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Community structure is a common phenomenon observed in various social networks. In this work, a novel community detection algorithm is proposed by estimating the effect of community structure on the average path length of a network. The Erdos-Renyi graph model is used as a reference to compute the change in the average path length of a network due...
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... algorithm is explained with an example. Given figure ( Fig. 5) is an Erdos-Renyi random graph with 20 nodes and 65 edges. The average degree is 6.5. The value of d converted to the nearest integer is 6. The value of t, which signifies the number of links at distance R (R = 1 here) from the source, is initialized to 6. The T value, which signifies the number of nodes (except source) already have d ...
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... To determine if the space use of M. alfredi within the acoustic receiver array occurred in a non-random manner, the network was tested for non-random movements of acoustically tagged animals using edge permutation [57]. A network with a structure typically has a longer APL than a random network with the same number of nodes and edges [61]. The null hypothesis was that each node in the observed network had the same probability of being connected to other nodes through the movements of M. alfredi despite its distance to another; therefore, the observed network would have a similar APL to a random network. ...
The reef manta ray Mobula alfredi is present throughout most island groups that form the Raja Ampat archipelago, Indonesia. The species is protected regionally and nationally and is currently managed as a single homogeneous population within the 6.7 million ha archipelago. However, scientific evidence is currently lacking regarding the spatial connectivity and population structure of M. alfredi within this archipelago. Using network analysis and an array of 34 acoustic receivers deployed throughout Raja Ampat between February 2016 and September 2021, we examined the movements of 72 subadult and adult M. alfredi tagged in seven regions of Raja Ampat. A total of 1094 M. alfredi movements were recorded and were primarily concentrated between nearby receiver stations, highlighting frequent local movements within, and limited long-distance movements between regional acoustic receiver arrays. Network analysis revealed highly connected nodes acting as hubs important for M. alfredi movements. A community detection algorithm further indicated clusters within the network. Our results suggest the existence of a metapopulation comprising three demographically and geographically distinct subpopulations within the archipelago. They also reveal the importance of Eagle Rock as a critical node in the M. alfredi movement network, justifying the urgent inclusion of this site within the Raja Ampat marine protected area network.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing area of millions of heterogeneous objects denoted by intensive interactions. The social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a promising approach for expediting object interaction issues by integrating the IoT’s social networking notion. The object discovery and service search are promoted with the right friend selection and trust management on that ground. The number of friends and complexity of devoting relation types affect the navigability in a network. On the other hand, constraints in the storage area and battery life of SIoT devices are two crucial challenges that highlighted the importance of mechanisms to increase the lifetime and robustness of devices. Therefore, this scenario addressed an intelligent friend selection strategy by considering objects’ characteristics, typology, and associated functionalities. This issue is leveraged by trust value to eliminate interception of untrustworthy aspects. We designed a generic reference model and utilized optimization decision theory for optimal friend choice to reduce resource consumption to this effect. The simulation results illuminated that a rational selection of friends per service exploration fortifies global navigability in measuring average path length, degree distribution, and the number of links. The efficiency of our solution was revealed by lessening the average distance and promoting the number of links to achieve a well-tied network and benefiting scale-free degree distribution, which hinted existence of hubs or high degree nodes.
In this paper, we utilize network theory to model and study the coupled high-speed rail-aviation network (HSR-AN) in China. The HSR-AN depicting the transport services is modelled as a transfer network in P-space (TNP) in this research. The basic topology properties of the TNP and the corresponding critical components (e.g., nodes and areas) are analysed. As one type of spatial networks coupled two transportation networks, TNP of HSR-AN, counterintuitively, exhibits small-world properties which can be attributed by offering service connecting long-distance cities without transfer and complementary relationship between two transport modes. Additionally, an analysis of vital node (area) in vulnerability environment indicates that the importance of network components critically depends on the economic development level, population density, and geographical features in the corresponding city. Besides, the failure of high-speed rail station generates worse effect than that on airport in HSR-ANs. The findings are beneficial for enhancing the efficiency of HSR-ANs and developing emergency response plans for transport managers.
