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A) Forward-backward mattress jumps. B) Reaction sprint drill with instructor. C) Resisted sprint with band drill.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if a sports-specific training program could improve neuromuscular indices in female high school volleyball players. We combined components from a previously published knee ligament injury prevention intervention program for jump and strength training with additional exercises and drills to improve speed, a...
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Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes,...
Citations
... Introdução O voleibol é caracterizado por esforços intensos e de curta duração, sendo exigidas várias capacidades físicas, entre elas a força e a potência, principalmente nos saltos 1 . Os atletas realizam saltos durante os bloqueios, ataques, saques e levantamentos, além de deslocamentos rápidos durante a defesa, necessitando de força e potência para realizar tais fundamentos técnicos 2 . ...
Introdução: O gene ACTN3 codifica a proteína α-actinina-3 nas linhas Z do sarcômero, que ancora a proteína actina no aparelho contrátil, presente exclusivamente nas fibras musculares do tipo II, apresentando maior capacidade glicolítica, que é essencial para esportes com ações de alta intensidade e curta duração, como é o caso do voleibol. Objetivo: Verificar a frequência e distribuição do gene ACTN3, genótipos RR e RX, que expressam α-actinina-3 (EX α-actinina-3), e genótipo XX, que não expressa α-actinina-3 (NE α-actinina-3), e sua relação com atletas brasileiras de voleibol. Materiais e Métodos: Fizeram parte do estudo noventa e sete (97) atletas da Superliga Feminina de Voleibol. Foram avaliados a massa corporal, a estatura e a idade, para caracterização da amostra. Analisaram-se amostras salivares por meio de PCR em tempo real, para determinação dos genótipos, e, para verificar a associação do genótipo ao status de atleta de voleibol nas três categorias (Equipes Nacionais, Seleção Nacional e Olímpica), foi feito o teste de Qui-quadrado de independência (2). Para obter a razão de chances do desfecho, foi realizada uma análise regressão log linear. Todos os testes foram realizados por meio do programa estatístico JAMOVI 2.4 (2023).Resultados: Entre as atletas da amostra que disputam a competição nacional, 91,8% apresentam o genótipo EX-α-actinina-3. Já quando consideramos as competições internacionais, 93,7% apresentou o genótipo EX-α-actinina-3. Em se tratando das atletas que atuam pela seleção brasileira nos jogos olímpicos, 100% da amostra apresentou o genótipo EX-α-actinina-3. Considerando que na população mundial a frequência é de 80%, é possível verificar que, à medida que se aproxima das atletas que participam da seleção feminina, há maior participação daquelas com genótipo EX-α-actinina-3. Além disso, houve associação entre os genótipos EX α-actinina-3 e a categoria nacional com o status de atleta de elite, onde (χ²) obteve o valor de p (0,023) e a razão da taxa (2,71) para o desfecho dos genótipos (EX α-actinina-3) serem atletas de elite. Conclusão: As características genéticas do atleta, o ambiente, a nutrição e a preparação física, técnica e tática são alguns dos fatores que contribuem para o desempenho esportivo. Entretanto, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que os genótipos RR e RX que expressam α-actinina-3, presente nas fibras musculares do tipo II, parecem conferir uma vantagem a atletas de voleibol de alto rendimento.
... A chronometer was employed to record the duration time on second and the time was recorded as an athlete's score [15]. The best of two attempts was recorded as an athlete score [15,20,21]. 20-yard speed test was used to assess speed in volleyball. ...
... According to the literature, three SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs in soccer, basketball and volleyball are specifically designed, resulting in performance enhancement and non-contact ACL injury prevention in healthy female athletes [25]. The exercises were done on a regular three sessions a week for 6 weeks, roughly 90 min per session, including the specific warm-up, speed, agility, plyometric, strength and specific cool-down exercises [15,20,21]. A list of SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs (used in our study) and their instruction is illustrated in the supplementary references. ...
... Speed and strength are also critical factors in power improvement, and SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs incorporate plyometric, strength, speed, and agility exercises to enhance these performance factors [36]. Previous research has demonstrated improvements in power, speed, and agility in healthy soccer, basketball, and volleyball players who participated in SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs [15,20,21]. In this regard, enhancements of performance factors (power, speed and agility) which are important components in success in soccer, basketball and volleyball were predictable. ...
PurposeThis study investigated the effects of SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs on core strength, balance and performance of female athletes with ligament dominance.Methods
Eighty-four female athletes (30 volleyball, 30 basketball and 24 soccer players) with ligament dominance were equally divided into training group (TG) and control group (CG). The TG underwent SportsMetrics neuromuscular trainings for 6 weeks, while the CG kept up with their regular trainings. The Tuck jump, McGill’s, Y Balance, T and Illinois agility, speed tests 20-yard and 40-yard, and vertical jump tests were used to assess the ligament dominance, core strength, balance, agility, speed and lower extremity power.ResultsThe ANCOVA test exhibited a significant enhancement in core strength of soccer (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.60) and volleyball (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.51) players, dynamic balance of soccer (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.74) and basketball (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.60) players, agility of soccer (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.54), basketball (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.27), and volleyball (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.40), speed of soccer (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.52), basketball (p = 0.04, η2 = 0.16) and volleyball (p = 0.03, η2 = 0.17) players, and jump height of soccer (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.39), basketball (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.21), and volleyball (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.36) players. Knee abduction angles significantly decreased in soccer (p < 0.01, ƞ2 = 0.71), basketball (p < 0.01, ƞ2 = 0.42) and volleyball (p < 0.01, ƞ2 = 0.76) players after SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs.Conclusion
Application of SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs either modifies the knee injury risk factors or enhances performance among female athletes with ligament dominance. Female athletes with ligament dominance are recommended to incorporate sport-specific SportsMetrics neuromuscular training programs into their training programs.
... Several IPEPs have been designed to reduce the risk of ACL and other knee injuries in athletes, especially in sports that involve frequent changes of direction, such as soccer. Some of the most widely used and recommended programs are FIFA 11+ (Owoeye et al., 2014;Silvers-Granelli et al., 2015;Soligard et al., 2008), HarmoKnee (Shojaei et al., 2011), Knaekontroll (Waldén et al., 2012), Sportmetrics TM (Hewett et al., 1996;Noyes et al., 2011), and Prevent Injury and Enhance Performance Program (PEP) (Gilchrist et al., 2008;Mandelbaum et al., 2005). These programs share some common components of exercise such as muscle strengthening, plyometrics, balance, and agility exercises, as well as technique-related feedback that aim to improve neuromuscular control and biomechanics (Padua et al., 2018). ...
... Lower limb injuries in soccer have drawn numerous efforts for prophylactic measures by researchers around the world. Injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) such as HarmoKnee (Shojaei et al., 2011), Knaekontroll (Waldén et al., 2012), Sportsmetrics TM (Hewett et al., 1996;Noyes et al., 2011), PEP (Gilchrist et al., 2008;Mandelbaum et al., 2005), and the extensively promoted FIFA 11+ ( There are very few publications available regarding the implementation of IPEPs. IPEP implementation could range between 20 % to 85 % of female teams across varying competition levels (Emery & Meeuwisse, 2010;Emery et al., 2007;Joy et al., 2013;Kiani et al., 2010;Lindblom et al., 2014). ...
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury persists to be one of the dominant and dreaded injury in soccer. With costly implications to players, teams, and practitioners, injury prevention exercises and training programmes have been researched specifically with the intention to reduce the likelihood of ACL injury. However, the implementation, adherence, understanding of injury prevention training programmes in Malaysia have been underwhelming. Several factors to the issue include a lack of injury prevalence documentation and a lack of knowledge of injury risk and prevention, among coaches, practitioners, and the players themselves. In the first part of this study, injury rates and conditions were documented from several elite soccer teams in Malaysia across different age groups to get an illustration of the injury prevalence in elite soccer. It was found that most of the injuries that occur in Malaysian elite soccer occurs in the lower limb, specifically in the knee and ankle joints. Coaches, players, and practitioners from soccer teams across various soccer competition levels were then surveyed for their knowledge, attitude, and practices of injury prevention exercise programmes. It was generally agreed that injury prevention was very important, however, the practice of evidence-based injury prevention was reported by just over a third of respondents. Only half of the responding players admitted to being well informed about injury risk factors most players admitted practicing a combination of exercises both proven and unproven efficacy towards preventing injury. This finding suggests a better player education and maintenance of injury prevention programmes as irregular sessions and monotonous sessions were the most common barriers to proper implementation of such programmes. In the second and third part of the study, several selected overground soccer match simulations were reviewed in pursuit of developing an ecologically valid soccer match simulation with the incorporation of ball utility tasks, where similar physiological responses in the newly developed Ball-Oriented Soccer Simulation (BOSS) were similar to a previously existing overground soccer match-play simulation (OSMS; HR: BOSS = 156 ± 5 bpm, OSMS = 160 ± 7 bpm; RPE: BOSS = 14 ± 1, OSMS = 15 ± 2). Exertions in the BOSS revealed discrepancies between the left and right peak knee abduction moments during bipedal landings, as well as reductions in hamstrings eccentric peak torques, as well as functional hamstrings to quadriceps ratios, suggested a higher risk of injuries. Following a multicomponent injury prevention exercise program (IPEP), it was found that IPEP participants displayed improved tolerance to BOSS exertions. Biomechanical responses in the control group showed more extended knee and hip joint angles compared to the IPEP participants. The findings suggest that the BOSS may replicate similar responses to actual soccer match-play. The BOSS was then used as a fatigue protocol during the investigation towards the temporal efficacy of a multicomponent injury prevention training programme on biomechanical markers of ACL injury. It was found that a multicomponent injury prevention programme improved participants’ landing mechanics and allowed a sustained landing kinematic throughout the accumulation of fatigue from soccer-specific exertions.
... Vielmehr ist zu sehen, dass weibliche Jugendliche bereits vor dem Erwachsenenalter Sprunghöhen von ca. 20 bis 40 cm aufweisen können und durch das Reifen der Sportlerinnen keine automatische Steigerung zu erwarten ist(Buśko et al., 2012;Noyes et al., 2011;Stamm et al., 2019). Stamm und Kollegen (2019) untersuchten ebenfalls die Sprunghöhen aus dem Stand von männlichen Jugendlichen, bei denen sie Werte zwischen 30 cm und 47 cm feststellen konnten. ...
In der Arbeit werden Interventionsstudien zur Steigerung der Sprungkraft im Volleyball in Form eines systematischen Reviews analysiert, die Fragestellung lautet: "Inwiefern können verschiedene Interventionen zum Training der drei verschiedenen Kraftfähigkeiten, Maximalkraft, Schnellkraft und Reaktivkraft, zur Verbesserung der volleyballspezifischen Sprungkraft in Form des Counter-Movement-Jumps und/oder Jump-and-Reach-Sprungs von Breitensportler bzw. (Semi)profisportlern beitragen und die relative Sprunghöhe in diesen Sprungarten verbessern?"
Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse erfolgt als Fließtext, in Tabellen (unterteilt in Kraftfähigkeiten) und als ausführliche Tabelle im Anhang.
In der Diskussion bewertet der Autor die Studien anhand ihrer Limitationen und des Evidenzlevels und fasst sie anhand der Subgruppen zusammen.
Hervorzuheben ist hier die systematische Aufarbeitung und die nochmals in der Diskussion herausgearbeiteten Implikationen für das Training der Sprungkraft.
... Strength training focused on hip flexion and abduction, hamstring, core, and abdominal musculatures to aid in proper lower extremity alignment and muscle recruitment patterns has been considered a good tool to prevent injuries, develop muscle strength and improve physical fitness related to volleyball performance [7,8]. It is particularly important for young players because injury may be detrimental to the training process, volleyball performance and the athlete's career. ...
The present study aimed to examine the changes that occurred in vertical jump and isokinetic dynamometer (ISK) performances at the beginning of a preparatory period (PRE) and at the start of the competitive period (POST). Sixteen U-17 elite female volleyball players, from a national level (15.34 ± 1.19 years; 66.35 ± 7.95 kg; 169.22 ± 24.79 cm), performed bilateral squat jump (SJ), bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) and unilateral ISK tests for knee flexors (Fl) and extensors (Ex) both at 60°/s and at 300°/s. Peak torque (PT) and the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio were assessed by concentric actions. Asymmetries were calculated by the percentage differences between dominant (DOM) and nondominant legs (NDOM). The paired Student’s t-test was used for comparisons at a level of significance of 5%. The effect size was also calculated. A significant increase was found for both SJ (15%; p = 0.004; ES = 0.82) and CMJ (12%; p = 0.017; ES = 0.62). The PT of NDOM flexors at 60°/s was significantly lower than DOM both at PRE (4.6%; p = 0.048; ES = −0.22) and POST (6.3%; p = 0.037; ES = −0.33). The NDOM extensors at 60°/s had a significantly lower PT than DOM at POST (7.0%; p = 0.048; ES = −0.23). Both DOM and NDOM flexors at 60°/s had a PT enhancement at POST related to PRE (6.7%; p = 0.031; ES = 0.51 and 5.6%; p = 0.037; ES = 0.48, respectively). The PT of NDOM extensors at 300°/s increased at POST in comparison to PRE (7.9%; p = 0.038; ES = 0.27). The NDOM at 300°/s had a H:Q ratio higher than DOM both in PRE and POST (8.6%; p = 0.041; ES = 0.37 and 11.6%; p = 0.013; ES = 0.71, respectively), and the highest H:Q ratios were lower than the reference values (
... A possible justification may be related to many hops and jumps in the hopping training, thus presenting a greater impact on this factor. The hopping training has been included as a sport-specific exercise and as a drill designed to improve speed, agility, and aerobic conditioning [40,41] and is appreciated by players and coaches increasing player compliance and participation [42][43][44]. The available evidence suggests that hopping exercises can elicit change in the stiffness of various elastic components of the muscle-tendon complex of plantar flexors [45]. ...
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has a higher frequency in soccer due to the rapid changes in body movement. Thus, this study compared the effects of eight weeks of a hopping protocol and a combined protocol of balance plus strength in a within-between group analysis. Thirty-six male professional soccer players participated in this study and were randomly allocated in three groups: control group (CG, n = 12), hopping group (HG, n = 12), and balance plus strength group (BSG, n = 12). Strength, static and dynamic balance, and function were assessed at baseline and eight weeks post intervention. First, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and FAAM sport scales were applied. Then, a dynamometer was used to measure strength of the muscles around the hip, knee, and ankle joints. The Bass stick measured static balance and the Y balance test measured dynamic balance. Additionally, functional tests were carried out by Triple Hop, the Figure 8 hop, and vertical jump. A repeated measures ANOVA [(3 groups) × 2 moments] was used to compare the within and between group differences. In general, all tests improved after eight weeks of training with both protocols. Specifically, the BSG improved with large ES for all tests, while the HG improved all test with small to large effect sizes (ES). Furthermore, HG showed higher values for vertical jump (p < 0.01, ES = 1.88) and FAAMSPORT (p < 0.05, ES = 0.15) than BSG. BSG showed higher values for hip abduction (p < 0.05, ES = 2.77), hip adduction (p < 0.05, ES = 0.87), and ankle inversion (p < 0.001, ES = 1.50) strength tests, while HG showed higher values for knee flexion [ES = 0.86, (0.02, 1.69)] and ankle plantarflexion [ES = 0.52, (−0.29, 1.33)]. Balance plus strength protocol showed more positive effects than the hopping protocol alone for soccer players with CAI.
... Hip muscle strengthening interventions using eccentric, isometric, concentric contraction on hip muscles such as hip external rotator muscle strengthening are frequently prescribed to modify lower extremity kinematics [15,[21][22][23][24]. However, there is limited or contradictory evidence to support their effectiveness. ...
... However, there is limited or contradictory evidence to support their effectiveness. Several studies have shown that hip muscle strengthening interventions can improve lower extremity-related kinematics variables [15,21,22], while others did not significantly improve [25,26]. ...
Purpose
Poor lower extremity kinematics have been linked with lower extremity injuries. One of the main contributing factors in the development of poor lower extremity kinematics is hip muscle weaknesses. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature related to the effects of hip muscle strengthening on lower extremity kinematics among healthy subjects.
Methods
A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using the following databases: Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PEDro and EBSCO. The selected studies had to distinguish the effects of hip muscle strengthening in healthy subjects, as compared to non-intervention or other kinds of intervention, and investigate at least one of the lower extremity kinematic factors. Two researchers performed study screening for obtaining the quality assessment scores in each included study using the PEDro scale. Statistical heterogeneity was tested using the Chi² test and I² statistic.
Results
Five studies were entered to review. There was level 1b or moderate evidence based on one “high” quality study that demonstrated hip muscle strengthening intervention was effective in the improvement of lower extremity kinematics.
Conclusion
It is difficult to make any definitive conclusions based on the results of this review and further research is needed. However, it should be considered that prescription hip muscle strengthening interventions alone maybe has a small effect on lower extremity kinematics in healthy subjects.
... The plyometric training was designed to decrease landing forces and increase knee joint stability by improving lower-extremity neuromuscular control and increasing muscle power. 21,22,24 There were three phases in the program: Phase 1 (1-2 weeks) taught appropriate jump techniques; Phase 2 (3-4 weeks) aimed to increase strength, power, and ability using the jump techniques; and Phase 3 (5-6 weeks) aimed to maximize jump ability. Prior to plyometric training, the participants were instructed to performed dynamic warm-up for lower extremity including jogging, side shuffles, and stretching. ...
... The most accepted positive effect of plyometric training is to increase the VJ distance. 2,4,22,33 A recent meta-analysis showed that VJ height can increase in both male and female volleyball players with plyometric training programs of low volume and frequency (<8 weeks). 33 The studies used 6-week plyometric training reported 10% 21 and 9.2% 38 improvements in VJ height in female volleyball players, which were consistent with our findings. ...
... The first study described and used Sports-Metric plyometric training program in female volleyball players found 7% of increase in VJ height. 22 The lower increase in VJ height was explained by due to lower intensity of the program when compared with other plyometric training program. The Sportsmetrics ™ training program primarily aims to enhance lowerextremity alignment and neuromuscular control and improve jump height in adolescent female athletes to prevent lower-extremity injuries. ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training on vastus lateralis (VL) and patellar tendon size, quadriceps isokinetic strength, and vertical jump height in adolescent female volleyball players. Thirty players (age mean ± SD : 15.7 ± 1.1 years) participated in a 6-week Sportsmetrics ™ plyometric training program. VL thickness, echo intensity, and patellar tendon cross-sectional area were assessed by real-time ultrasound. Isokinetic quadriceps strength and vertical jump were assessed. The VL thickness, quadriceps strength, and VJ height increased and VL–echo intensity decreased after training. We recommended that 6-week Sportmetrics plyometric training program may be implemented in adolescent female volleyball programs especially before the beginning of the volleyball season.
... Therefore, we confirmed the hypothesis that strength training contributes to a significant improvement in the height, time, and power of the jumps. Such results are confirmed by many studies [30][31][32][33]. Moreover, the greatest force effect after the training period was evident in each of the three jumping cases during testing, which is similar to what was found by Pritchard et al. [34], where flight time also increased Scientific research on skaters has proven that in short-track, the muscles of the right lower limb are more loaded when skating, which is related to the specific character of this discipline. ...
Background
The purpose of this study was to identify the biomedical signals of short-track athletes by
evaluating the effects of monthly strength training on changes in their neuromuscular profile,
strength, and power parameters of the lower limb muscles. Muscle asymmetry, which can
cause a risk of injury, was also evaluated.
Methods and results
This study involved female athletes, age 18.8 ± 2.7 years, with a height of 162 ± 2.4 cm, and
weight of 55.9 ± 3.9 kg. Before and after the monthly preparatory period prior to the season,
strength measurements were assessed through the Swift SpeedMat platform, and reactivity
of the lower limb muscles was assessed with tensiomyography (TMG). The athletes were
also tested before and after the recovery training period. In the test after strength training, all
average countermovement jump (CMJ) results improved. Flight time showed an increase
with a moderate to large effect, using both legs (5.21%). Among the TMG parameters, time
contraction (Tc) changed globally with a decrease (-5.20%). Changes in the results of the
test after recovery training were most often not significant.
Conclusion
A monthly period of strength training changes the neuromuscular profile of short-track
female athletes, with no significant differences between the right and left lower limbs.
... Although plyometric-only studies as the above provide a useful insight into this training modality's effect on young female volleyball players, plyometric training was not intended as a 'stand-alone' training modality, but combined with other forms [6]. When a 6-week multicomponent neuromuscular training programme [26] was employed with ~ 15 years old female competitive volleyball players, vertical jump height (measured with a Vertec Jump system) improved by 1.4 cm (3.5%, ES = 0.24). The different vertical jump types (e.g. ...
Plyometric training has shown to improve vertical jump height, but the design and implementation of a plyometric training programme for adolescents requires consideration of several variables as well as the time of the season. The purpose of this study was to implement a pragmatic programme that improves vertical jump height, and to monitor the effects of a 15 week off-season plyometric and resistance training programme on the vertical jump height in adolescent female volleyball players. Ten adolescent female volleyball players (age: 15.1 ± 0.9 years, height: 1.71 ± 0.04 m, body mass: 63.6 ± 6.0 kg, volleyball training experience: 5.1 ± 1.4 years) underwent 15 weeks of plyometric and resistance training (twice and once a week, respectively). A single-targeted block periodised approach and a linear periodisation model were applied. Vertical jump height was assessed before the programme (T1), after 4 weeks (T2), after 12 weeks (T3) and at the end of the programme (T4). Jump height significantly increased by 8.8% over the full time of the investigation. No significant difference was found between T1 and T2 but for all other pairwise comparisons. Similarly, leg power was observed to increase by 6.5% (P = 0.001). The 15-weeks training programme showed to improve jump height and leg power. In consideration of its practical nature and its results in comparison with similar intervention studies, the programme suggests practical relevance for coaches.
