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![A, Basic planar antenna (antenna‐1); B, Front view of the proposed miniaturized dual‐band antenna (antenna‐2); C, Back view of the proposed miniaturized dual‐band antenna (antenna‐2); Prototype model of a basic planar antenna (antenna‐1) D, front view and E, back view and miniaturized dual‐band antenna (antenna‐2) F, front view and G, back view [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]](publication/341884294/figure/fig1/AS:11431281176214184@1690067981073/A-Basic-planar-antenna-antenna-1-B-Front-view-of-the-proposed-miniaturized-dual-band.png)
A, Basic planar antenna (antenna‐1); B, Front view of the proposed miniaturized dual‐band antenna (antenna‐2); C, Back view of the proposed miniaturized dual‐band antenna (antenna‐2); Prototype model of a basic planar antenna (antenna‐1) D, front view and E, back view and miniaturized dual‐band antenna (antenna‐2) F, front view and G, back view [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Source publication
In this article, the design of a miniaturized planar antenna using defected ground structure (DGS) and meander line structure for C and X‐band applications is presented. A novel star‐shaped and a rectangle DGS created on the ground plane of lambda/4 fed planar antenna and its effect on the size reduction performance is analyzed. Initially, a simple...
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Citations
... This opens up possibilities for developing compact antennas with different operating frequencies. By manipulating resonance frequencies, researchers have achieved miniaturization in antennas operating at different bands, including shifting from higher frequencies to lower frequencies [8] [9]. These advancements contribute to the development of smaller and more efficient antenna designs, enabling their integration into a wide range of wireless communication systems and devices. ...
This article introduces a novel technique to develop a circular patch antenna specifically tailored for 5G wireless technology operating in the 28 GHz frequency range. By thoughtfully incorporating a rectangular slot into the design on a Rogers substrate, not only does the antenna's performance get enhanced, but its bandwidth also gets expanded. This expansion in bandwidth allows the antenna to effectively cover a broader frequency range, which holds immense significance for practical applications. The compact design occupies only 8.3×8.5 mm 2 of space. Through simulations and measurements, it is demonstrated that the antenna achieves a 10 dB higher gain, ensuring a significant improvement in signal power.It delivers a bandwidth of 2.23 GHz, extending across the spectrum from 27.77 GHz to 30 GHz. The resonance analysis reveals a good return loss of-34.3 dB, indicating excellent signal matching. Furthermore, the antenna achieves a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.11, facilitating the effective transfer of radio frequency energy. The results indicate satisfactory performance in terms of matching, losses, and efficiency, positioning this design as a promising candidate for efficient communication in 5G networks.
... The 2.4GHz frequency band, which has a resonance frequency in the antenna, is the one used by Wi-Fi. ML seeks to shorten the time required for antenna design by obtaining high precision and making accurate predictions of antenna performance [9]. The suggested antenna was created using a hybrid technique in CST Microwave Studio [10]. ...
Half-circled U-slot loaded antenna is studied using the HFSS and Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. The proposed work is for predicting the resonance frequency of the U-slot loaded antenna by providing the dimensions of the antennas.The proposed antenna is designed for Wi-MAX application with operating frequency of 3.4 GHz.The HFSS tool is being used for designing and analyzing fractal antennas and generating the training data. Parametric analysis of the designed U-slot-loaded half-circled antenna is developed by altering the half-circle radius, length of the U-slot and width. The data set is then given to the XGBoost ML algorithm for training the model. The XGBoost contains remarkably high processing speed and contains features like parallelization, cache optimization, and out-of-core computation which makes the perfect algorithm for predicting the resonance frequencies.U-slot loaded half-circled antenna offers a substantial size reduction, a wide impedance bandwidth, and a uniform radiation pattern on all sides.
... In [18] slotted split ring resonator and slot line was introduced for the 2.47GHz and 5.32Ghz band applications. A combination of star and rectangular shaped DGS and meander line on the patch was introduced in [19] for the C and X band applications. Shape of quasi-yagi antenna was introduced in [20] by combining dipole and folded dipole antenna for 2.45GHz and 5.5GHz band applications. ...
... Group delay (GD) characterizes the phase linearity in concordance with the angular frequency. GD (τ g ω ð Þ) is computed using Equation (9). Another significant metric is the fidelity factor (FF), which defines the amount of correlation among the input and output pulse shapes. ...
A novel two‐ and four‐port antenna structure are proposed to achieve improved isolation and operate in the ultrawideband (UWB) frequency range. The projected designs comprise a hybrid circular and rectangular embedded UWB antenna with a partial ground plane. The alteration of the radiating and ground planes modifies the current flow and aids in realizing a broader bandwidth. The dual‐band notches are created on UWB using slot and stubs. The U‐shape slot on the feedline neutralizes the current flow at 5.2 GHz, and a pair of symmetrical H‐shape stubs across the feedline couples the current flow from the feedline to stubs at 7.4 GHz frequency, and negligible current reaches the radiator. The dual‐band notch UWB antenna is reproduced to create two‐port and four‐port MIMO antennas with a less than quarter wavelength spacing. Using a deficient ground structure, better isolation between the interelements is achieved. The projected two‐ and four‐port design has overall physical geometry of 0.2λ × 0.4λ × 0.02λ and 0.5λ × 0.4λ × 0.02λ and provides a measured impedance bandwidth between 3.3–12.8 and 3.1–12 GHz, respectively. The distinctive feature of both antenna designs is incorporating simple and effective defective ground structures as decoupling structures in the ground plane to generate better than 25 dB isolation across the operational spectrum. The current between the interelement is suppressed via the ground plane, leading to mutual coupling reduction. In addition, complete MIMO diversity parameters and time‐domain characteristics are explored, and the findings show that the proposed designs are appropriate for wireless applications.
... They have obtained high fractional bandwidth of 12.5% compared to the other conventional antennas, but it has negative gain value equal to -0.256 dBi. A meander shaped antenna with defected ground plane and a miniaturized size is obtained by engraving a star-shaped and rectangle-shaped slots at the ground plane [15]. In [16], a compact antenna has been proposed with meandering line slot at the radiating element of the antenna and another two split ring slots attached to the ground plane, which leads to a noticeable reduction in the antenna size. ...
This article presents a miniaturized simple rectangle monopole antenna for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The miniaturization is achieved by engraving three pairs of parallel slits on the antenna radiating patch. It resonates at the Industrial Scientific and Medical band (2.4 GHz) with an acceptable gain and almost perfect matching. The obtained -10 dB bandwidth of the designed antenna is 361 MHz. The proposed antenna has six slits located alternatively at the right and left sides of the radiating patch. The reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna is -34.89 dB for the simulated results and -27.23 dB for the measured results. The simulated and measured gains are 1.2dBi and 1.142 dBi, respectively, at the resonant frequency, which is so good under the condition of the antenna compact size. The proposed antenna has a simple design with low cost and very compact size, and this makes it preferable for IoT applications. Moreover, the proposed antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern suitable for direction-independent applications. The measured and simulated results show close agreement to each other.
... Rashmi et al. [3] presented in their work the conventional C band array and its miniaturized version resonating at S-band using a DGS, maintaining the physical volume of the antenna array constant. Avula et al. [4] reported a miniaturized antenna using DGS and meander structure. The conventional antenna designed in their work resonated at 15 GHz; by introducing DGS and meander structure, they achieved dual-band resonance at 7.26 and 9.42 GHz. ...
A novel Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is proposed to miniaturize a 2×2 Modified Corporate Feed Planar Antenna Array (M-CFPA) with a modified corporate feeding network. The DGS altered the surface current distribution and shifted the resonance frequency to the lower side. After running a parametric sweep of length and width of the patch antenna element, achieved the miniaturized antenna array resonating at 2.4 GHz frequency. The proposed antenna array is designed using Rogers/RT Duroid 5,880 (= 2.2) substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The overall dimensions of the proposed Planar Array with DGS (PA-DGS) is 25.2723 % lesser than M-CFPA. The M-CFPA has a peak gain of 11.53 dB with a-10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 118 MHz. The proposed PA-DGS array exhibits a peak gain of 9.51 dB with 100 MHz-10 dB bandwidth.
... Moreover, serious studies on the miniaturization of the antennae have been carried out directly on the geometry of the antenna either by modifying the radiating element or the ground structure. Thus, the most common techniques are the Defected Ground Structure (DGS) [13,14], whose principles are based on the creation of single or multiple slots on the ground plane which are, therefore placed under the radiation element in order to achieve complete suppression of the upper mode harmonics to obtain band stop characteristics [15], but the impact on the reduction of size is less significant. The limit of this method of reducing the size of the antennae has been unknotted by the use of the principle of the modification of the resonator like the defected microstrip structure (DMS) [15], the most widely used is fractal geometry. ...
In this work, the process of fractal-based rectangular microstrip patch antenna miniaturization was described. The principle was to start from a conventional microstrip patch antenna of size 8.13 × 5 mm2 resonating at 11.71 and 16.84 GHz with − 12.09 and − 21.5 dB as reflection coefficients respectively, suitable for X and Ku bands application. Sierpinski Carpet's approach was implemented up to the third iteration on the conventional rectangular patch antenna. The design and simulation were carried out using CADFEKO 7.0 software. The results of the proposed model show well-optimized characteristics for both resonant frequencies: 11.16 and 17.16 GHz with − 30 and − 29.93 dB as reflection coefficient respectively and better bandwidth enhancing from 2.87 GHz for the conventional microstrip to 3.20 GHz for the proposed fractal antenna. The value of all antenna parameters such as VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, Smith chart, Bandwidth, current distribution is an acceptable range. The size of the model obtained in the third iteration could be reduced to about 67% of the size of the conventional rectangular patch antenna.
... DGS creates a disturbance of the current distribution in the ground plane, leading to the creation of multiple resonance frequencies allowed by etching a slot into the ground plane [4]. Both DGS slotted geometries and positions lead to different resonance frequency creation and can be used as the resonance frequency control parameter [5][6][7][8][9]. ...
This letter describes a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applications at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz utilizing a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA). An optimized Defected Ground Structure (DGS) has been etched in the patch antenna’s ground to achieve a dual-band response. Moreover, the GA allows obtaining a maximum gain in both frequency bands. The proposed antenna has a good gain of 7.22 dBi and 6.18 dBi at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. An experimental validation is conducted using ROHDE &SCHWARZ ZVB20 network analyzer, and a good agreement with the simulation result is obtained. Therefore, this antenna is suitable for Wi-Fi energy harvesting applications.
... Consequently, many techniques have been used to reduce the antenna dimensions without affecting its radiation features. This can be achieved by using several existing methods including employing: defected ground structures (DGS) [1,2]; defected microstrip structure (DMS) [3]; shorting pin insertion [4]; fractal geometries [5,6]; asymmetric coplanar strip [7][8][9]; and metamaterials [10,11]. Although the reported techniques are effective for compact antenna design the resulted antenna footprints need to be more compact to meet the requirement of nowadays telecommunication systems. ...
In this study, a new compact dual-band antenna with overall size of 11 × 14.46 × 1.6 mm3 has been designed, fabricated and tested. The proposed antenna consists of two inverted Ω-shaped strips loaded with two different comb structures. The fist comb of six elements connected to the first Ω-shaped radiating branch is used to decrease the second band lower cut-off frequency and cover the intended WLAN and WiMAX applications. In order to cover the 2.45 GHz WLAN band and further reduce the antenna dimensions, a second comb structure of 14 elements is attached to the upper radiating branch. The fabricated antenna covers the frequency bands from 2.42 to 2.6 GHz and from 4.25 to 6.77 GHz with a reflection coefficient of |S 11| ≤ −10 dB. The antenna shows an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane and a monopole-like radiation pattern in the E-plane. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones which indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable to be used in the WLAN/WiMAX applications.
... DGS was used to decrease the size of the patch and its array components [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Antennas designed with superstrate configurations have improved gain and directivity [20,21]. ...
