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A–D. Eugenia pipensis. A. Fruiting branch. B. Detail of fasciculate inflorescences. C. Detail of flower. D. Cross section of ovary. Illustration by Regina Carvalho, based on A. R. Lourenço 436 (UFP).
Source publication
A new species of Eugenia from the Atlantic rainforest of Rio Grande do Norte is described as Eugenia pipensis. The species is close to E. astringens, but differs by having calyx lobes 2.5 to 3 mm long and glandulose-verruculose fruits.
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Citations
... A second hypothesis suggests that polysporangiate anthers are an evolutionary intermediate state towards a reduction in anther size (Lersten 1971). The current data available does not support this hypothesis as polysporangiate Eugenia anthers are mostly ca. 1 mm long, as observed in other Neotropical Eugenia sections (see Sobral et al. 2012;Lourenço et al. 2013;Coutinho et al. 2015;Souza et al. 2015Souza et al. , 2016Valdemarin et al. 2019;Giaretta et al. 2021). Furthermore, Eugenia petaloidea and E. quilombola have longer anthers, up to 2 and 3 mm, respectively. ...
Shifts towards compartmentalisation resulting in multilocular anthers have been described in some families of Myrtales but to date, not in Myrtaceae. In these other families sporogeneous tissue is partitioned by transverse or longitudinal septa, fitting the definition of the ‘polysporangiate anther’. Polysporangiate anther in Eugenia, a Neotropical genus of Myrtaceae is here discussed, with a detailed description of their morphology and in the context of known phylogenetic relationships within Eugenia. Anthers of Eugenia joseramosii, E. kerianthera and E. petaloidea were examined using scanning electron microscopy; E. multilocellata and E. quilombola were imaged with light microscope. Molecular sequences of five regions were used to place these species in a representative phylogenetic framework for character reconstruction analysis. Analysed anthers share dithecal organization in which each anther theca is divided in dorsal and ventral rows of sporangia. Polysporangiate anthers in Eugenia appear to have evolved independently on at least two occasions in Eugenia sect. Umbellatae. Eugenia flowers with polysporangiate anthers fit a generalist pollination pattern but Eugenia petaloidea demonstrates some unusual features that may be linked to pollination by vibration. Anthers in Eugenia is a rare condition with low systematic value. Resources should be invested to survey Myrtaceae for more species with polysporangiate anthers, to improve understanding of their evolutionary relevance and to record pollinators and modes of pollination.
... Umbellatae is the section with the highest number of species of the genus (more than 600) (Mazine et al., 2018). Species of this section may show higher variation in geographic distribution and in physiological, morphological and even cytogenetic plasticity, as in E. punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (Flora e Funga do Brasil, 2023;Silveira et al., 2016) or be endemic a in very restricted distribution, such as E. pipensis A.R.Lourenço & B.S.Amorim whose occurrence is known only for 'restinga' vegetation in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in Brazil (Lourenço et al., 2013). The restinga is a type of pioneer vegetation that requires species to be able to tolerate the most stressful environmental conditions (Santos et al., 2012). ...
... Eugenia is the most diverse genus of Brazilian flora, with around 407 species, of which 294 (72%) are endemic, being a very important group in Amazon Rainforest, Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna ("Cerrado") species composition (Mazine et al. 2021). This high diversity is reflected in the number of new species that have been described in the last decade, some of them registered to the northern limits of the Atlantic rainforest domain (Sobral 2010, Lourenço et al. 20132019, Costa-Lima & Chagas 2018. ...
Here we describe Eugenia nordestina (Myrtaceae), a new species endemic from northeastern Brazil; it was registered predominantly in stepic-savanna vegetation (“Caatinga”) from the states of Ceará and Piauí, frequently associated with the sedimentary basin of Ibiapaba Complex. The new species is morphologically close to E. dysenterica, differing by the bark longitudinally cleft with a stiff-exfoliating periderm (vs. bark cleft in both orientations, with a very thick and non-exfoliating periderm), bracteoles 4,5–6 mm long (vs. 0.9–3.2 mm), calyx lobes 5–6.5 mm long (vs. 3.1–4.3 mm long), petals without glandular dots (vs. with sparse glandular dots) and fruits 1.3–2.3 × 1–2 cm (vs. 1.8–3 × 2.5–3.5 cm). A distribution map and field photographs are also provided.
... It is known that Eugenia richness decreases towards the northern and southern Atlantic Forest (Lucas & Bünger 2015;Mazine et al. 2020). However, with recent efforts of botanical field expedictions and taxonomic surveys of Myrtaceae in the northern portion , 2012aLourenço & Barbosa 2012), new species of Eugenia have been described over the years (Amorim & Alves 2012bLourenço et al. 2013Lourenço et al. , 2019Sobral 2013;Amorim & Cabral 2018;Costa-Lima & Chagas 2018;Giaretta et al. 2019a), increasing the knowledge of this genus specially in the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Pernambuco. Reinforcing these recent publications, our study describes Eugenia quilombola as a new species, which is a further example that highlights the endemic richness of Eugenia in the northern Atlantic Forest. ...
Eugenia quilombola, a new species restricted to the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest is here described. Its sheets were previously misidentified as Eugenia umbrosa and this misquoting name have been used in scientific collections and publications until now. After 10 years of studies and discussions about its identity, Eugenia quilombola was recognized as a new taxon based on its diagnostic features of multilocular anthers and verrucose fruits (vs. rimose anther and smooth fruit in E. umbrosa). Furthermore, Eugenia quilombola has a narrow distribution in northeastern Brazil while E. umbrosa occurs in the southeastern region and in the state of Bahia.
... According to the general Myrtaceae distribution patterns, most of species and endemism are recorded to the southern Atlantic Forest when compared to the northern portion (Murray-Smith et al. 2009). Even though the northern Atlantic Forest presents less richness and endemism, it is also known for its endemic Eugenia species from restingas, lowland and submontane forests (Sobral 2005, 2010, 2013, Mazine & Souza 2009, Amorim & Alves 2012a, 2015a, Sobral et al. 2012, Lourenço et al. 2013, Giaretta & Fraga 2014, Sobral & Souza 2015. ...
Eugenia studerae is here described and illustrated. This species is restricted to submontane forests of northern Atlantic Forest and known only for the Alagoas state. Eugenia studerae is morphologically related to E. hirta. They share the small leaves, inflorescence with reduced main axis and subglobose and smooth fruits, but E. studerae differs by the inflorescence usually with 3–4 mature flowers/fruits, smaller and acute calyx lobes and the restricted distribution in submontane forests (vs. inflorescence usually with 1 mature flower/fruit, larger and rounded calyx lobes and the distribution in lowland coastal forests in E. hirta).
... However, the knowledge of RN's flora is growing rapidly. New species have recently been discovered (Sobral 2010, Lourenço et al. 2013, Terra-Araújo et al. 2013, Ribeiro et al. 2015b, Souza et al. 2016) and new occurrences for genera or species have been reported for RN (Versieux et al. 2013a, São-Matheus et al. 2013, Magalhães et al. 2014, Amorim et al. 2016, Colombo et al. 2016, Gomes-Costa and Alves 2016. In five years, the number of species records for RN increased by 78% (BFG 2015). ...
A National Forest Inventory (NFI) encompassing the entire territory of Brazil is in progress. It is coordinated and promoted by the Brazilian Forest Service of the Ministry of Environment. In each state, the NFI collaborates with local herbaria by receiving collected plant material and performing species identification. Consultants are hired by the NFI and work at the local herbaria under the supervision of a curator. In exchange for curatorial assistance, the NFI provides equipment and consumables for the herbarium. Other public projects collaborating with NFI are Reflora and the Brazilian Biodiversity Information System (SiBBr). Both projects have online platforms that seek to connect herbaria and make all their data freely available, including high quality digital images of specimens. Through inter-institutional collaboration, the joint interests of NFI, Reflora, SiBBr and local herbaria have improved collections, expanded the online Reflora database, and provided the NFI with verified species lists. These strategic uses of public funding are positively affecting Botany, particularly during a period of economic crisis and cuts in research. Here, we illustrate the increase in floristic knowledge through the improvement of a herbarium collection in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) - the Brazilian state with the lowest levels of plant richness. We report 71 new occurrences of vascular plants for RN, belonging mainly to the Poaceae, Fabaceae and Malvaceae. Most of the species with new occurrences have a Neotropical distribution (21 spp.) and only seven are restricted to the Brazilian Northeast. Our findings highlight previous gaps in RN's floristic knowledge. The partnership NFI, Reflora, SiBBr and the UFRN herbarium improved herbarium curation, digital collection, and quality of data. Finally, a fellowship provided by Reflora and SiBBr allowed improving curation by distributing duplicates and incorporating the Herbarium of Câmara Cascudo Museum.
... In part, this can be explained by the low investment in botanical research in the state, as reported by Versieux et al. (2013b). Despite the low investment, new occurrences and even new species have been recently added to the RN flora (e.g., Sobral 2010, Lourenço et al. 2013, São-Mateus et al. 2013, Terra-Araujo & Alves 2013, Versieux et al. 2013a, Versieux et al. 2013b, Ribeiro et al. 2015, improving the overall floristic knowledge of the state. ...
This study presents nine new records and the conservation status of Lamiaceae species in Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil. The data obtained is based on fieldwork and examination of herbarium specimens. Thirty Lamiaceae species were recorded in RN, of which 16 are native to Brazil, nine are recorded for the first time for the state and one is new to science. The conservation assessments were based on IUCN geographic criteria: Area of Occurrence and Extension of Occurrence of each species. Among the native species, three were classified as Endangered, four as Vulnerable, three are of Least Concern, two are Near Threatened and four are Data Deficient. The highest number of Lamiaceae species, 14 altogether, is embraced by the phytogeographic domain Caatinga, a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, although less than 1% of this region is protected by conservation units. This study reveals the worrying conservation status of Lamiaceae in RN and the need for conservation actions, such as creating new conservation units and monitoring populations in the wild.
... Brazilian Myrtaceae are circumscribed in tribe Myrteae and comprise 1030 species, of which about 77.5% are restricted to the country (BFG 2015). Eugenia Linna eus (1753: 470) is the most species-rich angiosperm genus in Brazil, with 387 species, 302 of them occurring particularly in Brazil (BFG 2015), with several new species being recently described (Bünger et al. 2013, Faria & Proença 2012, Giaretta & Fraga 2014, Lourenço et al. 2013, Mazine & Faria 2013, Mazine & Souza 2008, 2009a, 2009b, Soares-Silva & Sobral 2004, Sobral 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010a, 2010b, 2013, Sobral & Mazine, 2010Sobral et al. 2012Sobral et al. , 2015Sobral et al. , 2016. ...
... Herbaria consulted for the description of the species were BHCB, HUFSJ, IAC, RB, SORO, SP, SPSF, UB and UEC, acronyms according to Thiers (2016). Morphological characterization was carried out using dried specimens and the terminology was based on recent studies on Eugenia (Bünger et al. 2014, Faria & Proença 2012, Giaretta & Frag 2014, Lourenço et al. 2013, Mazine & Faria 2013, Mazine & Souza 2010, Sobral 2010a, 2010b, 2013, Sobral & Mazine 2010, Sobral et al. 2012, 2016. ...
Three species of Eugenia from São Paulo state’s Atlantic forest are described, illustrated, compared with related species and commented in their conservation issues: Eugenia binata, from Ilhabela, is close to Eugenia lomeroensis, from which can be distinguished by larger leaf blades, larger flower buds, and densely pubescent ovary; Eugenia pithecocephala, from Peruíbe, is close to Eugenia grandissima, from which can be distinguished by the smaller leaves and costate fruits with five seeds; and Eugenia sulcatifolia, from Ubatuba, is close to Eugenia umbrosa, from which can be distinguished by the broader leaf blades, obovate bracteoles and slightly costate ovary.
... Eugenia section Umbellatae has been adopted for this group in recent literature (e.g. Lourenço et al. 2013;Villarroel et al. 2014), but not in a formal way. Inflorescences in this group can bear solitary flowers or flowers can be arranged in glomerules, fascicles or racemes. ...
Eugenia currently comprises c. 1050 species and is the largest angiosperm genus in Brazil. Recent morphological and taxonomic revision of Eugenia s.l. in light of current phylogenetic knowledge necessitates a new infra-generic classification. This study, based on available systematic data, circumscribes Eugenia in its current sense and provides detailed descriptions and illustration of the resulting nine infra-generic sections: Eugenia sects. Eugenia, Calycorectes, Hexachlamys, Phyllocalyx, Pilothecium, Pseudeugenia, Racemosae, Speciosae and the largest, Umbellatae that contains two thirds of the species in the genus. Relationships between Eugenia and Old World genera currently accepted as synonyms of Eugenia (Jossinia, Monimiastrum, Myrtopsis and Chloromyrtus) are also discussed. The paper presents a wide range of changes at the sectional level resulting in five new sectional synonyms, two new combinations, a lectotypification and one name of new status. An identification key to the sections is provided.
... The last twenty years have witnessed the description of many new species of Eugenia for Brazil (Amorim & Alves 2012;Bünger et al. 2013;Faria & Proença 2012;Giaretta & Fraga 2014;Kawasaki & Holst 1994;Lourenço et al. 2013;Mazine & Souza 2008, 2009a, 2009bMazine & Faria 2013;Proença et al. 2014;Soares-Silva & Sobral 2004;Sobral 2005Sobral , 2006Sobral , 2008Sobral , 2010aSobral , 2010bSobral , 2013Sobral & Mazine 2010;Sobral et al. 2012;Souza & Morim 2008); only two of these-Eugenia marambaiensis M. Souza & M.P.Lima (2008: 306) and Eugenia regia Bünger & Sobral (Bünger et al. 2013: 55)-were from Rio de Janeiro; both, however, are from coastal vegetation. ...
Two apparently narrow-endemic species of Eugenia are described from the Cabo Frio Center of Plant Diversity in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both present a limited distribution restricted to coastal areas north of Rio de Janeiro. The new species are described and compared with closely related species. Illustrations, distribution maps and conservation status assessments are also provided. Eugenia gastropogena and Eugenia farneyi are presumably closely related to Eugenia pyriformis and Eugenia malacantha. Eugenia gastropogena can be recognized by its leaves with arched secondary veins not forming a clear marginal vein, subcordate to obtuse leaf bases, petioles 2.1–4.8 mm long, buds 3.5–4 mm long and 2 ovules per locule. E. farneyi can be recognized by having leaves with straight secondary veins that form a single marginal vein running 0.7–1.5 mm from the margin, cuneate leaf bases, petioles 4–6.4 mm long, buds 6.2–8.4 mm long, and 10–12 ovules per locule.
