FIGURE 3 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
A GADIT server system consists of a Git repository, a CI (Content Integration) system, and a static web server. The Git repository contains DT documents and other files which are updated by the CI system and deployed to the static web server for distribution. The owner and the DTID registry are not parts of the server, but they are required for the platform to function. The owner configures the GADIT server and performs CRUD operations on DT documents and DTID records. The DTID registry manages the records and redirects DTIDs to the corresponding twins on the static web server.
Source publication
Digital twins are expected to form a network, a “Digital Twin Web”, in the future. Digital Twin Web follows a similar structure to the World Wide Web and consists of meta-level digital twins that are described as digital twin description documents and distributed via Digital TwinWeb servers. Standards must be established before the Digital Twin Web...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... main purpose of a GADIT server, as well as any other DTW server, is to store, manage, and distribute DT documents. The main components of GADIT are shown in Figure 3 and described in Sections III-A-III-F. GADIT was used to build Twinbase (Section IV) and can be used for building alternative implementations. ...
Citations
... Morе than cost savings, еmbracing opеn-sourcе solutions fostеrs a collaborativе еcosystеm, еncouraging thе dеvеlopmеnt and adoption of standardizеd framеworks and protocols. This collaborativе еnvironmеnt not only еncouragеs innovation but also facilitatеs thе sharing of knowlеdgе and rеsourcеs, mitigating thе scarcity of tеchnical еxpеrtisе and rеsourcеs that might impеdе thе sеamlеss intеgration of advancеd manufacturing tеchnologiеs within thе industry 4.0 framеwork (Autiosalo et al., 2021). By lеvеraging opеn-sourcе tеchnology, organizations gain accеss to a vast pool of communitydrivеn solutions, ultimatеly bolstеring adaptability, scalability and thе robustnеss of intеgratеd systеms in thе rapidly еvolving landscapе of advancеd manufacturing. ...
Thе dynamic fiеld of advancеd manufacturing has sееn a significant transformation with thе convеrgеncе of Cybеr-Physical Systеms (CPS), Digital Twins (DT) and 3D Printing tеchnologiеs. A comprеhеnsivе analysis of thе intеgration of thеsе cutting-еdgе tеchnologiеs is presented, highlighting thеir synеrgistic potеntial and thе impact on thе еcosystеm of industry 4.0. Thе intricatе intеrplay bеtwееn CPS, which amalgamatеs computing еlеmеnts with physical procеssеs, DT, which offеrs a virtual rеprеsеntation of physical assеts and 3D printing, which еnablеs on-dеmand fabrication of complеx structurеs is еxaminеd. Thus, thе crucial rolе of this intеgratеd approach in еnhancing production еfficiеncy, product customization and ovеrall systеm rеsiliеncе is inderscored. Thе discussion rеvolvеs around thе sеamlеss data еxchangе facilitatеd by CPS, еnabling rеal-timе monitoring, control and optimization, couplеd with thе prеdictivе insights dеrivеd from thе virtual rеprеsеntation of DT. Morеovеr, thе transformativе impact of 3D printing is еlucidatеd, in achiеving unprеcеdеntеd dеsign flеxibility, rapid prototyping and cost-еffеctivе small-batch production. Furthеrmorе, this study еxaminеs thе challеngеs and opportunitiеs associatеd with thе convеrgеncе of thеsе tеchnologiеs, еmphasizing thе critical nееd for robust cybеrsеcurity mеasurеs, standardizеd communication protocols and scalablе infrastructural support. This manuscript contributеs to thе ongoing discoursе on thе futurе of advancеd manufacturing, undеrscoring thе transformativе potеntial of a synеrgistic approach in driving innovation and compеtitivеnеss in thе global industrial landscapе.
... It is inspired from specification languages under a common metamodel to provide the so-called meta-level DTs. 47 From the theoretical definition of DTs, this category describes the core structure for DTs in IoT-based DT platforms, and if integrated with them, provides the interfaces for enabling bi-directional communication seamlessly. On the downside, these frameworks mainly focus on the data models or schemas rather than on the simulation and behavioral aspects of DTs. ...
... Autiosalo et al. 47 summarize some open-source implementations for DT applications at the metadata level and propose an open-source web server implementation to store, manage, and distribute DT documents based on a git-based architecture for DTs. 68 The other open-source software tools used for this case study are FreeCAD for the CAD modeling, OpenFOAM and SimFlow for the simulation of fluid dynamics, and ParaView for visualization. ...
Digital twin (DT) technology has been a topic with academic and industrial coverage in recent years. DTs are intended to be a virtual high‐fidelity representation of a physical counterpart. Its complex nature requires several components to create and run a DT, and that is why many DT frameworks have been proposed in the literature. There are also many surveys of DTs, but none that is bottom‐up with concrete examples and focused on open‐source software. This survey analyzes 14 open‐source DT frameworks in 10 different dimensions, which are then categorized in six different groups according to their modeling and technological domain, to present the reader different options for creating and managing DT applications, and to understand potential combinations, uses, and limitations of the tools. It also presents a case study with five of the explored DT frameworks, describing the process on how the DT is set up and comparing their capabilities based on the services to be provided by the DT. Finally, it discusses advantages and limitations of the tools according to domain, requirements, and scope, relevant aspects regarding built‐in simulations and data analytics, theory‐to‐practice transition, and advantages/disadvantages of using open‐source software instead of commercial. Main limitations of the study due to its narrow niche, conclusions, and opportunities for future research regarding the potential room for improvement in terms of out‐of‐the‐box features and services for DTs, are also shown.
... The potential conflict with the waqf administrator is shown in Figure 10. And for mitigation, it can be performed by joining queries so that the data can be shown, and then the manager's lead note can take a decision [68,69]. In the verification of potential conflict data, the first step is to create the initials of tables, namely as in Table 4. ...
The use of structured query formulation languages is a method for gaining access to data in information management systems. Writing structured queries is a powerful method of data retrieval, and end users can generate complex database queries by becoming proficient in a particular query language. Digitization of database information systems, history and endowment, and technology conservation are some examples of database conservation techniques in the process of displaying data that require optimal query techniques. Historical and endowment properties comply with a certain set of laws governing waqf recipients, which sets them apart from heritage and cultural assets. Trusted property typically comprises real estate, valuables, or both and has an infinite preservation term so long as it may still be put to use. A solid information technology infrastructure is essential for ensuring comprehensive data security. Given the availability of knowledge and the quick development of information technology, ensuring its sustainability is a challenge. This research is aimed at preserving historical and waqf databases based on the case study of the Kingdom of Sumedang Larang (KSL), Indonesia, through examination of the database, synchronization of digital data with physical data, as well as looking at its relationship with organizations and management. The proposed method, namely the Design and Analysis of Database Query Model for Preservation Information System (DAQMP), creates a recurring query model from the original tabular data placed in the next table as a special table check for data specifications containing important data. The results must be accurately aligned between digital and physical records regularly to serve as a record of any changes and as evidence to determine whether data has been corrupted, altered, or lost.
... An initial definition of a Digital Twin Web goes back to Autiosalo et al. who linked the connection of the individual Digital Twin documents with a Digital twin registry to ensure the findability of the data. [9] The concept was further developed by Meyer et al. to derive and integrate the requirements from the aviation sector. [5] Haße et al. analyzed the design principles for shared digital twins. ...
In complex systems, the life cycle of components is often detached from the life cycles of the overlying systems. For example, individual systems or components are removed from the vehicle for maintenance and sent for overhaul and replaced with components that have already been overhauled. This also increases the complexity for the digital twins of these systems, since the data is often processed and stored in the overlying systems or at the overall system level. An example could be the landing gear for an aircraft, which is removed from aircraft A after its lifetime or usage limits have expired and is replaced by an already overhauled landing gear. After maintenance, the landing gear is installed on Aircraft B. (Figure 1-1) In addition to changing the system affiliation, the owner, operator or another stakeholder role can also change. This greatly increases the complexity of mapping the digital twin. Since there can be competitive situations between the various stakeholders, not all parameters should be available for every point in the life cycle of the higher-level asset. A concept is therefore required that ensures that only the relevant data is provided for the period of affiliation.
... Microsoft Azure 3 and Eclipse Ditto 4 ) to try to effectively connect the physical and the cyber world through DTs and a shared set of "as-a-service" APIs and functionalities. However, both in such platforms and in recent research activities [4,17], DTs are actually more similar to data repositories than to active software entities with a model and an internal set of behaviours responsible to handle the interaction with the physical world. Existing solutions are mainly limited to model DT's structure and expose associated data received from PAs or intermediate entities (such as gateways or integration nodes). ...
Digital Twins (DTs) are emerging as a fundamental brick of engineering Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), but their notion is still mostly bound to specific business domains (e.g. manufacturing), goals (e.g. product design), or applications (e.g. the Internet of Things). As such, their value as general purpose engineering abstractions is yet to be fully revealed. In this paper, we relate DTs with agents and multiagent systems, as the latter are arguably the most rich abstractions available for the engineering of complex socio-technical and CPSs, and the former could both fill in some gaps in agent-oriented software engineering and benefit from an agent-oriented interpretation—in a cross-fertilisation journey.
... This way, data can be stored and maintained on top of semantic models [103]. Description documents and metadata of DTs also need to be considered in large-scale DT setups and managing them in Git repositories with web servers for the DT Web, similar to the one proposed in Ref. [104]. Metadata and description files of the DT Web can also be mapped to RDF structures, enabling a bridge between static and dynamic data storage and querying using SPARQL, and even reasoning, such as presented in Ref. [105]. ...
Transportation electrification has been fueled by recent advancements in the technology and manufacturing of battery systems, but the industry yet is facing serious challenges that could be addressed using cutting-edge digital technologies. One such novel technology is based on the digital twining of battery systems. Digital twins (DTs) of batteries utilize advanced multi-layer models, artificial intelligence, advanced sensing units, Internet-of-Things technologies, and cloud computing techniques to provide a virtual live representation of the real battery system (the physical twin) to improve the performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, they orchestrate the operation of the entire battery value chain offering great advantages, such as improving the economy of manufacturing, re-purposing, and recycling processes. In this context, various studies have been carried out discussing the DT applications and use cases from cloud-enabled battery management systems to the digitalization of battery testing. This work provides a comprehensive review of different possible use cases, key enabling technologies, and requirements for battery DTs. The review inclusively discusses the use cases, development/integration platforms, as well as hardware and software requirements for implementation of the battery DTs, including electrical topics related to the modeling and algorithmic approaches, software architec-tures, and digital platforms for DT development and integration. The existing challenges are identified and circumstances that will create enough value to justify these challenges, such as the added costs, are discussed.
... New platforms have recently been introduced (e.g., Microsoft Azure Digital Twins 1 and Eclipse Ditto 2 ) to try to effectively connect the physical and the cyber world through DTs and a shared set of ''as-a-service'' APIs and functionalities. Unfortunately, in such references and also within some of the more recent research activities (Autiosalo et al., 2021;Eramo et al., 2021) DTs have been mainly exploited as data structure repositories, rather than active software components with an internal behaviour and a set of core responsibilities to handle the interaction with the physical world. The responsibility to communicate with the physical counterpart to collect data and send commands is often delegated to external applications and typically through platformspecific services (e.g., APIs or SDKs) instead of being a specific core responsibility of each DT. ...
... The work implements the Twinbase server with the provided template and therefore shares the same components that were elaborated by Autiosalo et al. (2021): a GitHub repository, GitHub Actions, and GitHub Pages, as illustrated in Figure 4. The GitHub repository contains DT documents and other files, which are updated by the GitHub Actions and deployed to the GitHub Pages for distribution. ...
... The GitHub repository contains DT documents and other files, which are updated by the GitHub Actions and deployed to the GitHub Pages for distribution. For Twin IDs, this work uses the URL redirection service at dtid.org, hosted by Rebrandly and introduced by Autiosalo et al. (2021). The Twin IDs are redirected to the corresponding twins on the GitHub Pages. ...
Digital twins (DTs) and eXtended Reality (XR) are two core technological enablers for engineering in the Metaverse that can accelerate the human-centric Industry 5.0 transformation. The digital twin technology provides a digital representation of a physical asset with data linkages for inspection, monitoring, and prediction of complex processes or systems, while eXtended reality offers real-and-virtual combined environments for human users to interact with machines. However, the synergies between digital twins and eXtended reality remain understudied. This work addresses this research gap by introducing a novel method “TwinXR” that leverages ontology-based descriptions of Digital twins, i.e., digital twin documents, in industrial eXtended reality applications. To ease the use of the TwinXR method, we publish a Unity package that allows data flow and conversion between eXtended reality applications and digital twin documents on the server. Finally, the work applies the TwinXR method in two industrial eXtended reality applications involving overhead cranes and a robot arm to demonstrate the use and indicate the validity of the method. We conclude that the TwinXR method is a promising way to advance the synergies between digital twins and eXtended reality: For eXtended reality, TwinXR enables efficient and scalable eXtended reality development; For digital twins, TwinXR unlocks and demonstrates the potential of digital twins for data interchange and system interoperation. Future work includes introducing more detailed principles of Semantic Web and Knowledge Graph, as well as developing factory-level TwinXR-compatible applications.
... The network and data serve as the foundation of DT as a digital representation of a physical object, the algorithm and modeling serve as the core, and the application and service serve as the application. The expenses of manufacturing businesses rise as a result, and at the same time, their organizational structures and operational procedures face enormous difficulties [3]. In light of this, AI-powered DT technology is anticipated to adapt conventional model-based techniques to changing boundary conditions and offer a demand-oriented, real-time competent evaluation basis to effectively assist decision-making in multi-objective challenges [4]. ...
... The World Wide Web's structure is comparable to that of the Digital Twin Web, which is made up of conceptual digital twins transmitted through Digital Twin Servers and documented as digital twin findings analyzed by Autiosalo et al. [3]. First before Digital Twin Web can be utilized effectively, standards must be developed; having an easily available server implementation that can encourage the creation of those standards. ...
... In recent years, Digital Twin (DT) technology [1][2], as an important part of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Digital twins are widely used in manufacturing and other industries due to their advantages of dynamic consistency [3], virtualreal interactive feedback [4][5], and broad application prospects [6]. However, in the digital twin system for industrial Internet, there are still many problems in realtime information interaction [7], virtual-reality synchronisation [8][9] and mutual control [10], etc. Exploring and researching these key technologies is of great significance for the digitalization and intelligence of industrial equipment [11][12]. ...
... Modbus RTU is one of the master-slave communication modes, and the communication interfaces adopt RS485 and RS232, and the communication content adopts formatted hexadecimal word messages. The transmission is carried out in data frame transmission mode, where each frame starts with an address code and ends with a parity bit [3]. The protocol covers two communication stations, master and slave, and there can be more than one slave. ...
The concept of digital twin intends to establish a real-time mapping between physical and virtual spaces, which individuals can use for real-time monitoring and remote control of product operation. This paper presents a web-based truss gantry crane digital twin system. It elucidates the gradual design process of a web-based digital twin system for analyzing the structural performance of heavy equipment. The construction of a six-layer architectural framework for the digital twin system involves an analysis of its components and motion relationships. Sensors perform data collection to provide data support for real-time mapping of digital space to physical space. The setup of an Express server and the integration of routing files accomplish the data collection, transmission, and processing of the communication system, thereby avoiding a decrease in operational efficiency due to data read and write operations and making full use of the server’s capabilities. Use Chrome V8 engine to build 3D visualization space based on HTML and Three.js. Users only need to install a browser to log in to the system at any time and any place to carry out the corresponding operations. Upgrade and maintenance of the system is realized through the operation of the corresponding server, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost.
