Figure - available from: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
(A) Circular map and genetic structure of the pHJ33S plasmid (GenBank accession number CP059609.2). (B) Alignment of IncQ1 plasmids harboring the blaKPC-2 gene inserted on a non-Tn4401 element (NTEKPC-IId). K. pneumoniae pKPN535a (accession number MH595533), K. pneumoniae pKp-MW01_KPC (accession number LC545848), Escherichia coli pEc351 (accession number MT349420), K. pneumoniae pKPC05 (accession number MK330868), K. pneumoniae pB29 (accession number MK330869), K. quasipneumoniae pKQPS142b (accession number CP023480.1), and K. aerogenes pEa33A (accession number MH000708). Coding sequences (CDS) are represented by arrows and labeled with the gene name or product, and colored as follows: plasmid replication in blue, plasmid stability in yellow, mobile genetic element in orange, antimicrobial resistance in red, plasmid mobilization in green, truncated gene in black, and hypothetical protein in gray.
Source publication
The pandemic status of KPC-type carbapenemases has been linked especially to IncF, IncN, IncX, IncA/C, IncP, IncL/M, and IncR plasmids associated with the mobile element Tn 4401 , which have rapidly disseminated among international clones of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella complex (1, 2).…
Similar publications
Carbapenem resistance, an emerging global health problem, compromises the treatment of infections caused by nosocomial pathogens. Preclinical and clinical trials demonstrate that a new generation of carbapenemases inhibitors, together with the recently approved avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam, would address this resistance. Our review summari...
Carbapenems are atypical β-lactam antibiotics with a broade antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity; however, the emergence and spread of carbapenemases have led to a decline in their effectiveness. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is an important carbapenemase that has attracted widespread attention and poses a major threat to...
The increasing prevalence of resistance in carbapenems is an escalating concern as carbapenems are reserved as last-line antibiotics. Although indiscriminate antibiotic usage is considered the primary cause for resistance development, increasing evidence revealed that inconsequential strains without any direct clinical relevance to carbapenem usage...
The blaOXA-48/IncL plasmid is increasingly reported in dogs, even in the absence of carbapenem use in animals. In this study, we witnessed the spread of this plasmid within and between dogs sharing the same relaxing area. This indicates a very dynamic situation where carbapenem resistance can be transmitted between dogs and expanded in the dogs’ gu...
Citations
... Silva et al. also recovered S. marcescens producing both KPC-2 and IMP-10 at a Brazilian teaching hospital [13]. Moreover, it has been identified to be harbored on multiple plasmids: IncR, IncP6, IncQ1, IncFII, IncL/M, IncN1, IncA, IncK, IncC, ColRNAI, IncX3 and IncX6 [14][15][16][17][18]. Among these types of plasmids found in S. marcescens are specifically the ones belonging to the groups of both IncK and IncX6 [19,20]. ...
Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen found in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rarely addressed. Here, we reported two blaKPC-2-positive S. marcescens strains, SMBC31 and SMBC50, recovered from the ICU of a hospital in Zhengzhou, China. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth microdilution method, while S1-PFGE was employed to demonstrate plasmid size approximation. Complete genome sequences were obtained through Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Both strains exhibit resistance to meropenem and harbor the blaKPC-2 and blaSRT-1 resistance genes. The plasmid pSMBC31-39K in strain SMBC31 and pSMBC50-107K in strain SMBC50 were identified as carrying the blaKPC-2 gene. Notably, both of these plasmids were successfully transferred to Escherichia coli strain J53. Phylogenetic analysis based on plasmid sequences revealed that pSMBC31-39K exhibited high homology with plasmids found in Aeromonas caviae, Citrobacter sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while pSMBC50-107K showed significant similarity to those of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Notably, the coexistence of blaKPC-2 and blaSRT-1 was observed in all 94 KPC-2-producing S. marcescens strains by mining all genomes available under the GenBank database, which were mainly isolated from hospitalized patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant S. marcescens poses significant challenges in treating clinical infections, highlighting the need for increased surveillance of this pathogen.
... It has been detected in the plasmids of several incompatibility groups, including IncFIIK plasmids related to pKpQIL [7], IncN, ColE [8,9], IncI2, and IncX3 plasmids [10,11]. This enzyme was initially described in K. pneumoniae, and is now readily detected in many members of the Enterobacterales family, but very rarely in Salmonella enterica (S.) [5][6][7]12,13]. The bla KPC-3 gene has been mainly described in pKpQIL plasmids in K. pneumoniae CG258 in Italy, and more recently, also in other K. pneumoniae lineages, including ST307. ...
... The acquisition of bla KPC genes by Salmonella spp. is highly unusual. It has been reported only sporadically in the S. Javiana strain from Brazil, where bla KPC-2 was carried by a small IncQ1 plasmid, or in S. Schwarzengrund in Argentina, where bla KPC-2 was present in an IncL/M plasmid, or in S. Typhimurium in China, where bla KPC-2 was located in an IncX4 plasmid [12,13,41]. Other authors reported the presence of bla KPC-2 in the serovars Cubana, Javiana, and Typhimurium, from the United States, Paraguay, and Colombia, respectively, but lacked, however, genotyping studies [12,13,[42][43][44]. ...
... It has been reported only sporadically in the S. Javiana strain from Brazil, where bla KPC-2 was carried by a small IncQ1 plasmid, or in S. Schwarzengrund in Argentina, where bla KPC-2 was present in an IncL/M plasmid, or in S. Typhimurium in China, where bla KPC-2 was located in an IncX4 plasmid [12,13,41]. Other authors reported the presence of bla KPC-2 in the serovars Cubana, Javiana, and Typhimurium, from the United States, Paraguay, and Colombia, respectively, but lacked, however, genotyping studies [12,13,[42][43][44]. Interestingly, the serovars Schwarzengrund and Javiana displayed a similar low-level resistance to meropenem to that of the S. Rissen 4_29_19 isolate [12,13]. ...
In this study, we describe a Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Rissen strain with a reduced susceptibility to meropenem, isolated from a urinary infection in an 89-year-old woman in 2018 during activity surveillance in Italy (Enter-Net Italia). The genomic characteristics, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were investigated via a genomic approach. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a “susceptible, increased exposure” phenotype to meropenem in the S. Rissen strain (4_29_19). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using both the NovaSeq 6000 S4 PE150 XP platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and MinION (Oxford Nanopore). The S. Rissen 4_29_19 strain harboured two plasmids: a pKpQIL-like plasmid carrying the blaKPC-3 resistance gene in a Tn4401a transposon (pKPC_4_29_19), and a ColE-like plasmid (p4_4_29_19) without resistance genes, highly prevalent among Enterobacterales. Comparative analysis revealed that the pKPC_4_29_19 plasmid was highly related to the pKpQIL reference plasmid (GU595196), with 57% coverage and 99.96% identity, but lacking a region of about 30 kb, involving the FIIK2 replicon region and the entire transfer locus, causing the loss of its ability to conjugate. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a pKpQIL-like plasmid, carrying blaKPC-3, highly diffused in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, has been identified in a Salmonella strain in our country. The acquisition of blaKPC genes by Salmonella spp. is extremely rare, and is reported only sporadically. In zoonotic bacteria isolated from humans, the presence of a carbapenem resistance gene carried by mobile genetic elements, usually described in healthcare-associated infection bacteria, represents an important concern for public health.
... Additionally, the analysis performed with the mlplasmids tool revealed that the contigs carrying bla CTX-M-14 , bla TEM-1B , bla KPC-2 , aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aph(3 )-Ia, sul1, sul2, and mph(A) genes were probably derived from plasmids. In addition, using this same tool, we found that IncX3 plasmid carried the bla KPC-2 gene in a genetic environment composed of ISKpn6-bla KPC-2 -tnpA-tnpR, which was curiously not associated with an entire Tn4401 transposon, indicating the presence of a non-Tn4401 element (NTE KPC ) variant, as previously described [16]. The ST258 is largely related to the spread of KPC-2 worldwide, including Brazil [2,17,18], and has been classified as a high-risk clone, being frequently associated with severe infections in many countries with high-mortality rates [19]. ...
This study aimed to characterize a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (KP411) recovered from the stool samples of poultry (Gallus gallus) in the Brazilian Amazon Region. The whole-genome sequencing of KP411 revealed the presence of an important arsenal of antimicrobial resistance genes to β-lactams (blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-1B, blaKPC-2, blaSVH-11), aminoglycosides [aph(3″)- Ib, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ia], sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), quinolones (oqxAB), fosfomycin (fosAKP), and macrolides [mph(A)]. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that the KP411 strain belongs to the ST258 clonal lineage, which is one of the main epidemic clones responsible for the dissemination of KPC-2 worldwide. Our data suggest that food-producing animals may act as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae belonging to the ST258 clone, and, consequently, contribute to their dissemination to humans and the environment.
Aims
Determine which ST clones were carrying the blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaGES genes and their variants in clinical isolates of multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae.
Methods and Results
Ten K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from the colonized and infected patients in a public hospital in the city of Recife-PE, in northeastern Brazil, and were further analyzed. The detection of carbapenem resistance genes and the 7 housekeeping genes (for MLST detection) were done with PCR and sequencing. The blaKPC and blaNDM genes were detected concomitantly in all isolates, with variants being detected blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaNDM-7 and blaKPC-2. The blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1 combination being the most frequent. Molecular typing by MLST detected three types of high-risk ST clones, associated with the clonal complex 258, ST11/CC258 in eight isolates, and ST855/CC258 and ST340/CC258 in the other two isolates.
Conclusions
These findings are worrying, as they have a negative impact on the scenario of antimicrobial resistance, and show the high genetic variability of K. pneumoniae and its ability to mutate resistance genes and risk of dissemination via different ST clones.
