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![A–E. Inocybe keralensis [K[M] 191712, holotype). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidium. C. Cheilocystidia. D. Pileipellis mounted in water. E. Stipitipellis. Bars 5 10 mm.](profile/Patinjareveettil-Manimohan/publication/283085210/figure/fig3/AS:340294395547649@1458143914237/A-E-Inocybe-keralensis-KM-191712-holotype-A-Basidiospores-B-Basidium-C.png)
A–E. Inocybe keralensis [K[M] 191712, holotype). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidium. C. Cheilocystidia. D. Pileipellis mounted in water. E. Stipitipellis. Bars 5 10 mm.
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![FIG. 5. A–E. Inocybe keralensis [K[M] 191712, holotype). A....](profile/Patinjareveettil-Manimohan/publication/283085210/figure/fig3/AS:340294395547649@1458143914237/A-E-Inocybe-keralensis-KM-191712-holotype-A-Basidiospores-B-Basidium-C_Q320.jpg)
![FIG. 6. A–H. Inocybe kuruvensis (K[M] 191734, holotype). A....](profile/Patinjareveettil-Manimohan/publication/283085210/figure/fig4/AS:340294395547650@1458143914461/A-H-Inocybe-kuruvensis-KM-191734-holotype-A-Basidiospores-B-Paracystidia-C_Q320.jpg)
![FIG. 8. A–H. Inocybe wayanadensis (K[M] 191737, holotype). A....](profile/Patinjareveettil-Manimohan/publication/283085210/figure/fig6/AS:340294395547654@1458143914619/A-H-Inocybe-wayanadensis-KM-191737-holotype-A-Basidiospores-B-Basidium-C_Q320.jpg)
Five new species of Inocybe, I. iringolkavensis, I. keralensis, I. kuruvensis, I. muthangensis and I. wayanadensis, are described from Kerala state, India, based on morphological and molecular data. All are associated with trees belonging to Dipterocarpaceae. Inocybe iringolkavensis is characterized by nodulose to somewhat stellate basidiospores, 1...
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Two new species, Crepidotus volubilis and Crepidotus palodensis are described from Kerala State, India based on morphological and molecular (nrLSU) phylogenetic data. The new taxa were assigned to section Echinospori due to the verrucose basidiospores and presence of clamp connections in the hyphae. Comprehensive descriptions, photographs and compa...
Two new species, Crepidotus volubilis and Crepidotus palodensis are described from Kerala State, India based on morphological
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Citations
... Caulocystidia metuloidal, 30-58 × 10-20 μm, fusiform, utriform, lageniform or conical, wall up to 2 mm thick toward the apex, hyaline; apices crystalliferous. Cystidioid terminal cells 21-65 × 5-12 μm, cylindrical-septate, flexuoso-cylindrical, sublageniform or Notes: The Thai specimen was identified as I. iringolkavensi based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis according to Latha and Manimohan (2016). Inocybe iringolkavensi was placed in the Inocybe clade based on phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 20). ...
Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly
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genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in
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of entries in GenBank. We introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata, Candolleomyces thailandensis, Cortinarius
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inornata. We also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe iringolkavensis. We discuss the
genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose, but do not occur in the top 40. We hypothesize whether there might be
more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of species.
... Fr. is one of the largest genera of Agaricales consisting of a steadily increasing number of ca. 700 species known worldwideBougher et al. 2012;Kokkonen & Vauras 2012;Matheny et al. 2012;Vauras & Larsson 2012, 2016Braaten et al. 2013;Horak et al. 2015;Latha & Manimohan 2015, 2016aLatha et al. 2016). More than 140 Inocybe spp. ...
Eight new species presented are Calostoma areolatum collected in Wuyishan National Park (China), Crinipellis bidens from Hubei Province (China), Lactifluus sainii from Himalayan India, Inocybe elata from Yunnan (China), Inocybe himalayensis from Pakistan. Specimens previously identified as Massalongia carnosa represent a new species, namely M. patagonica restricted to southern South America. Saprolegnia maragheica is a new oomycete species of fresh water in Maraghe (Iran). Uncispora wuzhishanensis is a new aquatic hyphomycete species. A type specimen of Raddetes turkestanicus was studied and based on this the new combination Conocybe turkestanica, is proposed. Argyranthemum frutescens is a new host for Alternaria alternata and Syzygium cumini for Phyllosticta capitalensis in India. Crepidotus ehrendorferi is confirmed for Hungary and Pluteus leucoborealis for Central Europe, and for the phytogeographical region of Carpaticum. Pseudopithomyces palmicola is shown to occur on grapevine and it is validated by adding a unique identifier. Terfezia fanfani is reported first from Algeria.
... The primer pairs, ITS1 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990) for nrITS and LR0R and LR7 (Vilgalys & Hester 1990) for nrLSU were used for performing the PCR reactions. Protocols for PCR amplification and sequencing followed are those given in Latha & Manimohan (2016). The newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank (https://www. ...
Gerronema kuruvense sp. nov. and G. keralense sp. nov. are described from Kerala State, India, in the light of both morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Comprehensive descriptions, photographs of both the basidiomes and the micro-structures, and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided. Both morphology and nrITS-rDNA sequence-based molecular phylogenetic analysis proved the novelty of the species and their placement in the genus Gerronema. Both the species were collected from highland riverine islets.
... Inocybe muthangensis was the closest hit in BLASTn searches with both the ITS (GenBank KM924521; 94% identity) and the nLSU (GenBank KM924516; 99% identity) sequences. Inocybe muthangensis, a species recently described from Kerala (Latha & Manimohan 2016a), is similar to I. pingala in having a pileus of somewhat similar surface features, similarly attached lamellae, a stipe with a distinct marginate-bulbous base and similar surface features, somewhat similar looking basidiospores, the presence of metuloidal pleuro-, cheilo-and caulocystidia and similar pileipellis and stipitipellis structure. Inocybe muthangensis, however, has larger, violet-coloured basidiomata, slightly larger basidiospores (8–11 × 6–8 µm) and the occasional presence of 2-spored basidia.Basidiomata small. ...
... Habit, habitat and phenology:—In small groups, on the ground, near Vateria indica andNotes:—Inocybe iringolkavensis is characterised by small basidiomata with an appressedto recurved-squamulose pileus, a stipe with a slightly enlarged base and a sparsely to densely fibrillose surface, nodulose to somewhat stellate basidiospores, 1-4-spored basidia, a disrupted cutis-type pileipellis with ascending trichodermal patches and caulocystidia restricted to the extreme stipe apex. The taxonomy and phylogeny of this species has been discussed in detail byLatha & Manimohan (2016a). 16. ...
... In addition, the authors observed that in Kerala State, one can find Inocybe species only in those forests or woodlands that have dipterocarps. The consistent association of Inocybe species with the Dipterocarpaceae in Kerala State is remarkable (Latha & Manimohan 2016a). But, no study was attempted to trace the mycorrhizal associations of the encountered species in this work. ...
A systematic study on the agaric genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Kerala State, India was performed based on both morphology and molecular phylogeny. The study revealed a total of thirty species belonging to the following four clades: Inocybe (twenty species), Pseudosperma (five species), Inosperma (four species) and Nothocybe (one species). Comprehensive descriptions, photographs and comparisons with phenetically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided for all these species of Inocybe. A key to the clades of Inocybaceae and keys to the Inocybe species of each clade discovered in Kerala are also provided. Twelve of these species are proposed here as new: I. babruka, I. floccosistipitata, I. insulana, I. kapila, I. kurkuriya, I. pingala, I. rekhankitha, I. silvana, I. snigdha and I. viraktha in clade Inocybe; and I. akirna and I. saraga in clade Inosperma. A combined nLSU and rpb2-based phylogenetic analysis using Maximum likelihood (ML) method supported both the novelty of the new species and the placement of all the thirty species of Inocybe within the respective clades. Based on morphological, geographical and phylogenetic evidences, the following species recently described from Kerala are considered as heterotypic (taxonomic) synonyms: Inocybe albonitens a synonym of I. wayanadensis, I. parvisquamulosa that of I. iringolkavensis and I. rimulosa that of I. keralensis. The majority of the inocybes discovered in this study were found associated with Hopea parviflora, H. ponga and Vateria indica of the angiosperm family Dipterocarpaceae. In addition, the authors observed that in Kerala, one can find Inocybe species only in those forests or woodlands that have dipterocarps. The consistent association of the Inocybe species with the family Dipterocarpaceae in this region is remarkable.
... & Matheny (Inocybaceae) has yet to be reported from India (Matheny et al. 2012b). Few Indian species, however, have been documented formally thus far (Horak 1981, Manjula 1983, Vrinda et al. 1997a, b, 1999, 2000, 2001, Natarajan et al. 2005, Matheny et al. 2012b, Farook et al. 2013, Latha and Manimohan 2015. The present study aims to clarify the taxonomic status of 11 species of Inocybe collected in a tropical region of India in the state of Kerala, all of which putatively form ECM associations with plant species of the family Dipterocarpaceae. ...
... & Manim.(Latha and Manimohan 2015) differs by its yellowish brown, appressed fibrillose pileus, adnate to emarginate lamellae, brown fibrillose stipe, smaller spores, encrusted thick-walled cheilocystidia and a duplex pileipellis. Unfortunately the sequences are not available on GenBank for comparison.Inocybe alboflavella C.K. Pradeep & Matheny, sp. ...
Eleven species of Inocybe, a highly diverse genus of ectomycorrhizal Agaricales, are documented from tropical India in Kerala State. Seven species are described as new. Furthermore, I. pileosulcata is reported from India for the first time. I. virosa, not previously validated, is validated here. Gross morphological and microscopic descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic affiliations are provided. Seven species feature nodulose or spinose basidiospores and belong to the Inocybe clade. The remaining four species are characterized by the combination of smooth spores and absence of pleurocystidia. Two of these share an alliance with the Pseudosperma clade, and the other two with the Inosperma clade. All 11 species likely share an ecological association with lowland tropical Dipterocarpaceae. The new combination I. mucidiolens is made (formerly I. calamistrata var. mucidiolens).
Species of Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae) are widely distributed from temperate to tropical regions. In this study, we describe and illustrate five new species of Pseudosperma : P . beninense , P . cremeo-ochraceum , P . squarrosofulvum , P . stramineum , and P . tiliae , based on comprehensive analyses of morphological and molecular data derived from specimens collected in Benin (West Africa) and Turkey (Western Eurasia). These new species have been found in forests with Isoberlinia spp. and other ectomycorrhizal tree species in Benin and in association with Tilia platyphyllos in Turkey. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species were inferred through analyses of nuclear rDNA sequences, encompassing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) region. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that P . beninense , P . cremeo-ochraceum , P . squarrosofulvum , and P . stramineum from Benin cluster with species from Australia, China, and India within a clade formed exclusively by species known from the palaeotropics and Australia, whereas P . tiliae from Turkey clustered with P . mediterraneum from Italy. Detailed descriptions are provided, supplemented by illustrations and line drawings of key micromorphological features. In addition, a comparative analysis with morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species is presented and discussed in detail.
A complete description is provided for Pseudosperma calciphilum (Inocybaceae, Agaricales), a new basidiomycete species from Sardinia (Italy), Malta, and Valencia (Spain) in Europe, along with colour photographs of its macro- and microscopic characters and a comparative study of the similarities and differences from its closest allies. The new species occurs on calcareous soils in Mediterranean habitats preferably under Quercus ilex subsp. ilex and Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia. Pseudosperma conviviale resembles P. calciphilum in some macro- and microscopic features, but the latter is distinguished by having white velar remnants on pileus, larger spores and by its ecology, as it apparently grows exclusively on calcareous soils. The phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS and nrLSU nucleotide sequence data confirmed that the new species is a member of the former Inocybe section Rimosae sensu stricto, whose species are currently placed in the genus Pseudosperma. The closest relatives are P. melleum, P. conviviale, P. melliolens and P. umbrinellum, from which the new Mediterranean species is well distinguished both morphologically and genetically.
Here, we present the newly identified Inosperma macrocarpa and the first record of I. afro-melliolens from West Africa. Inosperma macrocarpa is nested in an Old World Tropical clade, based on a molecular phylogeny inferred from the sequences of ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1. Complete descriptions and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings , of the new species are presented. Morphological and molecular analyses based on collections from Benin confirmed the presence of I. afromelliolens in West Africa. Toxicity analysis showed that neither species contained muscarine, which further supports the hypothesis that the ability to produce muscarine is a derived trait of Inosperma.
Pseudosperma indicum sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India, based on morphology and DNA-based multigene phylogenetic analyses. A comprehensive description of this new species, including both macro- and microscopic characteristics, photographs of both the basidiocarps and the microscopic structures, line drawings of macro- and microscopic structures, and a phylogram, is provided, and its relationship with previously described species of Pseudosperma is also discussed.
A new species, Pseudosperma pamukkalense, discovered in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana forests is described from the Mediterranean climate zone of southwestern Turkey. The novel species is recognized by the presence of pale straw to brownish yellowish pileus, mingled with reddish-brownish streaks with age, smooth to finely innately fibrillose pileus surface, whitish stipe with mainly cylindrical to clavate caulocystidia, large subphaseoliform basidiospores, and mostly narrowly to broadly clavate cheilocystidia. The description of the new species is based on morphological characters, and illustrations, line drawings and comparisons with allied species are provided. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene (nrLSU) regions supported the taxonomic recognition of the new species which was on a separate branch within the genus Pseudosperma.
