Fig 24 - uploaded by Franco Pupulin
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A, Epistephium duckei. AJB, Div. IV, 1295, flower, floral dissection and fruits; B, Epistephium duckei. AJB, Div. IV, 1297, roots and base of the stems. Tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; C, Epistephium sp. AJB, Div. IV, 1306, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; D, Habenaria trifida. AJB, Div. IV, 1258, tempera on paper by X. Cortés.
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Inspired by King Carlos III in the second half of 18th Century, the Spanish government demonstrated a serious interest in the study of the rich floras of the colonies of the New World. The Royal expedition to Peru and Chile, led by Ruiz and Pavón, continued for 11 years in the two colonies and was followed by the activities of Tafalla and Manzanill...
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3. Подсем. EPIDENDROIDEAE (примитивные трибы – Neottieae, Vanilleae, Gastrodieae, Nervilieae) Summary. The article continues serial publication of illustrated critical taxonomical survey of orchids in the flora of Vietnam. This part of the monograph includes taxonomical treatment of so-called primitive tribes (Neottieae, Vanilleae, Gastrodieae, Ner...
Continuing herbarium and literature studies of orchids belonging to Subtribe Goodyerinae has revealed a variety of new and noteworthy data. Aside from first records and additional synonymy the following new combinations and species are proposed, viz. Anoectochilus dewildeorum, A. falconis, Aspidogyne gigantea, Goodyera sumbawana, Odontochilus asrao...
Herbarium specimens (Orchidaceae) of orchids of Istria.
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Citations
... Desde el siglo XVIII, la producción de vainilla ha despertado el interés de españoles, franceses e ingleses, quienes llevaron la planta a Europa para cultivarla en invernaderos (Kourí, 2004). En el Perú, algunas de las primeras referencias a esta planta provienen de recopilaciones de los cronistas y de los diarios de viaje de las expediciones científicas del siglo XVIII (Damián-Parizaca, 2020), como la de Ruiz y Pavón (Pupulin, 2012), y del siglo XIX, como la de Humboldt (Browne, 1944), quienes mencionan que las vainas eran especias de común comercio por los indígenas en las regiones de Cajamarca y Huánuco. En 1799, la pintura en óleo "El Quadro de la Historia Natural Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú" hace referencia a las características de la vainilla, documentándola como un arbusto importante para el comercio entre Perú y México con la corona española, para la elaboración de chocolates (Damián-Parizaca, 2020). ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos: La mayor diversidad del género Vanilla tiene preferencia por áreas húmedas e inundables como los aguajales, lo que limita la colecta y calidad de especímenes. Este estudio se enfoca en la propagación vegetativa de Vanilla pompona subsp. grandiflora en territorios inundables del Valle del Alto Mayo, Perú. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la cantidad óptima de nudos para el crecimiento de esquejes saludables de vainilla, utilizando sustratos de bajo costo.
Métodos: La investigación se llevó a cabo en el vivero de la Finca Don Pepito en Tingana, en el departamento San Martín, Perú. Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, considerando cuatro tipos de esquejes y cuatro tratamientos (sustratos). Se realizaron observaciones a lo largo del experimento y se evaluó la activación de yemas, la salud de los esquejes y la relación entre los tratamientos.
Resultados clave: Los resultados indican que la activación de las yemas está influenciada por el número de nudos en los esquejes, mostrando mayor eficiencia a medida que aumenta el número de nudos.
Conclusiones: La propagación a través de esquejes de dos nudos se presenta como la mejor alternativa debido a lo limitado que resulta la obtención de material genético. Además, se evidencia que la salubridad de los esquejes está relacionada con el tipo de esqueje más que con los tratamientos.
... después del 1 de enero de 2007, "no sería posible tipificar este nombre con base en la ilustración" en mención, publicada en 1991 (Turland et al., 2018). Esta situación de plantas descritas e iconografiadas en la Flora del Perú que no cuentan con pliegos en el herbario original o principal de la Expedición, se ha presentado ya en otros casos documentados, como en la familia Orchidaceae (Pupulin, 2012a(Pupulin, , 2012b. El minucioso análisis de esta familia puso de manifiesto la ausencia de varias ilustraciones, descripciones y pliegos originales, los cuales constaban en las catalogaciones antiguas del legado de la Expedición en Madrid, pero fueron dispersadas en vida de José Pavón, o extraídas en fechas posteriores de los archivos y herbarios de las Floras americanas (Hiepko, 1987;Rodríguez-Nozal, 1994;Pupulin, 2012a). ...
... Esta situación de plantas descritas e iconografiadas en la Flora del Perú que no cuentan con pliegos en el herbario original o principal de la Expedición, se ha presentado ya en otros casos documentados, como en la familia Orchidaceae (Pupulin, 2012a(Pupulin, , 2012b. El minucioso análisis de esta familia puso de manifiesto la ausencia de varias ilustraciones, descripciones y pliegos originales, los cuales constaban en las catalogaciones antiguas del legado de la Expedición en Madrid, pero fueron dispersadas en vida de José Pavón, o extraídas en fechas posteriores de los archivos y herbarios de las Floras americanas (Hiepko, 1987;Rodríguez-Nozal, 1994;Pupulin, 2012a). En conclusión, se propone: ...
As an advance of the upcoming review of a group of species of the genus Quararibea (Malvaceae), the “grandifolia group” that includes at least 13 species of trees from Mesoamerica and Central-Northern South America, four new species are described in this work. Two are from Colombia, one of them typical of the Pacific rainforests in Chocó (Quararibea recondita) and the other one from the very humid premontane forests of southern Antioquia in the slopes of the Magdalena and Cauca
River valleys (Q. citarensis). The other two species (Q. silverstonei and Q. tafallae) come from the humid premontane and cloud forests along the slope and the Pacific corridor of western Ecuador, from Esmeraldas-Carchi to Guayas-Azuay provinces. One of the species described here had been illustrated at the beginning of the 19th century on the Flora Huayaquilensis by J.J. Tafalla, whose manuscript was only recently edited and made public. Myrodia obovata Ruiz in Tafalla (nom. inval.)
and Matisia eichleri K. Schum. [in schaeda] are recognized as synonyms of Quararibea tafallae described here.
... In 1793 Ruiz and Pavón requested that they should be allowed to keep in their own houses duplicates of each plant gathering to allow observations and new corrections, as well as for safety in the event of fire in the "Oficina de la Flora". They also considered this as a reward collection data (Miller 1970;Pupulin 2012a;Tepe 2018). The specimens, descriptions and drawings corresponding to Tafalla and Manzanilla travels to Guayaquil were identified by Eduardo Estrella (1989). ...
... Ultimately, they failed to publish the collection in its entirety, with only three of the eleven planned volumes of the Flora Peruviana et Chilensis produced (1798-1802), with two additional pre-publications, Florae Peruvianae, et Chilensis Prodromus (1794) and the Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis (1798). The plates of the fourth volume were distributed by Pavón (González Bueno & Rodriguez Nozal 1996;Pupulin 2012a). The ambitious task was affected from 1808 by national and international political instability, as well as the Napoleonic wars in Spanish territory (1808-1814) during which the RJB was occasionally closed (González Bueno & Rodríguez Nozal 2006). ...
... The herbarium specimens were then sent to William Jackson Hooker (1785-1865). However, as stated before, these were collected in the latter part of the "Real Expedición", under Tafalla and Manzanilla between 1788-1816 (Miller 1970;Pupulin 2012a;Tepe 2018). At the time of receiving these herbarium samples, Hooker was Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow, later joining Kew in 1841. ...
During the “Real Expedición Botánica al Virreinato del Perú”, 1777-1816, Hipólito Ruiz López (1754-1816), José Antonio Pavón Jiménez (1754-1840), Juan José Tafalla Navascués (1755-1811) and Juan Agustín Manzanilla (fl. 1793-1816) collected economically important specimens of anti-malarial cinchona bark (Cinchona spp.). In the 230 years since, these specimens have been dispersed across institutions in Spain, Britain, Germany and Italy. Two major sub-collections of these are found at the Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid, Spain (n = 243), and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK (n = 188). The Kew collection arrived in Britain through Pavón and other Spanish botanists selling part of the collections. This study traces the history, trajectory and relationship of the collections between the two institutes.
... The latter volume was actually included in one of the issues of the journal of the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid, Anales del Instituto Botánico Cavanilles (volume 12, issue 1) in 1954. The original illustration of this plate was made by Isidro Gálvez Gallo (1754 -1829) who was one of the Spanish artists who joined the expedition (Pupulin 2012 Baillon (1884: 886) mistakenly referred to the species described by Ruiz and Pavón as "Porlieria hygrometrica," publishing the new combination "Guaiacum hygrometricum." Therefore, the latter name is an orthographic error as Baillon did not use the correct basionym species epithet ("hygrometra") as published by Ruiz and Pavón. ...
Porlieria honours Antonio A. de Porlier y Sopranis, 1st Marquis of Bajamar (1722 – 1813), a distinguished Spanish nobleman who served as a high-ranking administrator in the New World Spanish colonies and Spain between 1757 and 1812. Porlier was born in the Canary Islands and was a strong advocate for botanical initiatives in the Americas and in the Canaries. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava (Canary Islands) and for the development of the three major floristics surveys that Spain supported in the New World at that time. These floristic studies were led by well-known botanists such as Martín Sessé, Hipólito Ruiz, José A. Pavón and Celestino Mutis. Porlieria Ruiz & Pav. (Zygophyllaceae) is a South American genus with four species. The nomenclature of the seven names associated with this genus is reviewed, requiring lectotypification of the names Guaiacum angustifolium Engelm., P. arida Rusby, P. hygrometra Ruiz & Pav. and P. lorentzii Engl.
... Ruiz and Pavón were sent by the Spanish crown to lead a botanical expedition in the Viceroyalty of Peru and Captaincy General of Chile, at that moment still part of the Spanish Empire. The expedition aimed to improve the knowledge of potentially useful plants growing in these territories; the team was botanized for 11 years, mostly in Peru (Ruiz 2007;Pupulin 2012). Their findings were planned to be published in eleven volumes, however, only three volumes of Flora Peruviana et Chilensis actually saw the light (Ruiz and Pavón 1798;Pupulin 2012). ...
... The expedition aimed to improve the knowledge of potentially useful plants growing in these territories; the team was botanized for 11 years, mostly in Peru (Ruiz 2007;Pupulin 2012). Their findings were planned to be published in eleven volumes, however, only three volumes of Flora Peruviana et Chilensis actually saw the light (Ruiz and Pavón 1798;Pupulin 2012). Probably because of the economic difficulties experienced by the botanists and the later decadence of the Spanish Empire aggravated by the French occupation. ...
We propose the new species Maxillaria bicentenaria from the montane forest of central Peru and provide an amendment of the description of Maxillaria pyhalae. Maxillaria bicentenaria is similar to M. pyhalae but differs by the elliptic to sub-elliptic labellum, the labellum distal half irregularly plicate, the flattened and transversally sub-trapezoidal labellar callus, the campanulate to sub-campanulate protuberance at the labellum apex centre, and the conspicuous carina with a sharp edge towards the top of the anther. Illustrations, pictures, and a distribution map are provided for both Maxillaria species. The differential features of both species are presented and previous misidentified records are discussed. Finally, a comment on the author name of Maxillaria fletcheriana is also provided.
... La primera referencia escrita del género en el país viene de los manuscritos y diarios de Ruiz & Pavón durante su visita al Perú en el siglo XVIII, quienes reportaron 3 especies, las cuales después serian descritas como V. hamata, V. ruiziana y V. pompona subsp. grandiflora (Pupulin 2012). Terminando el siglo XVIII aparece el famoso "Cuadro de Historia Natural, Civil y Geográfica del Reino del Perú" por encargo de José Ignacio Lequanda quien lo mandara a ilustrar en 1799, en el aparece una vainilla con el siguiente texto "Vainilla este arbusto se da en muchos lugares de montaña, cuyo fruto mezclado con el cacao le da un gusto agradable" (Fig. 1A). ...
La vainilla aromática empleada en todo el mundo proviene de los frutos de
especies del género Vanilla, uno de los grupos de orquídeas de mayor interés
comercial. Se caracteriza por presentar un hábito hemiepifito con tallos
lianescentes y un labelo generalmente con un callo penicillado central y adnado
parcialmente a la columna y con frutos a veces fuertemente aromáticos (en el
clado americano). Es un género pantropical con pocos endemismos y con un
rango altitudinal entre 100-1500 msnm, y una distribución en América que se
extiende desde Estados Unidos hasta Argentina. En la presente tesis se presenta
una revisión taxonómica de todas las especies de Vanilla en el Perú con
información morfológica y geográfica detallada. La base para dicho trabajo recae
en un esfuerzo de muestreo significativo en campo y una revisión extensiva de
material de herbario. Se delimitan especies y elaboraron claves de identificación
para todas las especies. Además, se presentan sinonimias, notas
nomenclaturales, comentarios taxonómicos relevantes y mapas de distribución
para todas las especies analizadas. Finalmente, se reconocen 17 especies del
género Vanilla para el Perú, incluyendo una nueva especie, 2 morfoespecies y 4
nuevos registros para el país.
... In 1998, Garay and Romero-González clarified the identity of C. pavonii and placed C. venosa, C. undulata and C. peruviana as its synonyms. In subsequent works done by orchid taxonomists, C. pavonii is referred as a correct name (Bennett & Christenson 1998, Pupulin 2012. ...
... The specimens of C. pavonii currently located at BM and G are the samples that originally were acquired by Lambert from Pavón (Miller 1970). Garay and Romero-González (1998) and Pupulin (2012) designated the specimen at G as the holotype. However, the specimen used by Lindley to describe Asarca speciosa Lindl, later transferred to C. pavonii is the one housed at BM because the data on the labels agree with the protologue; therefore this specimen represents the holotype and not the one at G. Still it is uncertain whether the specimen at BM was collected in Chile (as the label indicates) or in Peru. ...
During the botanical expedition carried out in Peru by Ruiz and Pavón, later by Raimondi’s explorations and finally by Weberbauer’s, specimens of a Chloraea species were collected in localities around Lima and used to describe Chloraea pavonii, C. undulata and C. peruviana. In this study we reviewed original materials, protologues, drawings, additional herbarium specimens and living material to clarify the taxonomic status of C. pavonii. A description, illustration, photographs, and distribution of the species are provided. We also point out the morphological features that distinguish C. pavonii from C. densipapillosa and C. septentrionalis. Lectotypes for C. undulata and C. peruviana are here designated. Key Words: Chloraea, Lima, Peru, lectotypification, lomas ecosystem
... Huassahuassi Año 94"], a prob-able isotype but we cannot confirm that. Materials from G and MA could have been used by Francisco Pulgar to draw a plate entitled "Genus novum?" clearly representing Trichoceros antennifer (Pupulin 2012). ...
The names Epidendrum antenniferum Bonpl. and Trichoceros muscifera Kraenzl. (Orchidaceae, Oncidiidae) are lectotypified using digital images from the original material preserved at P and HBG, respectively. The holotype of Trichoceros parviflorus Kunth is kept at P and that of T. armillatus Rchb. f. at G.
... Although he was now in charge, Tafalla never gained independence from Ruiz and Pavón, who considered him their subordinate throughout the project and to whom they frequently sent requests for additional details to refine their work. Tafalla was productive, despite limited financial support and, ultimately, the Crown provided the Expedition with another botanist, Juan Augustín Manzanilla, in 1793; other new additions to the project came in 1796 with the artist José Gabriel Rivera and, in 1800, the artist Xavier Cortés y Alcocer (Steele 1964;Adanero Oslé 2011;Pupulin 2012a the Crown, moving on to Ecuador (at the time, the Real Audiencia de Quito). The team collected in the coastal plains and foothills of the Andes from 1799 to 1803 before switching their focus to the southern Andes of Ecuador and to the investigation of Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae), the source of the antimalarial quinine (Steele 1964 (Steele 1964;Rodríguez Nozal 1995). ...
In 1777, Spain sent The Royal Expedition to Peru and Chile, commonly referred to as the “Ruiz and Pavón Expedition”, to document the flora of this richly diverse part of its colonies. The Expedition was active in the New World for 38 years and was led by Hipólito Ruiz and José Pavón, who collected in Peru and Chile for the first 11 years before returning to Spain to work on publication of the Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis . Work on the ground for the reminder of the project in Peru and later Ecuador, was continued by Juan Tafalla and Juan Manzanilla. With few exceptions, all collections from the Expedition including types, have conventionally been attributed to Ruiz and Pavón despite the fact that Tafalla and Manzanilla were responsible for a large part of the collections. The purpose of this note is to bring to light the important but often overlooked figure of Juan Tafalla, to highlight his accomplishments as a collector and to increase precision in botanical nomenclature by giving him due credit by correctly attributing collections.
... Indeed, even if no original material has been reported so far (Pupulin 2012aPupulin , 2012b), it is clear that these species are species of Xylobium because of the plicate leaves, the racemose inflorescence (instead of a single flower) and the brief description of the flowers (focusing on the nectarium, that is, the lip), which are characterised as similar to the ones of Maxillaria. ...
