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A-G. Diagram of the transveral section of the petioles. Aeschynomene rudis Benth. (A); A. ciliata Vogel (B); A. sensitiva Sw. (C); A. denticulata Rudd (D); A. evenia C. Wright (E); A. fluminensis Vell. (F); A. americana L. (G). Scale 200 μm.
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We present the leaf anatomy of seven amphibious species of Aeschynomene L. (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae), interpreting their structures and ecological functions, and also, providing information on which their taxonomy can be based, especially of morphologically similar species. We evaluated Aeschynomene americana, A. ciliata, A. evenia, A. denticul...
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... transversal section of the petiole shows distinct shapes for the seven evaluated species ( Figure 1A-G). The shape of petiole varied from cylindric in A. sensitiva, A. fluminensis and A. americana ( Figure 1C, F and G), to triangular in A. evenia ( Figure 1E) and quadrangular in A. rudis, A. ciliata and A. denticulata ( Figure 1A, B and D). ...
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... transversal section of the petiole shows distinct shapes for the seven evaluated species ( Figure 1A-G). The shape of petiole varied from cylindric in A. sensitiva, A. fluminensis and A. americana ( Figure 1C, F and G), to triangular in A. evenia ( Figure 1E) and quadrangular in A. rudis, A. ciliata and A. denticulata ( Figure 1A, B and D). On A. sensitiva, A. ciliata and A. denticulata we observed various evident trichomes around the petiole ( Figure 1B, C and D). ...
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... transversal section of the petiole shows distinct shapes for the seven evaluated species ( Figure 1A-G). The shape of petiole varied from cylindric in A. sensitiva, A. fluminensis and A. americana ( Figure 1C, F and G), to triangular in A. evenia ( Figure 1E) and quadrangular in A. rudis, A. ciliata and A. denticulata ( Figure 1A, B and D). On A. sensitiva, A. ciliata and A. denticulata we observed various evident trichomes around the petiole ( Figure 1B, C and D). ...
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... transversal section of the petiole shows distinct shapes for the seven evaluated species ( Figure 1A-G). The shape of petiole varied from cylindric in A. sensitiva, A. fluminensis and A. americana ( Figure 1C, F and G), to triangular in A. evenia ( Figure 1E) and quadrangular in A. rudis, A. ciliata and A. denticulata ( Figure 1A, B and D). On A. sensitiva, A. ciliata and A. denticulata we observed various evident trichomes around the petiole ( Figure 1B, C and D). ...
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... shape of petiole varied from cylindric in A. sensitiva, A. fluminensis and A. americana ( Figure 1C, F and G), to triangular in A. evenia ( Figure 1E) and quadrangular in A. rudis, A. ciliata and A. denticulata ( Figure 1A, B and D). On A. sensitiva, A. ciliata and A. denticulata we observed various evident trichomes around the petiole ( Figure 1B, C and D). ...
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... bundles of the collateral type with sclerenchyma caps externally to the phloem ( Figure 4A) are coated by a sheath of parenchymatic bands containing rhomboid or styloid crystals ( Figure 4E and F). Five vascular units are distributed in the petiole of A. ciliata ( Figure 1B), A. denticulata ( Figure 1D) and A. fluminensis ( Figure 1F), six units in A. sensitiva ( Figure 1C) and seven or more in A. rudis ( Figure 1A), and only four vascular units in A. evenia and A. americana ( Figure 1E and G). Elongated secretion idioblasts with a wide lumen containing phenolic compounds are associated to each vascular unit, next to the center of the petiole ( Figure 1A-G and Figure 4D), of all analyzed species. ...
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... bundles of the collateral type with sclerenchyma caps externally to the phloem ( Figure 4A) are coated by a sheath of parenchymatic bands containing rhomboid or styloid crystals ( Figure 4E and F). Five vascular units are distributed in the petiole of A. ciliata ( Figure 1B), A. denticulata ( Figure 1D) and A. fluminensis ( Figure 1F), six units in A. sensitiva ( Figure 1C) and seven or more in A. rudis ( Figure 1A), and only four vascular units in A. evenia and A. americana ( Figure 1E and G). Elongated secretion idioblasts with a wide lumen containing phenolic compounds are associated to each vascular unit, next to the center of the petiole ( Figure 1A-G and Figure 4D), of all analyzed species. ...
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... bundles of the collateral type with sclerenchyma caps externally to the phloem ( Figure 4A) are coated by a sheath of parenchymatic bands containing rhomboid or styloid crystals ( Figure 4E and F). Five vascular units are distributed in the petiole of A. ciliata ( Figure 1B), A. denticulata ( Figure 1D) and A. fluminensis ( Figure 1F), six units in A. sensitiva ( Figure 1C) and seven or more in A. rudis ( Figure 1A), and only four vascular units in A. evenia and A. americana ( Figure 1E and G). Elongated secretion idioblasts with a wide lumen containing phenolic compounds are associated to each vascular unit, next to the center of the petiole ( Figure 1A-G and Figure 4D), of all analyzed species. ...
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... bundles of the collateral type with sclerenchyma caps externally to the phloem ( Figure 4A) are coated by a sheath of parenchymatic bands containing rhomboid or styloid crystals ( Figure 4E and F). Five vascular units are distributed in the petiole of A. ciliata ( Figure 1B), A. denticulata ( Figure 1D) and A. fluminensis ( Figure 1F), six units in A. sensitiva ( Figure 1C) and seven or more in A. rudis ( Figure 1A), and only four vascular units in A. evenia and A. americana ( Figure 1E and G). Elongated secretion idioblasts with a wide lumen containing phenolic compounds are associated to each vascular unit, next to the center of the petiole ( Figure 1A-G and Figure 4D), of all analyzed species. ...
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... bundles of the collateral type with sclerenchyma caps externally to the phloem ( Figure 4A) are coated by a sheath of parenchymatic bands containing rhomboid or styloid crystals ( Figure 4E and F). Five vascular units are distributed in the petiole of A. ciliata ( Figure 1B), A. denticulata ( Figure 1D) and A. fluminensis ( Figure 1F), six units in A. sensitiva ( Figure 1C) and seven or more in A. rudis ( Figure 1A), and only four vascular units in A. evenia and A. americana ( Figure 1E and G). Elongated secretion idioblasts with a wide lumen containing phenolic compounds are associated to each vascular unit, next to the center of the petiole ( Figure 1A-G and Figure 4D), of all analyzed species. ...
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... bundles of the collateral type with sclerenchyma caps externally to the phloem ( Figure 4A) are coated by a sheath of parenchymatic bands containing rhomboid or styloid crystals ( Figure 4E and F). Five vascular units are distributed in the petiole of A. ciliata ( Figure 1B), A. denticulata ( Figure 1D) and A. fluminensis ( Figure 1F), six units in A. sensitiva ( Figure 1C) and seven or more in A. rudis ( Figure 1A), and only four vascular units in A. evenia and A. americana ( Figure 1E and G). Elongated secretion idioblasts with a wide lumen containing phenolic compounds are associated to each vascular unit, next to the center of the petiole ( Figure 1A-G and Figure 4D), of all analyzed species. ...
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... vascular units are distributed in the petiole of A. ciliata ( Figure 1B), A. denticulata ( Figure 1D) and A. fluminensis ( Figure 1F), six units in A. sensitiva ( Figure 1C) and seven or more in A. rudis ( Figure 1A), and only four vascular units in A. evenia and A. americana ( Figure 1E and G). Elongated secretion idioblasts with a wide lumen containing phenolic compounds are associated to each vascular unit, next to the center of the petiole ( Figure 1A-G and Figure 4D), of all analyzed species. ...
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... Herbarium samples were rehydrated for one week in a 1:1 glycerin-water mixture (Leme & Scremin-Dias 2014), dehydrated in an increasing ethanol series that reached and stored in 70% ethanol. ...
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... A conical multicellular trichome observed on the leaflet surfaces of Cranocarpus (Leelavathi and Ramayya 1983) has received distinct designations such as multiseriate shaggy hairs in Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston (Kannabiran 1979), long cone-shaped trichomes in Aeschynomene L. (Leme and Scremin-Dias 2014), and multicellular hairs or septiform emergencies in Arachis hypogaea L. (Veiga et al. 1994). This trichome type is registered here for the first time for the genus and is considered unique in the Cranocarpus species studied. ...
... Also, bulbous based glandular trichomes are registered here for the first time in the genus Centrolobium and have been considered to be a characteristic of subtribes (Vargas et al. 2018a) and Papilionoideae genera (Flores et al. 2018;Leelavathi and Ramayya 1983;Leme and Scremin-Dias 2014;Metcalfe and Chalk 1950;Vargas et al. 2015;2018b). This trichome is also present on flower buds of Discolobium pulchellum (Bento et al. 2021). ...
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... Leaves exposed to higher sun irradiation levels have straighter anticlinal cell walls because of cuticle thickening (MEDRI; LLEIRAS, 1980;KOLB et al., 2020). Moreover, the lower sinuosity of anticlinal cell walls is considered a xeromorphic adaptation against water loss (MEDRI; LLERAS, 1980;LEME;SCREMIN-DIAS, 2014). In this study, the anticlinal cell walls in the adaxial epidermis, which are directly exposed to light, were straighter. ...
As espécies de Wunderlichia (Asteraceae) são endêmicas das regiões central e leste do Brasil, geralmente encontradas em afloramentos rochosos e sujeitas a altas irradiação solar e temperatura. Tais condições sugerem ocorrência de múltiplas adaptações xeromórficas em Wunderlichia azulensis. Este estudo visou caracterizar a morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de W. azulensis. Raízes, caules e folhas foram coletados de um afloramento rochoso no Maciço do Itaoca, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil. O material vegetal foi fixado, desidratado e emblocado em resina plástica para seções transversais. Testes histoquímicos foram realizados para identificação das classes químicas nas folhas e tricomas de W. azulensis. A morfologia dos tricomas foi avaliada em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. As raízes apresentaram uma estrutura morfoanatômica distinta que pode ser caracterizada como xilopódio. As folhas apresentaram um conjunto de atributos anatômicos adaptativos, como células epidérmicas com paredes anticlinais retas ou levemente sinuosas, alta densidade de tricomas e camada subepidérmica. Os testes histoquímicos revelaram substâncias fenólicas e óleos essenciais no mesofilo. Este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento sobre as adaptações anatômicas das plantas rupícolas e de ambientes xeromórficos, e sugere futuros estudos para elucidação da estrutura das raízes e caules de W. azulensis.
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Research Highlights
Comparative anatomy of three south Indian Elaeocarpus was studied.
Leaf mesophyll layers varied in all the Elaeocarpus species.
Crystals was present in petiole of all examined Elaeocarpus species.
Starch grains was absent in stems of E. tubercuatus , but present in E. variabilis .
Water‐storage cells observed in stellar region of E. variabilis .
... It means that fungi in guttation drops multiply, but their effects on plants are influenced by diverse factors (Endo 1967). Research has been conducted on glandular secreting trichomes to understand and exploit their ability to secrete phytochemicals that may improve resistance to insects, microbes, and herbivores, as well as alter gland metabolism to enhance exudate qualities, such as flavor and aroma in herbs (Světlíková, Hájek, and Těšitel 2015;Leme and Scremin-Dias 2014;Yilan et al. 2011). Plants contain a variety of compounds that, at first glance, appear to be excretory products. ...
Guttation is the mechanism by which liquid exudes from hydathodes located on the tip, along the margins, and on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves. In contrast to stomata, hydathodes, also known as water stomata or water pores, are often open, representing the path of least resistance to liquid outflow from them. Guttation fluids are made up of several organic compounds. This paper focuses on the defensive properties of the chemical compositions of the guttation extracts of Oryza sativa, Momordica charantia, Luffa acutnugula, and Ricinus communis extracted using five different solvents, which were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The mass spectra of the compounds present in the guttation fluids were matched by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. GC-MS analysis of guttation fluid extracts of crop plants revealed the existence of compounds with antifungal and antimicrobial properties which may act as barriers to pathogens. The numerous compounds found in plant extracts, such as fatty acids, organic acids, and terpenoids, have a wide range of protective activities and mechanisms that can serve as the first line of defense against pests and diseases.
... canescens. Similar appendages have been reported previously in Stylosanthes and other dalbergioids, including Aeschynomene L. (Solereder, 1908;Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950;Leme and Scremin-Dias, 2014), Arachis L. (Solereder, 1908;Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950;Veiga et al., 1994), Chapmannia Torr. & A. Gray (Solereder, 1908;Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950), Cranocarpus Benth. ...
Stylosanthes comprises about 50 species, with Brazil being one of the main diversity centers. Stylosanthes guianensis constitutes a problematic taxonomic complex, comprising four varieties of S. guianensis and seven other species. Considering the difficulty of taxon delimitation, this study assessed the potential value of the secretory structures and other anatomical characters to the diagnosis of taxa within the complex. We analyzed the leaflet and stem anatomy and micromorphology of representatives of the S. guianensis complex using light and scanning electron microscopy. Long uniseriate non-glandular hairs occurred on the stems and leaflets of all species. Secretory structures with a dilated base and a tapered distal portion occurred on both stems and leaflets, except in S. guianensis var. canescens. Polysaccharides, lipids and terpenes were histochemically detected in the secretory exudates. In the stem of S. gracilis, chlorenchyma cells were observed to be radially elongated, while in the other taxa studied they were isodiametric. On leaflets of S. guianensis var. pauciflora, S. acuminata, S. aurea, and S. gracilis, the midrib was eccentric and the veins closer to the leaflet margin had larger fiber caps. Anatomical structures proved to be useful for separating taxa. Stylosanthes guianensis var. canescens and S. guianensis var. pauciflora differ from the other varieties of the species and are possibly worthy of recognition at species rank. Our findings also reinforce the status of S. gracilis as a distinct species.
... No entanto, no PubMed encontraram-se apenas três artigos, onde um apresentou repetição com outros abordados em outras plataformas. Logo, apresentou-se em um estudo a anatomia foliar de sete espécies anfíbias do gênero Aeschynomene, dentre essas a A. denticulata Scremin-Dias, 2014). Em outro estudo avaliou a atividade acaricida in vitro de extratos de 21 espécies de plantas do Pantanal mato-grossense, incluindo a espécie de angiquinho (Santos et al.,2013). ...
Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled multiplication and proliferation of genetically modified cells, being one of the main causes of death in the world. The therapy available to date is the use ofchemotherapeutics that have adverse effects on patients, and, in addition, are non-specific as they affect normal cells. Thus, the search for information about molecules with anticancer activity becomes a relevant tool for mapping and biotechnological applications. Thus, the objective was to carry out a scientific and technological survey of the plant Aeschynomene denticulatawith emphasis on essential oil and its anticancer activity in articles and patents indexed in national and international platforms. For this, keywords and combinations of terms with the Boolean operator AND were used for the search: “Aeschynomene denticulata”, “Antitumor”, “Cancer”, “Essential oil” and “Metastasis”. The results show that most of the articles and patents use the descriptor Aeschynomene denticulata. In the scientific databases, PubMed, Scielo and Scopus presented 3, 7 and 23 articles, respectively. In terms of technology, the only one to present patents was EPO, in a total of 23 works, considering Germany highlighted in theprotection of research involving Aeschynomene denticulata. When used in combination of descriptors, no articles and/or patents were found. Thus, it is concluded that there are few studies and technologies developed with the plant species and that there are no works involving applications of essential oil in cancer
... Aeschynomene and Ctenodon Baill. (Fig. 5.2b and c, respectively), for example, comprises a group of species adapted to floodable areas and another group less tolerant of waterlogging (Leme and Scremin-Dias 2014). ...
Since studies on Leguminosae in the Pantanal are still at their early stage, the estimated data on their species richness are inaccurate. In this chapter, we investigate the richness of Leguminosae in the Pantanal and calculate the taxonomic distinctness of the family and growth habits. We recorded a significant number of legume taxa distributed in five of the six subfamilies currently recognized to Leguminosae. Some genera occur in areas with low rainfall, while others only grow in areas with high precipitation. The results of the taxonomic distinctness reported for South American dry areas are higher than those obtained for the Pantanal. In given Pantanal areas subject to flooding in part of the year, water plays an important role in species selection, and this may contribute to lower taxonomic distinctness. Phytogeographic domains such as the Chaco, the Cerrado, the Atlantic forest, and the Amazon rainforest influence the floristic composition of the Pantanal. This is confirmed by the presence of legume species with different diversification histories.KeywordsFabaceaeFlooded ForestFloraSouth American Wetlands
... For instance, hydathode distribution over the leaf blade and on the leaf blade margins, xylem arrangement and the occurrence of a sheath are all features used to identify species of some genera in Asteraceae (Castro et al., 1997). In Aeschynomene L., epithem arrangement and the location of hydathode trichomes are helpful in the differentiation of species (Leme & Scremin-Dias, 2014). Considering that we confirmed the occurrence of hydathodes in Aspilia sp., A. foliacea, A. jolyana, C. divergens and T. baccata, future research may help elucidate the diagnostic value of hydathodes for the genera of these species of Asteraceae and for the sampled genera of Dilleniaceae, Campanulaceae and Apiaceae. ...
Leaf teeth are projections on the leaf blade margin. They are structurally variable, with characters that are important for taxonomy and phylogeny, but there is a paucity of information on the anatomy of these structures and little understanding of the features and their functions. Here we describe and compare the leaf tooth anatomy of 47 eudicot species. Toothed margin samples from leaves at different developmental stages were collected, fixed and studied under light and scanning electron microscopy. We identified eight leaf tooth morphotypes, six of which occurred with glands. Hydathodes were the most common glands, being found in 11 species; colleters were found in ten species and extrafloral nectaries were found in two species. Cunonioid teeth either devoid of glands or associated with hydathodes were found in Lamiales, Asterales and Apiales. Dillenioid teeth associated with hydathodes were found in Dilleniales. Spinose teeth associated with colleters were found in Aquifoliales. In rosids, we found begonioid, malvoid, theoid, urticoid and violoid teeth, which may be associated with either colleters or nectaries or lack an associated gland. For each family studied, there was only one type of association between gland and tooth, demonstrating the systematic potential of these glands in eudicots.
... The structure of the petiole is significant for the discrimination of taxa and has considerable taxonomic importance in many genera, once it is less affected by environmental changes (Metcalfe & Chalk, 1950); the shape and type of vascular cylinder in the petiole were remarkable characters (Ayensu, 1968) as the morphologic separation is hard within some species (Leme & Scremin-Dias, 2014). Particularly, Akinsulire et al. (2018) utilized the shape of the vascular cylinder and the arrangement of the accessory vascular bundles of the petiole as diagnostic characters for the separation between five species of Terminalia in southwest Nigeria. ...
TERMINALIA in Egypt is represented by nine species. The locations of the different collected species were georeferenced with a GPS device. The samples were identified at the Cairo University Herbarium (CAI). Anatomical sections were investigated with a light microscope; Olympus BX51. Photomicrographs were taken using photomicroscope; Olympus DP12. Twenty-four anatomical characters have significant diversity. In leaf, type of mesophyll, length of palisade tissue, number and size of the main and accessory vascular bundles, presence or absence of vascular bundles in small veins as well as lysigenous ducts and crystals. In petiole, the number, shape and distribution of the main and accessory vascular bundles, types of bundle sheath, number of lysigenous ducts, etc. Qualitative and quantitative data of the anatomical characters have been investigated through numerical method by using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). An artificial key was constructed that could be a taxonomic delimitation for comparison between species. This Study proposed that anatomical features of leaf lamina and petiole of Terminalia species investigated should be used as an effective delimitation for authentication and differentiation between the species.
