Figure 1 - uploaded by James Driscoll
Content may be subject to copyright.
A, Hidradenocarcinoma with focal connection to overlying skin. B, Cyst formation. C, Mixed eosinophilic and clear cells (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnifications 340 [A], 3400 [B], 3200 [C]).
Source publication
Hidradenocarcinomas are rare, aggressive skin adnexal tumors of sweat gland origin that demonstrate a high potential for local recurrence, metastasis, and poor outcome. These neoplasms can derive from preexisting clear cell hidradenomas but more commonly appear de novo, with the molecular events responsible for the pathogenesis currently unknown. H...
Similar publications
Nodular hidradenoma is a rare benign adnexal tumor that occurs as a solitary nodule with a predilection for the head, face, and upper extremities. We describe the case of nodular hidradenoma presenting as an expanding nodule on the scalp. This tumor is a simulator of malignant lesions on clinical and dermoscopic examination. Our case emphasizes the...
The occurrence and scientific reporting of benign adnexal tumors arising from the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, hair follicles, and pilosebaceous components of the skin is very rare. Even though they are uncommon, these long-standing benign lesions can transform into their malignant counterparts, which can be exceedingly difficult to treat bec...
Hidradenocarcinoma, a rare malignant entity that derives from sweat glands, is especially rare in the pediatric population. The treatment of choice is surgery. Radiation therapy is used only in selected patients. Chemotherapy is not used extensively because its effectiveness has not been demonstrated yet.
This case report describes a nine-year-old...
Nodular hidradenomas is an uncommon benign adnexal tumor that arises as nodules from eccrine sweat glands. Although it can appear at various sites, its occurrence in eyelids is extremely rare. The diagnosis is usually confirmed on histopathology, and the lesion poses a diagnostic challenge for cytopathologist and is rarely diagnosed on fine aspirat...
Citations
... Clinically, hidradenoma and hidradenocarcinoma take on atypical appearances. These lesions often appear as a single painless and fixed firm nodule or plaque [5]. However, they can be multilobular, ulcerated, or fissured with cystic spaces [6]. ...
Hidradenocarcinomas or malignant hidradenomas are tumors developed from the sweat glands, in particular, the eccrine glands. It is a rare entity of skin tumors and frequently appears de novo with a slight female predominance and an average age of 50 years at diagnosis. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman treated for localized hidradenocarcinoma of the scalp, successfully managed by surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.
... There is no consistent pattern when neoplasms are stained with antibodies to S100 protein, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, BCL1, or BCL2. 5,7 In the present case, immunohistochemical staining was reactive for Ki-67/MIB1 and diffusely strong for p63, CK5/6, and CK7. ...
... The diagnosis of HC is made by histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. HC is composed of cells with an eosinophilic cytoplasm and clear cells that have atypia, pleomorphism and many mitotic figures [37][38][39]. Immunohistochemically, HC is positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and S-100 protein [37]. In addition, some cases of HC are positive for androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, epithelial growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [37,38]. ...
... Immunohistochemically, HC is positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and S-100 protein [37]. In addition, some cases of HC are positive for androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, epithelial growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [37,38]. However, there are no definitive criteria that distinguish HC from benign hidradenoma [38]. ...
... In addition, some cases of HC are positive for androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, epithelial growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [37,38]. However, there are no definitive criteria that distinguish HC from benign hidradenoma [38]. The most favorable site of HC is the head and neck region [37,38]. ...
Opinion statement
Cutaneous adnexal malignancies include various types of malignant tumors that show differentiation of cutaneous appendages. They can be classified into sweat gland, hair follicle, and sebaceous gland differentiations. All types of cutaneous adnexal tumors are rare and standard treatment options based on valid evidence have not been established. Although prognosis differs depending on the type of cutaneous adnexal malignancy, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. In surgical treatment, an adequate surgical margin is unclear for wide local excision. Mohs micrographic is a better option than wide local excision in terms of margin control and cosmetic outcome because the face, head, and neck are favorable sites for some cutaneous adnexal malignancies. There has been no randomized trial of radiation therapy and chemotherapy for any cutaneous adnexal malignancies. Radiation therapy should be considered if the tumor cannot be removed surgically. Chemotherapy is one of the options for metastatic cases in some types of cutaneous adnexal malignancies, but evidence of the effectiveness of chemotherapy is lacking. Recent studies have revealed genetic mutations in this field, and target therapy and immunotherapy may be promising treatment options for unresectable cutaneous adnexal malignancies in the future.
... Lee et al. reported a case of a patient with metastatic porocarcinoma who achieved a clinical and radiological response when treated with pembrolizumab [52]. For hidradenocarcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, and signet-ring call/histiocytoid carcinoma, HER2 inhibitors or selective estrogen receptor modulators may be administered [53][54][55][56][57][58]. Additionally, anti-androgenic therapy is beneficial for patients with signet-ring call/histiocytoid carcinoma [59]. ...
Simple Summary
Surgical resection is the standard of care for malignant adnexal cancers of the skin. The efficacy of radiotherapy and targeted therapies is still undetermined in both adjuvant and palliative settings. In routine clinical practice, genetic abnormalities are rarely assessed, although numerous mutations have been described, e.g., in TP53 (tumor protein p53), FAT2 (FAT atypical cadherin 2), KMT2D (lysine methyltransferase 2D), CACNA1S (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S), and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog). These cancers occur mainly in the middle-aged, and are locally aggressive, but when metastasized result in poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyze treatment efficacy in patients treated at a reference center since 2009. The role of multidisciplinary treatment is also discussed.
Abstract
Malignant adnexal cancers of the skin—extremely rare neoplasms—are mostly reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These carcinomas occur mainly in the middle-aged (50–60 years of age); they are mostly localized on the upper part of the body and are locally aggressive, infiltrate surrounding tissue, and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. The patients’ outcomes depend on multiple prognostic factors, including the size of the primary tumor and its mitotic count. Surgical resection of the primary tumor with or without regional lymph nodes is the treatment method of choice; however, due to aggressive tumor behavior, perioperative treatment may be considered. The role and efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of skin adnexal malignancies are not yet fully defined. Some authors suggest that adjuvant radiotherapy may be considered in locally advanced and regional disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes and assess the efficacy of combined therapy in patients with adnexal malignancies. Our analysis covered all cases of cutaneous adnexal tumor patients diagnosed and provided with multidisciplinary treatment with surgery and radiotherapy since the beginning of 2009.
... Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare and potentially aggressive malignant tumor arising from the sweat glands that manifests as a solitary, asymptomatic, slowgrowing skin lesion. It is known for its tendency to invade locally and metastasize to distant sites [1]. ...
Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive carcinoma arising from sweat glands that manifests as an asymptomatic, slow-growing skin tumor. It metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and distant viscera. We report a case of 77 years old man who presented with an invasive hidradenocarcinoma of the scalp without lymph node involvement, treated by wide local excision and Post-operative radiotherapy. The management of this rare entity is not yet well defined. The results are still poor despite the use of multiple treatment modalities.
Hidradenocarcinomas are rare adnexal tumor of the sweat glands. They are typically found on the head and neck with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. Here, we present a case of a 67-year-old woman who presented with long-standing subcutaneous mass over her right knee. She underwent initial surgical excision with positive margins, and histopathology of the resection specimen was consistent with hidradenocarcinoma. The patient completed 60-Gray adjuvant radiation to the surgical bed postoperatively. Eight months later, the patient returned with a concern for recurrence of the hidradenocarcinoma at the same site. Biopsy confirmed the recurrence, and the malignancy was excised with 2-cm margins along with surgical reconstruction with a local muscle flap. She has not had recurrence at follow-up 1 year after the reconstructive flap. This case highlights the histopathologic nature of hidradenocarcinomas and that, despite local excision and large-dose radiation, malignancy can recur.
Hidradenocarcinoma is rare sweat gland tumor of skin which may have both apocrine and eccrine variants. We report a case of 27 year old postpartum female patient presented with complain of swelling over right breast since 8 months with pain on and off. The ultrasonography report revealed possibility of fibroadenoma (BIRADS CATEGORY -II). The patient underwent FNAC which was reported as fibroproliferative breast disease with atypia. Then wide local excision of mass was performed, the pathological report stated the tumor as a malignant epithelial neoplasm of adnexal origin – hidradenocarcinoma type and Immunohistochemical analysis revealed negative staining for ER, PR, HER2. This case represent difficulty in diagnosis of tumor. Histopathological features are main key to distinguish it from other entities.
This report details the surgical management of a rare case of hidradenocarcinoma in a 70-year-old man presenting as a large multilobulated swelling on the dorsum of the nose. Following histopathological confirmation, the patient underwent wide complete excision of the tumour, coupled with sentinel lymph node dissection. Reconstruction involved the use of a paramedian forehead flap and cheek advancement flap. The successful outcome underscores the importance of early diagnosis and a comprehensive surgical approach for managing hidradenocarcinoma on the nasal dorsum.
