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![A Fracture classification of the distal ulna according to Biyani et al. [5]. Type 1: Extra-articular fractures with minimal comminution (10 patients). Type 2: Fractures of the metaphysis and the ulnar styloid (1patient). Type 3: Ulna fracture combined with fracture of the ulnar styloid (6 patients). Type 4: Completely comminuted fracture of the ulna metaphysis (3 patients). B Anterior–posterior radiographs showing distal ulna fractures according to Biyani classification 1–4 (a–d)](publication/362078615/figure/fig1/AS:11431281159464200@1684374949252/A-Fracture-classification-of-the-distal-ulna-according-to-Biyani-et-al-5-Type-1.png)
A Fracture classification of the distal ulna according to Biyani et al. [5]. Type 1: Extra-articular fractures with minimal comminution (10 patients). Type 2: Fractures of the metaphysis and the ulnar styloid (1patient). Type 3: Ulna fracture combined with fracture of the ulnar styloid (6 patients). Type 4: Completely comminuted fracture of the ulna metaphysis (3 patients). B Anterior–posterior radiographs showing distal ulna fractures according to Biyani classification 1–4 (a–d)
Source publication
Introduction
Given the absence of a satisfying plate system to deal with multifragmentary or subcapital distal ulnar fractures, the Distal Ulna Locking Plate (DUL, I.T.S. GmbH, Graz, Austria) could become a useful treatment option. This study aimed to evaluate the results of this anatomically pre-contoured plate regarding patients with unstable or...
Citations
... Various techniques are described for the fixation of distal ulnar neck fractures, including Kirschner-wire (K-wire) fixation, tension band wiring, plate and screw constructs, and intramedullary headless screw (IMHS) fixation [3,4,6]. Plate fixation is well established in the literature as the gold standard for stability and union [7][8][9][10]. However, the distal ulna has a tenuous soft tissue envelope and rates of hardware removal related to plate prominence have been documented at 29% [11]. ...
... The available data was limited due to the retrospective design, with limited patient-reported outcomes data. Statistical comparisons were limited by group size, a post-hoc piori power analysis based on the work by Stock et al., showed that group sizes of at least 13 patients per group would have been necessary to achieve 80% power at an alpha error of p<0.05 [7]. Future studies should prospectively collect patients managed nonoperatively or operatively, with multiple fixation methods, to identify statistical differences in radiographic and functional outcomes among the various treatment modalities. ...
Metal work failure after fracture fixation is not common. However, when established it may be associated with pain, limb deformity, functional impairment and need for revision surgery. While the causes can be multifactorial including non-compliance, poor bone stock, non-optimum fixation, selection of wrong implant, metal fatigue and infection, its true incidence remains unknown. Herein, we report the incidence of metal work failure after fracture fixation in different anatomical areas.
