slk2 (Sri Lanka) [45], M-Bra1→22 (Brazil) [57,58], L-Bra1→22 (Brazil) [57,58], Ind8 (India) [41], Ind7 (India) [41], Ind6 (India) [41], Ind9 (India) [ [48], Egy8 (Egypt) [48], Egy9 (Egypt) [48], Bra2 (Brazil) [71], Slk5 (Sri Lanka) [45], Ind3 (India) [72], Egy1 (Egypt) [73], Egy2 (Egypt) [74], Egy7 (Egypt) [48], Slk4 (Sri Lanka) [45], Egy5 (Egypt) [48], Viet5 (This study, PG05), Viet2 (This study, PG02), Ind1 (India) [75], Nep1 (Nepal) [76], Egy4 (Egypt) [77]. ...
Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and snails cause a large burden of disease in less developed countries, especially those with low-income levels. An approach to control vectors and intermediate hosts based on readily available essential oils, which are friendly to the environment and human health, may be an effective solution for disease control. Guava is a fruit tree grown on a large scale in many countries in the tropics, an area heavily affected by tropical diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and snails. Previous studies have reported that the extracted essential oils of guava cultivars have high yields, possess different chemotypes, and exhibit toxicity to different insect species. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of studying the chemical composition and pesticide activities of six cultivars of guava grown on a large scale in Vietnam. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 6 h. The components of the essential oils were determined using gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Test methods for pesticide activities were performed in accordance with WHO guidelines and modifications. Essential oil samples from Vietnam fell into two composition-based clusters, one of (E)-β-caryophyllene and the other of limonene/(E)-β-caryophyllene. The essential oils PG03 and PG05 show promise as environmentally friendly pesticides when used to control Aedes mosquito larvae with values of 24 h LC50-aegypti of 0.96 and 0.40 µg/mL while 24 h LC50-albopictus of 0.50 and 0.42 µg/mL. These two essential oils showed selective toxicity against Aedes mosquito larvae and were safe against the non-target organism Anisops bouvieri. Other essential oils may be considered as molluscicides against Physa acuta (48 h LC50 of 4.10 to 5.00 µg/mL) and Indoplanorbis exustus (48 h LC50 of 3.85 to 7.71 µg/mL) and with less toxicity to A. bouvieri.
... The high content of monoterpene components may have been responsible for the toxicity of M. foveolata essential oil to the test organisms. The essential oil of Schinus terebinthifolius unripe fruits with high content of α-pinene (48.9%) and α-thujene (7.7%) demonstrated strong toxicity against Tribolium castaneum and Culex pipiens (El-Sabrout et al., 2019). Cupressus sempervirens essential oil containing α-pinene (49.1%) exhibited larvicidal activity against Cx. ...
... p. pipiens larvae and adults of Sitophilus oryzae and T. castaneum. 7,[12][13][14] In recent years, there has been a growing interest in nanopesticides as a potential solution to address issues associated with traditional pesticides, such as their harmful effects on the environment, humans, and other organisms, as well as the development of resistance. 15 Nanopesticides are defined as formulations that intentionally include materials in the nanometer scale, and the application of nanotechnology has a critical role in reducing the amount of pesticide needed for insect pest management. ...
Background
The development of novel and ecofriendly tools plays an important role in insect pest management. Nanoemulsions (NEs) based on essential oils (EOs) offer a safer alternative for human health and the environment. This study aimed to elaborate and evaluate the toxicological effects of NEs containing peppermint or palmarosa EOs combined with β‐cypermethrin (β‐CP) using ultrasound technique.
Results
The optimized ratio of active ingredients to surfactant was 1:2. The NEs containing peppermint EO combined with β‐CP (NEs peppermint/β‐CP) were polydisperse with two peaks at 12.77 nm (33.4% intensity) and 299.1 nm (66.6% intensity). However, the NEs containing palmarosa EO combined with β‐CP (NEs palmarosa/β‐CP) were monodisperse with a size of 104.5 nm. Both NEs were transparent and stable for 2 months. The insecticidal effect of NEs was evaluated against Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae adults, as well as Culex pipiens pipiens larvae. On all these insects, NEs peppermint/β‐CP enhanced pyrethroid bioactivity from 4.22‐ to 16‐folds while NEs palmarosa/β‐CP, from 3.90‐ to 10.6‐folds. Moreover, both NEs maintained high insecticidal activities against all insects for 2 months, although a slight increase of the particle size was detected.
Conclusion
The NEs elaborated in this work can be considered as highly promising formulations for the development of new insecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
... and Anacardiaceae Lindl. have insecticidal activity against insects causing damage to large crops and also against vectors of human and animal pathogens (Cetin et al. 2011;Kweka et al. 2011;El-Sabrout et al. 2019;Pandiyan et al. 2019;. The essential oils of species such as Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae), Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ...
Populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) have shown resistance to insecticides of the carbamate and organophosphate classes. The objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility of C. quinquefasciatus larvae to essential oils from leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm., and Schinus molle L and C. quinquefasciatus larvae’s biochemical responses after their exposure to these leaves. The essential oils were chemically analyzed by GC and GC/MS. First, the lethal concentration for 50% (LC50) values was estimated using different concentrations of essential oils and probit analysis. The larvae were exposed for 1 h at the LC50 estimated for each essential oil. The susceptibility of the larvae to essential oils was evaluated using the following biochemical parameters: concentrations of total protein and reduced glutathione; levels of production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation; and the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The main chemical constituents in E. uniflora were E-β-ocimene, curzerene, germacrene B, and germacrone; in M. armillaris were 1,8-cineole and terpinolene; and in S. molle were sabinene, myrcene, and sylvestrene. The essential oils had LC50 values between 31.52 and 60.08 mg/L, all of which were considered effective. All of them also promoted changes in biochemical parameters when compared to the control treatment. The essential oils of S. molle and E. uniflora inhibited the activity of the AChE enzyme, and the essential oil of M. armillaris increased it. All essential oils had larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus, but the essential oil of E. uniflora was the most efficient. Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that the essential oil of E. uniflora can be considered promising for the development of botanical larvicides.
... Other Origanum species like O. vulgare EO showed the presence of thymol, m-cymene, linalool, and terpinen-4-ol as main compounds (Salem et al. 2020). Also, O. majorana leaf EO showed some bioactive compounds like terpinene-4-ol, α-and γ-terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate (4-thujanol), carvacrol and α-phyllandrene (Rowayshed et al. 2014;El-Sabrout et al. 2019;Salem et al. 2019b). α-Terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate, sabinene and 4-terpineol were found in the EO from Origanum plant growing in Northwest Egypt (Gharib et al. 2013;Elansary 2015). ...
The objectives of this work were to evaluate the efficacy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis green branches (GB) and Origanum majorana whole plant (WP) essential oils (EOs) on Tri4 gene expression and Fusarium oxysporum strains growth In vitro. Five strains of Fusarium oxysporum were identified molecularly through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcript spacer (ITS) region. The efficacy of the EOs from Eucalyptus camaldulensis GB and Origanum majorana WP on Tri4 gene expression and F. oxysporum strains growth were evaluated In vitro. GC-MS analysis of the EOs referred that 1,8-cineole, and spathulenol were presented in E. camaldulensis GB, while in O. majorana WP were tricyclene, and p-cymene as abundant compounds. E. camaldulensis and O. majorana EOs showed MIC of 32–64 µg/mL and 32 µg/mL, respectively. E. camaldulensis EO was more suppressive against all the F. oxysporum strains. Both EOs reduced Tri4 gene expression significantly compared with control. qRT-PCR results revealed a down-regulation in Tri4 gene expression of all of F. oxysporum strains exposed to both EOs at the MIC values. The results suggest that both EOs can be used as safe and green bio-pesticide.
... O. majorana is reported to have a toxic effect on S. littoralis caterpillars in ingestion (Pavela, 2004) and fumigant (Souguir et al., 2013) bioassays. Additionally, the bioactivity of O. majorana can be highlighted for other agricultural pests, such as Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Papadimitriou et al., 2019;Petrakis et al., 2015), S. oryzae (Kim et al., 2016), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (Demirel et al., 2009;Salim et al., 2019), Tribolium castaneum (H.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (El-Sabrout et al., 2019), Hylobius abietis L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) (Azeem et al., 2020), Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Itonidae) (Lamiri et al., 2001), Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (Koschier et al., 2002), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Pavela, 2006), E. kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Ayvaz et al., 2009), and Camptomyia corticalis (Loew) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Kim et al., 2012). ...
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a key pest of countless cultures of economic importance. FAW control is still mostly achieved by using synthetic chemicals and genetically modified plants, which can cause adverse effects on nontarget organisms. In this sense, secondary metabolites are an inexhaustible source of bioactive substances. Thus, this study investigated the insecticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) of plants of the Lamiaceae family against FAW. The EOs from Hyptis marrubioides (LD50 = 18.49 μg/larvae) and Ocimum basilicum (LD50 = 38.21 μg/larvae) were toxic to FAW in topical bioassays. The majority of compounds of H. marrubioides were identified as β-thujone (41.50%) and α-thujone (15.82%), while for O. basilicum, linalool (35.68%) and 1,8-cineole (16.03%) were the major substances. The pure compounds linalool (survival probability = 28.1%), α-thujone (survival probability = 24.5%) and 1,8-cineole (survival probability = 40.4%) were employed in a new bioassay; although all substances were toxic to FAW, the toxicity was less than that observed for EOs from H. marrubioides (survival probability = 9.5%) and O. basilicum (survival probability = 2.1%). These results suggest that there is more than one active substance in the EOs or else, there issynergism and/or an additive effect between the substances. With regard to the experiment conducted with the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum, the EOs from H. marrubioides and O. basilicum were classified as harmless according to the IOBC criteria, so they are safe for this parasitoid and have potential to be used in programs of integrated FAW pest management the natural enemy T. pretiosum.
... The yield and chemical composition of S. terebinthifolius fruit oil matches well with similar studies, where monoterpenes were predominant with ⊐-3-carene, ⊍-pinene and ⊍-phellandrene the key constituents, as reported herein. 7,38 Limonene was identified as the key component in other reports at a ratio that matches well with that reported herein. 21,25,39 Nevertheless, variations were recorded, which were related to both the yield and the abundant constituents of EO of S. terebinthifolius native to other flora. ...
... Aedes aegypti, 8,22,23,42 and the malarial vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. 7 The plant exhibited pest control properties against other agriculture pests such as Plutella xylostella, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes ricini and Tetranychus urticae, 24,25 Tribolium castaneum, a stored grain pest, 38 and the coffee borer, Hypothenemus hampei. 43 Pratti et al. 8 found that S. terebinthifolius ripe fruit EO significantly affected the survival of Ae. aegypti larvae, and caused deformations in the larval exoskeleton by inhibiting chitin synthesis. ...
BACKGROUND
The house mosquito, Culex pipiens L. is a harmful species, widespread in urban areas, and considered the primary enzootic vector of West Nile arbovirus. Widespread insecticide resistance in mosquito populations and the environmental risks and toxicity hazards of chemical pesticides make insecticides an inadequate mosquito control strategy. Seeking ecofriendly tools for mosquito control tools has become necessary.
RESULTS
Essential oil (EO) was hydrodistilled from the fruits of Brazilian pepper, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and analyzed using gas chromatography–flame ionization detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. An oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion (particle size 41.3 nm) was developed and characterized from EO using a green low‐energy approach. EO, its nanoemulsion and monoterpenes showed mosquitocidal, repellent and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities against Cx. pipiens. A nanoemulsion concentration of 30 μl L–1 caused 100% larval mortality after 24 h of exposure, whereas EO, d‐limonene and α‐phellandrene at 60 μl L–1 caused 100%, 92.4% and 88.2% larval mortality, respectively. The concentration that killed 50% of organisms (LC50) for larvae after 24 h ranged between 6.8 and 40.6 μl L–1. Upon fumigation, 15.0 μl L–1 of nanoemulsion killed 94.5% of adults after 24 h of exposure. LC50 values against adults ranged between 5.3 and 31.2 μl L–1. EO products exhibited repellence activity at concentrations between 0.5 and 4.0 μl cm–2. Test materials effectively inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity of mosquito and were safe toward the non‐target organisms Gambusia affinis and Eisenia fetida.
CONCLUSION
There is a potential for using S. terebinthifolius EO, its nanoemulsion and monoterpenes as ecofriendly natural mosquitocides.
... The program and oven temperatures conditions can be found in previous work (Moustafa et al. 2021). The Xcalibur 3.0 data system (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with the Match factor from the GC-MS literature is a very intelligent tool to identify chemical constituents, where the value ≥650 is acceptable to confirm the compounds (El-Sabrout et al. 2019;Behiry et al. 2020;Salem et al. 2020;Abd-Elkader et al. 2021;Ali et al. 2021;Moustafa et al. 2021). ...
Oils extracted from Cymbopogon citratus, Lantana camara, Artemisia camphorata, and Imperata cylindrica plants were used as potential insecticides against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The phytochemical composition of the isolated oils was identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Oil contact toxicities were evaluated against the adults of S. oryzae. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and transaminases enzymes (AST) were measured. L. camara oil (LC50 = 9.81 mg/cm2) demonstrated the highest effect, followed by C. citratus oil (LC50 = 10.89 mg/cm2), A. camphorata EO (LC50 = 16.12 mg/cm2), and I. cylindrica oil (LC50= 36.85 mg/cm2) against the adults of S. oryzae. The inhibition percentages of AChE were 38.8, 41.7, 35.0, and 27.2%; ALP were 42.4, 49.3, 28.1, and 18.7%; AST were 33.9, 38.7, 20.8, and 11.8%; and ALT were 22.7, 30.5, 14.6, and 9.6% after treated S. oryzae with oils from C. citratus, L. camara, A. camphorata and I. cylindrica, respectively. The highest abundant compounds in C. citratus were geranial (25.95%), nerylacetal (8.85%), and neral (8.45%), in L. camara were caryophyllene (12.2%), and 3-elemene (8.89%), in A. camphorata were germacrene D-4-ol (20.83%), and borneol (19.47%), and in I. cylindrica were 5-phenylundecane (10.68%), and 6-phenyldodecane (8.70%).
... The Xcalibur 3.0 data system (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Austin, TX, USA, 2014) with the Standard Index and Reverse Standard Index measurements to extract the Match factor from the GC-MS literature is a very intelligent tool to identify chemical constituents, where the value ≥650 is acceptable to confirm the compounds [36,[38][39][40][41][42]. ...
Background:
The destructive insect pest Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous species targeting many economically important plants. The extensive and arbitrary use of insecticides has resulted in the build-up of insecticide resistance and pesticide residues accumulating in food. Therefore, it is becoming evident that alternative pest management tools are needed to reduce risks to humans, the environment, and non-target organisms, and at the same time, they should be used in field application at the lowest cost.
Methods:
In view of this objective, the present study demonstrates the toxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) essential oil (EO), against the black cutworm A. ipsilon under controlled laboratory conditions in terms of measuring the activity of peroxidase and detoxification enzymes. The chemical components of the EO were analyzed using GC-MS.
Results:
The results show that after 96 h post treatment, the LC15 and LC50 values were 427.67 and 2623.06 mg/L, respectively, of C. citratus EO on second-instar larvae of A. ipsilon. A slight significance in elongation of the larval duration with LC15 and LC50 value was found with control. By GC-MS analysis, the main compounds identified in the EO were α-citral and β-citral with percentages of 35.91%, and 35%, respectively. The oxidative stress indicates a significant increase in CAT and lipid peroxidase enzyme activity after 96 h post treatment at the LC15 and LC50. Conversely, the detoxification enzyme activity shows an inhibition of CarE and GST enzymes of larvae exposed to LC15 and LC50 values in response to C. citratus EO.
Conclusions:
The present data show that lemongrass EO has insecticidal activity against the black cutworm, A. ipsilon.
... antioxidants or insecticidal properties dependent on plant species and the type of bioactive compounds [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Medicinal and aromatic plants are often characterized as medicinal and poisonous depending on the presence of bioactive chemicals such as simple phenols, phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds [3,9,10]. ...
... H.L.Wendl. (bark), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi wood and Ficus eriobotryoides leaves collected from Antoniadis Gardens, Alexandria, Egypt, during June 2019, were used in the present study [8,27]. All the plant materials were identified by coauthor Dr. Mohamed Z.M. Salem at the Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University. ...
Background:
Trees are good sources of bioactive compounds as antifungal and antioxidant activities.
Methods:
Management of six molecularly identified Fusarium oxysporum isolates (F. oxy 1, F. oxy 2, F. oxy 3, F. oxy 4, F. oxy 5 and F. oxy 6, under the accession numbers MW854648, MW854649, MW854650, MW854651, and MW854652, respectively) was assayed using four extracts from Conium maculatum leaves, Acacia saligna bark, Schinus terebinthifolius wood and Ficus eriobotryoides leaves. All the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-VWD for phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid (BCB) bleaching assays.
Results:
In mg/kg extract, the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds p-hydroxy benzoic, benzoic, gallic, and rosmarinic acids, with 444.37, 342.16, 311.32 and 117.87, respectively, were observed in C. maculatum leaf extract; gallic and benzoic acids with 2551.02, 1580.32, respectively, in A. saligna bark extract; quinol, naringenin, rutin, catechol, and benzoic acid with 2530.22, 1224.904, 798.29, 732.28, and 697.73, respectively, in S. terebinthifolius wood extract; and rutin, o-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, resveratrol, and rosmarinic acid with 9168.03, 2016.93, 1009.20, 1156.99, and 574.907, respectively, in F. eriobotryoides leaf extract. At the extract concentration of 1250 mg/L, the antifungal activity against the growth of F. oxysporum strains showed that A. saligna bark followed by C. maculatum leaf extracts had the highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG%) against F. oxy 1 with 80% and 79.5%, F. oxy 2 with 86.44% and 78.9%, F. oxy 3 with 86.4% and 84.2%, F. oxy 4 with 84.2, and 82.1%, F. oxy 5 with 88.4% and 86.9%, and F. oxy 6 with 88.9, and 87.1%, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract from C. maculatum leaves showed the lowest concentration that inhibited 50% of DPPH free radical (3.4 μg/mL). Additionally, the same extract observed the lowest concentration (4.5 μg/mL) that inhibited BCB bleaching.
Conclusions:
Extracts from A. saligna bark and C. maculatum leaves are considered potential candidates against the growth of F. oxysporum isolates-a wilt pathogen-and C. maculatum leaf as a potent antioxidant agent.
