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A): Estero de Paco before Rehabilitation, (B) Estero de Paco after rehabilitation (photo from ©ABS-CBN Foundation Inc.).
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Environmental biomonitoring of water bodies is routinely done to assess the ecological state of aquatic systems by detecting the hazardous and genotoxic pollutants. In this study, a combination of atomic absorption spectroscopy and the fish micronucleus assay was used to determine and compare the genotoxic potential of water bodies specifically the...
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... along with other partner agencies and organizations undertook the task of cleaning up Estero de Pacoas part of the greater campaign to rehabilitate and clean the Pasig River and its tributaries (Asian Development Bank 2012). The efforts to clean Estero de Paco, lead to an aesthetically better looking Estero as compared to its former state ( Fig. 1A and 1B). Contrary to Estero de Paco, no efforts have been made to rehabilitate the Estero de Vitas, which is located at Tondo, Manila (Fig. 2B). It is close to the Smokey Mountain dumpsite where electronic waste recycling and salvaging of garbage is rampant, especially in the dumpsite drainage, termed Smokey Mountain, causing an increase in ...
Citations
... Kadar mikronuklei ikan nila dari Waduk Selorejo melebihi batas normal yang mengindikasikan ikan dalam kondisi terganggu. Jumlah mikronuklei pada ikan normal yaitu berkisar antara 8-23 sel/1000 (Alam et al., 2019). Mikronukleus didefinisikan sebagai badan ekstranuklear yang mengandung fragmen kromosom atau keseluruhan kromosom yang tidak bergabung dengan nukleus setelah proses pembelahan sel, peningkatan jumlah pembentukan mikronukelus dapat disebabkan oleh paparan limbah (Tyastuti et al., 2016). ...
Hematological observations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were carried out in oligotrophic waters (Wonorejo Reservoir) in July-August 2018 and eutrophic waters (Selorejo Reservoir) in March-April 2021. Both reservoirs are located in East Java, Indonesia. The number of fish samples from the Wonorejo Reservoir was 80 fish, while the sample from the Selorejo Reservoir was 108 fish. Sampling was carried out 3 times every 2 weeks. The erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels of tilapia from Selorejo Reservoir (eutrophic waters) were lower than those from oligotrophic waters. The condition of low levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit indicates that fish are under stress. The leukocytes and micronuclei were higher in fish from eutrophic waters which were thought to be less healthy. The hematology of Nile tilapia from the Wonorejo Reservoir (oligotrophic) was in good condition, while the Nile tilapia from the Selorejo Reservoir (eutrophic) was not in good condition, which was thought to be due to the eutrophic condition of the waters there was an imbalance of physico-chemical water, so that the health of the fish was disturbed
... In both campaigns, the most frequent nuclear abnormalities were blebbed and notched. A study by Alam et al. (2019) evaluating two tributaries of the Pasig River system demonstrated the significant presence of these nuclear abnormalities, also in the test organism O. niloticus. ...
... IAN index nuclear abnormalities, IEM index of mutagenic effect, ID index of damages, SD standard deviation of the mean, nd all values were 0 Environ Sci Pollut Res formation, corroborating the results observed in this study, which show that the stations where NA were higher presented significant MN results. Given the above, it can be observed that the use of micronucleus test in O. niloticus is a powerful tool in toxicogenetic studies (Ayylon and Garcia-Vazquez 2000;Bianchi et al. 2015;Bolognesi et al. 2006;Ergene et al. 2007;Matsumoto et al. 2006;Summak et al. 2010;Alam et al. 2019;Gomes et al. 2018;Risjani et al. 2020). ...
The Itapemirim River is considered one of the most important water resources in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. However, environmental problems due to continuous anthropogenic contamination are threatening its potential use. This study assessed water quality by analyzing abiotic and toxicogenetic aspects of the water from four stations along the river. Samples were collected in both dry and rainy seasons. Most of the abiotic variables were below the threshold established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, and so were most of the metals. However, Al and Cu contents were above those allowed by legislation, ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 mg/L. Regarding toxicogenetic aspects, genotoxic effects were observed in meristematic cells of Allium cepa, in micronucleus test and comet assay of Oreochromis niloticus, and CHO-K1 cells. Mutagenic effects were significant at RI 02 (0.34), RI 03 (0.46), and RI 04 (0.12) stations on the first campaign in A. cepa F1 cells, compared to the negative control (0.0). The second campaign revealed the same results, but with the addition of samples from RI 01 (0.17) and RI 03 (0.18) showing mutagenicity in the micronucleus test with fish erythrocytes when compared to the negative control (0.3). Essentially, all the samples evaluated in both campaigns showed damage in A. cepa, O. niloticus, and CHO-K1 cells, thus demonstrating that the water quality of the Itapemirim River is compromised and requires action plans for its recovery.
Streams and rivers are the most threatened and exploited freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Land-use changes, particularly the conversion of forests to agricultural, residential, and industrial areas, have greatly impacted them, leading to declining water body quality and biodiversity loss. Thus, evaluating rivers and identifying threats is crucial to protect and rehabilitate them adequately. A combination of physical, chemical, and bio- logical indicators in assessing the ecological conditions of aquatic ecosystems is now a prerequisite. Most river biomonitoring studies focus on benthic macroinvertebrates. However, river biomonitoring is not commonly practiced in the Philippines as it is not implemented regularly and officially. This review aims to determine macroinvertebrate families that could serve as sensitive bioindicators of river ecosystem health, determine the overall status of streams and rivers based on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, and identify research gaps to guide the development of a macroinvertebrate-based biomonitoring tool. Using Google Scholar, we conducted a quantitative search of studies that assessed water body quality and condition of streams and rivers in the Philippines using benthic macroinvertebrates published from January 2000 to December 2021. Of the 945 search results, 23 studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion in this review. These studies covered 35 Philippine rivers distributed in Luzon (18), Visayas (10), and Mindanao (7). Of the 166 benthic macroinvertebrate families, one family (Hebridae; velvet water bugs) was found solely in the Class AA water body (waters in uninhabited wa- tersheds or declared protected areas based on the Philippine water quality guidelines), 18 in A (intended as a source of drinking water), 17 in C (boating, fishing, aquaculture, agriculture, irrigation and livestock watering), and only one (Amnicolidae; freshwater snail) was found in D (navigable waters). However, none of the studies assessed streams or rivers solely under Class B (intended for primary contact recreation). In addition, several single-metric biotic indicators commonly used in the Philippines varied in their evaluation of the stream con- dition. Thus, we propose developing a macroinvertebrate-based, multimetric biotic index to assess stream and river health in the Philippines.
