Figure 2 - uploaded by Patrick W Sweeney
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A-E. Brindonia group: Garcinia chapelieri.-A-C. Staminate flowers, showing four sepals, four petals, and numerous free stamens.-D, E. Pistillate flowers, showing several deep furrows down the septal radius of the ovary (E with two sepals and one petal removed). F-H. Paragarcinia group: Garcinia decipiens.-F. Pistillate flower, showing four petals (sepals not visible), several free stamens, the ovary, and the stigma.-G. Staminate flower bud, longitudinal section, showing fused two sepals, two petals, two phalanges, and the mushroom-shaped pistillode.-H. Staminate flower, showing petals, four antepetalous phalanges, and the pistillode. Sources: A-C, G. Schatz et al. 3373 (MO); D, E, P. Lowry et al. 4000 (MO); F, J. Aridy & A. Moı¨seMoı¨se 183 (MO); G, H, Service Forestier 21601 (P). All parts illustrated by J. Myers.
Source publication
New results from phylogenetic analyses utilizing chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers agree with morphology in support of the unification of all of Rheedia L. and part of Ochrocarpos Thouars with Garcinia L. and show that species occurring in Madagascar and the Comoros fall into four separate lineages, which are designated here as informal species g...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Madagascar this group (Table 1; Fig. 2A-E) contains three of the six species treated as Garcinia by Perrier de la Bâthie (1951) and is distinct from the other groups by having flowers with four sepals free in bud and staminate flowers that possess numerous stamens occupying the center of the flower (pistillode and disk absent), and by ovaries and fruits usually with deep ...
Citations
... In addition to the above-mentioned works that are global in scope, there have been several noteworthy publications that have dealt with the genus at narrower geographic or taxonomic scales. These studies include work on species in Africa (Sosef and Dauby 2012), Australia (Cooper 2013), Brazil (Mouzinho et al. 2022), China (Li et al. 2007), Colombia , India (Maheshwari 1964;Singh 1993;Mohanan et al. 2023), and Madagascar (Sweeney and Rogers 2008;Rogers et al. 2011). ...
... This section contains the Garcinia species that were formerly placed into the segregate genus Ochrocarpos. The twelve species in this section are endemic to Madagascar and Comoros (Sweeney and Rogers 2008 (1864)]. ...
Garcinia L. is a pantropically distributed genus comprised of at least 250 species of shrubs and trees and has centers of diversity located in Africa/Madagascar, Australasia, and Southeast Asia. The genus is notable due to its extreme diversity of floral form, common presence in lowland tropical rainforests worldwide, and potential pharmacological value. Across its entire geographic range, Garcinia lacks a recent taxonomic revision, with the last genus-level taxonomic treatment of Garcinia conducted over 40 years ago. In order to provide an evolutionary-based framework for a revised infrageneric classification of the genus and to investigate in more detail the systematics of New Caledonian species, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data for the nuclear ITS region on all samples, and for three chloroplast intergenic spacers ( psbM-trnD , trnQ-rps16 and rps16-trnK ) on a subset of our overall sampling. Our phylogenetic analyses are the most comprehensive to date for the genus, containing 111 biogeographically and morphologically diverse Garcinia species. The analyses support a broad circumscription of Garcinia , including several previously segregated genera (e.g. Allanblackia , Clusianthemum , Ochrocarpos p.p., Pentaphalangium , Rheedia , and Tripetalum ). We recovered nine major clades falling within two major lineages, and we delimit 11 sections. We discuss each of the clades, assign them sectional names, discuss their distinguishing morphological features, compare our taxonomic treatment with the most recent sectional treatment, list representative species, note geographic distribution, and highlight some questions that deserve future investigations. We propose nine new nomenclatural combinations, four new names, and three new lectotypes. In New Caledonia (NC), a total of ten, all endemic, species are recognized and were included in our phylogenetic analyses, with several replicates per species (with the exception of G. virgata and G. urceolata , represented by a single accession each). New Caledonian species were retrieved within three separate clades, respectively including 1) G. balansae ; 2) G. comptonii , G. neglecta , G. urceolata , G. virgata ; and 3) G. amplexicaulis , G. densiflora , G. pedicellata , G. puat , G. vieillardii . Within NC, the phylogenies did not support the distinction between a putative undescribed species and G. balansae . However, it confirmed the distinction between NC species and both G. vitiensis (found in Fiji and Vanuatu) and G. adinantha (found in Fiji), suggesting that all NC species should be considered as endemics.
... (Guttiferae Juss.). The genus consists of 405 accepted species, and is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics (POWO, 2023) with centers of diversity in Southeast Asia and Madagascar (Sweeney & Rogers, 2008). In Asia, Garcinia is most diverse in the Malesian region but also spreads north into southern China, west to India, and east to the Micronesian islands (Nazre et al., 2018). ...
Garcinia section Xanthochymus (Clusiaceae) is revised for Thailand with four native species, i.e ., G. dulcis , G. nervosa , G. prainiana , and G. xanthochymus . All species are described with updated morphological descriptions, illustrations, and an identification key, together with notes on distributions, distribution maps, habitats and ecology, phenology, conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. Four taxa, G. andamanica , G. andamanica var. pubescens , G. cambodgiensis and G. vilersiana , are synonymized under G. dulcis , and two taxa, G. nervosa var. pubescens and G. spectabilis , are newly synonymized under G. nervosa . Nine names are lectotypified: G. dulcis and its associated synonyms ( G. cambodgiensis and G. vilersiana ), G. nervosa and its associated synonyms ( G. andersonii , G. nervosa var. pubescens , and G. spectabilis ), G. prainiana , and G. xanthochymus . All species have a conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC). The fruits of all species are edible and have a sour or sweet-sour taste.
... The genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) comprises c. 404 species of usually dioecious shrubs or trees up to 30 m tall which are common components of lowland tropical forests worldwide (Stevens 2007;POWO 2022). The genus exhibits a remarkable diversity in floral morphology which is used for delimiting the genus and constructing its infrageneric classification (Sweeney & Rogers 2008). The latest monograph, published more than a century ago by Vesque (1893), classified 180 species into 9 sections based on floral morphology. ...
A new species, Garcinia phuongmaiensis V.S.Dang, H.Toyama & D.L.A.Tuan (Clusiaceae), discovered from Phuong Mai Peninsula, Nhon Hoi Commune, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh Province, central Vietnam, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to G. prainiana King, but is distinguished by smaller habit, leaves and flowers with white petals. A description, preliminary conservation assessment, illustration, photographs and vernacular name of the new species are provided, as well as an updated key to the species of Garcinia sect. Xanthochymus in Indo-China.
... (Guttiferae Juss.). The genus consists of 403 accepted species, and is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics (POWO 2022) with centres of diversity in Southeast Asia and Madagascar (Sweeney & Rogers 2008). In Asia, Garcinia is most diverse in the Malesian region but also spreads north into southern China, west to India and east to the Micronesian islands (Nazre et al. 2018). ...
Garcinia siripatanadilokii Ngerns., Meeprom, Boonth., Chamch. & Sinbumr. (Clusiaceae), a new species discovered from tropical lowland evergreen rain forest, Peninsular Thailand, is described. A detailed morphological description and illustrations of the species are provided, along with information on recognition, distribution, specimens examined, habitat, conservation assessment, phenology, etymology, vernacular name and uses.
... (Guttiferae Juss.). This genus contains 404 accepted species and is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics [1], with centres of diversity in Southeast Asia and Madagascar [2]. Previous studies on Garcinia revealed c. 60 species in the Malay Peninsula [3][4][5][6], 40 species in India [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], 34 species in Indo-China [14], 30 species in British India [15] and 20 species in China [16]. ...
A revision of the genus Garcinia has recently been undertaken by the author as part of the Flora of Thailand. Herbarium specimens deposited in several herbaria, and those included in the digital herbarium databases, were examined by consulting taxonomic literature. In this study, the three names in Garcinia section Brindonia are lectotypified as G. gracilis, G. lanceifolia and G. planchonii. A new synonym for G. pedunculata, namely G. planchonii, is proposed. Detailed descriptions, recognitions and illustrations of three species in Garcinia (G. atroviridis, G. lanceifolia and G. pedunculata) are presented, along with information on distributions, specimens examined, habitats and ecology, IUCN conservation status, phenology, etymology, vernacular names and uses. The fruits, the young shoots and leaves, and the flowers of these three species are edible and have a sour taste. These species are often cultivated for their fruits.
... Garcinia L. is dioecious and the largest genus in the Clusiaceae (Guttiferae). It comprises nearly 400 accepted species, its native range is Tropics and Subtropics (POWO 2019) with centres of diversity in Southeast Asia and Madagascar (Sweeney & Rogers 2008). It is an important component of tropical forests. ...
... It is an important component of tropical forests. Significant previous studies on Garcinia revealed that India had 39 species (Maheshwari 1964;Singh 1993;Srivastava 1994;Sabu et al. 2013;Sarma et al. 2016;Shameer et al. 2017), British India 30 species (Anderson 1875), Sri Lanka 10 species (Kostermans 1980;Nimanthika & Kaththriarachchi 2010), China 20 species (Li et al. 2007), Indo-China 34 species (Gagnepain 1943), Peninsular Malaysia (Malaya) 49 species (Ridley 1922;Whitmore 1973), Java 8 species (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink 1963), Madagascar and the Comoros 32 species (Sweeney & Rogers 2008). ...
Garcinia santisukiana Ngerns. & Suddee (Clusiaceae), a new species discovered from Pha Taem National Park, Ubon Ratchathani Province, eastern Thailand, is described. A detailed description and illustration of the species are provided, along with information on recognition, distribution, specimens examined, habitat, conservation status, phenology, etymology, vernacular name and uses.
... Garcinia L. is the second largest genus of Clusiaceae and has about 250 species distributed throughout tropical regions with the highest concentration in the Paleotropics ( Sweeney 2008). In recent years some taxonomic studies have been conducted, example in Africa by RogeRS & Sweeney (2007), Sweeney & RogeRS (2008), and SoSef & dauby (2012). The treatments contain in-depth taxonomic discussions, descriptions of new species and nomenclatural adjustments. ...
... For most of the species more than one collection are cited in the protologue and therefore lectotypification will be necessary. Species from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, and also from Gabon and Lower Guinea were recently reviewed by Sweeney & RogeRS (2008 In the list below the types found in the collections are arranged in alphabetical order by their basionym. The actual name is given but many of the names are still not clearly assigned and given as "unresolved" in the Plantlist (2016). ...
Garcinia L. is the second largest genus in Clusiaceae Lindl.; however, there are few recent taxonomic works
about it, except for the taxonomic works conducted in Africa. For the development of sound taxonomic
work and to allow nomenclatural changes and typifications, a thorough analysis of the type specimens of
validly published names is necessary. In the herbarium W (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) nomenclatural
type specimens for 50 taxons of Garcinia (Clusiaceae) are identified. Data from: the original publication,
herbarium number and, where possible, the taxonomic status are provided.
... " and can be considered part of the same collection and is thus regarded as an isolectotype . P00568801, a scantly labeled sheet composed of five detached leaves, was cited as the " holotype " of O. goudotianus in SWEENEY & ROGERS (2008). Although the label may bear the annotation of the scientific name in Triana's handwriting and the leaves on the sheet correspond taxonomically to Garcinia goudotiana , it is very unlikely that P00568801 represents type material of Ochrocarpos goudotianus as it was part of the herbarium of Petit-Thouars and bears none of the provenance information mentioned in the protologue, nor any mention of a collector. ...
Garcinia exigua (Clusiaceae), previously known from Borneo [Malaysia (Sarawak) and Brunei], is reported as a new record from dry evergreen forest on limestone hill in Krabi Province, Peninsular Thailand. A detailed morphological description, illustrations and a distribution map of the species are provided, along with information on distribution, specimens examined, habitat, conservation status, phenology, etymology and vernacular name.
The fruit of Garcinia pedunculata is one of the costliest indigenous fruits sold in local markets of Manipur for cuisine and various other utilities. Its population seemed to decline due to overexploitation, habitat loss, and the absence of cultivation or propagation methods. Hence, studies on the regeneration aspects of the species in ex-situ and in-vitro conditions were performed. Mean germination of 79–93% was achieved within ca. 3 weeks when dormancy imparting rind of the arillate seed was removed. About 76% of seedlings may survive if arilled seeds are scarified in their in-situ conditions. Removal of testa doesn’t affect germination; in fact, it increased the viability of the seeds. Pre-harvesting of immature fruits devoid of set seeds, physical dormancy imparted by seed rind, and loss of natural dormancy breaking mechanisms are some of the factors which limit the natural propagation of the species. Two types of seedling patterns, i.e., normal-type and adventitious embryonic-type were observed. Our finding indicated that resource allocation affects the level of adventitious embryony as evidenced by ca. 90% of multiple seedlings in in-vitro treatment. On the other hand, adventitious embryony seemed to have a negative effect on the embryo mass and growth due to resource diversification to the number of adventitious shootlets. Besides morphological similarity, ISSR profile of uniform pattern among adventitious shootlets and mother plant genetically confirmed adventitious embryony resulting from apomixis. This adventitious embryony and adventitious shoot micropropagation can be exploited for restoration and large-scale propagation of selected genotypes.
